女人养生吃什么-

2021年1月20日发(作者：余汉谋)
v1.0
可编辑可修改

2009
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语试题


Directions:

Section I
Use of English

Read
the
following
text.
Choose
the
best
word(s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)


Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart
humans are.
1
the fruit-
fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s
piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be
smarter than the average fruit fly
2

to live shorter lives. This
suggests
that
3
bulbs
burn
longer,
that
there
is
an
4
in
not
being
too terrifically , it
5
out, is a high-priced option. It takes more
upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow
6
the starting line because it
depends on learning
—
a gradual
7

—
instead of instinct. Plenty of
other
species
are
able
to
learn,
and
one
of
the
things
they’ve
apparently
learned is when to
8 .
Is there an adaptive value to
9
intelligence
That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of
casting
a
wistful
glance

10

at
all
the
species
we’ve
l
eft
in
the
dust
it
implicitly
asks
what
the
real

11
of
our
own
intelligence might
be.
This
is

12

the
mind
of
every
animal
I’ve
ever
on

animal
intelligence
also
makes
me
wonder
what
experiments
animals
would
13
on
humans
if
they
had the chance. Every
cat with
an owner,
14
,
is running a
small-scale
study
in
operant
conditioning.
we
believe
that
15
animals
ran
the
labs,
they
would
test
us
to
16
the
limits
of
our
patience,
our
faithfulness,
our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in

1
11

v1.0
可编辑可修改

humans is really
17
, not merely how much of it there is.
18
, they
would
hope
to
study
a
19
question:
Are
humans
actually
aware
of
the
world
they live in
20
the results are inconclusive.


1. [A] Suppose

[B] Consider

[C] Observe
[D]
Imagine

2. [A] tended
threatened

3. [A] thinner
dimmer

4. [A] tendency
priority

5. [A] insists on
forward

6. [A] off

7. [A] incredible
gradual

8. [A] fight
9. [A] invisible
different

10. [A] upward
backward

11. [A] features
costs

12. [A] outside
13. [A] deliver
apply


[B] feared


[C] happened
[D]
[B] stabler

[C] lighter

[D]
[B] advantage
[C] inclination [D]
[B] sums up
[C] turns out
[D] puts

[C] over


[D] along

[B] spontaneous
[C]inevitable
[D]
[B] doubt


[C] stop
[D] think

[B] limited

[C] indefinite
[D]
[B] forward

[C] afterward [D]
[B] influences
[C] results

[D]

[C] by

[D] across

[B] carry


[C] perform

[D]
2
22




[B] behind


[B] on

v1.0
可编辑可修改

14. [A] by chance
[B] in contrast
instance

15. [A] if

[B] unless

[C] as usual
[D] for
[C] as

[D] lest

[D] reach

[D] with

16. [A] moderate

[B] overcome [C] determine
17. [A] at

[B] for
[C] after

18. [A] Above all

[B] After all

Otherwise

19. [A] fundamental
hostile

20. [A] By accident
[D] Better still



Part A

Directions:

[C] However
[D]
[B] comprehensive
[C] equivalent
[D]
[B] In time

[C] So far


Section II Reading Comprehension

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)



Text1

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our
brains
on
auto-pilot
and
relaxing
into
the
unconscious
comfort
of
familiar
routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William
Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century,
even the word “habit” carries a ne
gative connotation.

So
it seems
antithetical to
talk
about habits in the same context as
creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that
when
we
consciously
develop
new
habits,
we
create
parallel
synaptic
paths,

3
33

v1.0
可编辑可修改

and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought
onto new, innovative tracks.

But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those
ruts of
procedure
are
worn
into
the
hippocampus,
they’re
there
to
stay.
Instead,
the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel
pathways that can bypass those old roads.

“The
first
thing
needed
for
innovation
is
a
fascination
with
wonder,”
says
Dawna
Markova,
author
of
“The
Open
Mind”
and
an
executive
change
consultant
for
Professional
Thinking
Part
ners.
“But
we
are
taught
instead
to
‘decide,’
just
as
our
president
calls
himself
‘the
Decider.’

” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all
possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring
the many other possibilities.”

A
ll of us work through
problems in ways of which
we’re unaware, she
says. Researchers in the late 1960
covered that humans are born
with the
capacity
to
approach
challenges
in
four
primary
ways:
analytically,
procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At
puberty,
however,
the
brain
shuts
down
half
of
that
capacity,
preserving
only
those
modes
of
thought
that
have
seemed
most
valuable
during
the
first
decade or so of life.

The
current
emphasis
on
standardized
testing
highlights
analysis
and
procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and
collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the
American belief system
—

that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J.
Ryan, author of the
2006 book
“This
Year I Will...”
and Ms. Markova’s
business
partner.
“That’s
a
lie
that
we
have
perpetuated,
and
it
fosters
commonness.
Knowing
what
you’re
good
at
and
doing
even
more
of
it
creates

4
44

v1.0
可编辑可修改

excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.

21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being

A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable.

