考研英语真题英语一真题完整版
玛丽莲梦兔
544次浏览
2021年01月20日 08:42
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
玩游戏台式机-
考
研
英
语
真
题
英
语
一
真
题
完
整
版
Document number
【
AA80KGB-AA98YT- AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG
】
D
ir
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as
fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study,
published from the University of California and Yale University in
the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique
subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated
strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James
Fowler, p
rofessor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most
people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to
select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something
shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity
exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the
team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is
more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that
_(12)_us in
choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional
Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes
seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could
help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,
with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend
those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all
the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,
care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were
taken from the same population.
1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
5. [A] tests [B] s [C]samples [D] examples
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D]
incredible
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along
with
14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D]
disruptive
18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40
points)
Text 1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate,
they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the
popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have
forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish
crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean
the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their
magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.
When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following
the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above
“mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains
monarchs’continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East
excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,
with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike
their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal
families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the
difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic
of national unity as they claim to be, their very history
—
and
sometimes the way they behave today
–
embodies outdated and
indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas
Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the
increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy
aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern
democratic states.
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their
old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride
bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy
families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness
makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to
survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most
to fear from the Spanish example.
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation
with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger
will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle
and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to
understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide
a service
–
as non- controversial and non-political heads of state.
Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not
republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.
21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of
Spain
[A] used turn enjoy high public support
[B] was unpopular among European royals
[C] cased his relationship with his rivals
[D]ended his reign in embarrassment
22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly
[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status
[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to
[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment
23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to
Paragraph 4?
[A] Aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth
[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies
[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families
[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges
24. The British royals “have most to fear”because Charles
[A] takes a rough line on political issues
[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised
[C] takes republicans as his potential allies
[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs
[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats
TEXT 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?
The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the
contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or
around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping
ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that
authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the
time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to
assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s
advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so
that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police,
lawyers and defendants.
They should st
art by discarding California’s lame argument that
exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital
information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The
court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when
they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a
warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or
her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading
history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records
of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.”
meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole.
New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of
the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares
the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st
century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital
necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel
rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they
must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information
now.
26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest,
it is legitimate to
[A] search for
suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.
[B] check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.
[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.
[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.
27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one
of
[A] tolerance.
[B] indifference.
[C] disapproval.
[D] cautiousness.
28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is
comparable to
[A] getting into one’s residence.
[B] handing one’s historical rec
ords.
[C] scanning one’s correspondences.
[D] going through one’s wallet.
29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that
[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.
[B] the court is giving police less room for action.
[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.