22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be

A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided

23.” ruts”(in li
ne one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to

A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections

24.
Ms.
Markova’s
comments
suggest
that
the
practice
of
standard
testing

A, prevents new habits form being formed

B, no longer emphasizes commonness

C, maintains the inherent American thinking model

D, complies with the American belief system

25. Ryan most probably agree that

A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind

B. innovativeness could be taught

C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

D. curiosity activates creative minds


Text 2

It
is
a
wise
father
that
knows
his
own
child,
but
today
a
man
can
boost
his
paternal
(fatherly)
wisdom
–

or
at
least
confirm
that
he’s
the
kid’s
dad. All he needs to do is shell our $$30 for paternity testing kit (PTK)
at his local drugstore
–
and another $$120 to get the results.

More
than
60,000
people
have
purchased
the
PTKs
since
they
first
become
available
without
prescriptions
last
years,
according
to
Doug
Fog,
chief
operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.
More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public ,

5
55

v1.0
可编辑可修改

ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $$2500.

Among
the
most
popular
:
paternity
and
kinship
testing
,
which
adopted
children
can
use
to
find
their
biological
relatives
and
latest
rage
a
many
passionate
genealogists-and
supports
businesses
that
offer
to
search
for
a family’s geographic roots .

Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth
and
sending
it
to
the
company
for
testing. All
tests
require
a
potential
candidate with whom to compare DNA.


But
some
observers
are
skeptical,
“There
is
a
kind
of
false
precision
being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says
Trey
Duster,
a
New
York
University
sociologist.
He
notes
that
each
individual
has
many
ancestors-numbering
in
the
hundreds
just
a
few
centuries
back.
Yet
most
ancestry
testing
only
considers
a
single
lineage,
either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or
mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can
reveal
genetic
information
about
only
one
or
two
ancestors,
even
though,
for example, just three generations back people also have six other
great-grandparents
or,
four
generations
back,
14
other
great-great-grandparents.


Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good
as
the
reference
collections
to
which
a
sample
is
compared.
Databases
used
by
some
companies
don’t
rely
on
data
collected
systematically
but
rather
lump together information from different research projects. This means
that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes
the
results.
In
addition,
the
computer
programs
a
company
uses
to
estimate
relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside
evaluation.


6
66

v1.0
可编辑可修改


paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.

[A]easy availability

[B]flexibility in pricing

[C] successful promotion

[D] popularity with households

27. PTK is used to __________.

[A]locate one’s birth p
lace

[B]promote genetic research

[C] identify parent-child kinship

[D] choose children for adoption

28.
Skeptical
observers
believe
that
ancestry
testing
fails
to__________.

[A]trace distant ancestors

[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines

[C] fully use genetic information

[D] achieve the claimed accuracy

29.
In
the
last
paragraph
,a
problem
commercial
genetic
testing
faces
is
__________.

[A]disorganized data collection

[B] overlapping database building

30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.

[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing

[B] DNA testing and It’s problems

[C]DNA testing outside the lab

[D] lies behind DNA testing




Text 3

7
77



















v1.0
可编辑可修改

The
relationship
between
formal
education
and
economic
growth
in
poor
countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike
progress
in
both
area
is
undoubtedly
necessary
for
the
social,
political
and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however,
the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest
priorities
for
promoting
rapid
economic
development
in
poor
countries
is
wrong.
We
are
fortunate
that
is
it,
because
new
educational
systems
there
and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance
would
require
two
or
three
generations.
The
findings
of
a
research
institution
have
consistently
shown
that
workers
in
all
countries
can
be
trained
on
the
job
to
achieve
radical
higher
productivity
and,
as
a
result,
radically higher standards of living.

Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United
States. Not long ago,
with the country
entering a recessing
and Japan at
its pre-bubble peak. The . workforce was derided as poorly educated and
one of primary cause of the poor . economic performance. Japan was, and
remains, the global leader in automotive- assembly productivity. Yet the
research
revealed
that
the .
factories
of
Honda
Nissan,
and
Toyota
achieved
about
95
percent
of
the
productivity
of
their
Japanese
countere
pants a result of the training that . workers received on the job.

More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers
discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in
Houston,
Texas,
consistently
met
best-practice
labor
productivity
standards despite th
e complexity of the building industry’s work.

What
is
the
real
relationship
between
education
and
economic
development We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes
the
development
of
education
even
when
governments
don’t
force
it.
After

8
88

v1.0
可编辑可修改

all,
that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters
and
gatherers
10,000
years
ago,
they
didn’t
have
time
to
wonder
much
about
anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food
in a more productive way was there time for other things.

As
education
improved,
humanity’s
productivity
potential,
they
could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of
education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for
the
complex
political
systems
required
by
advanced
economic
performance.
Thus
poor
countries
might
not
be
able
to
escape
their
poverty
traps
without
political
changes
that
may
be
possible
only
with
broader
formal
education.
A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of

the
developing
world’s
workforce
to
substantially
improve
productivity
for
the
forested
future.
On
the
contrary,
constraints
on
improving
productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there
than it is.







31.
The
author
holds
in
paragraph
1
that
the
important
of
education
in
poor
countries
___________.

[A] is subject groundless doubts

[B] has fallen victim of bias

[C] is conventional downgraded

[D] has been overestimated

32.
It
is
stated
in
paragraph
1
that
construction
of
a
new
education
system
__________.

[A]challenges economists and politicians

[B]takes efforts of generations


9
99

女人养生吃什么-

女人养生吃什么-

女人养生吃什么-

女人养生吃什么-

女人养生吃什么-

女人养生吃什么-

女人养生吃什么-

女人养生吃什么-