2018MBA英语真题 英语
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2018
年研究生入学统一考试试题
（英语二）
Section I Use of English
Directions
：
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be
painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in
Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people
will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.
In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the
Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in
an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the
researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an
electric shock when clicked.
Twenty
-
seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty
-
seven were told only that
some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not k
now which ones would
shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students
who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the s
ound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter
,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good
instinct
-
it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance
-
but sometimes such 13 can
insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a pr
ofound thy curiosity is
possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who
were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to
17 to see such an results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's
curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long
-
term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of other words,don'
t
read online comments.
1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore
D. regret 2.A. refuse B. wait C. seek
D. hurt C. mislead 3.A. rise B. last
D .treat B. tie 4.A. alert C. expose
D. concept C. review B. trial 5.A. message
D. interrupt B. weaken 6.A. remove C. deliver
D. When B. If 7. A. Unless C. Though
D. change
8. A. happen
C. disappear
B. continue
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9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to
D. discover B. forgive 10. A. disagree C. forget
D. schooling 11. A. pay B. marriage C. food
D. lead to 12.A. begin with C. learn from B. rest on
D. diligence 13.A. withdrawal C. persistence B. inquiry
D. self
-
deceptive B. self
-
reliant C. self
-
evident 14.A. self
-
destructive
D. trace B. define 15.A. resist C. replace
D. conceal 16.A. predict B. overlook C. design
D. pretend 17. A. remember B. choose C. promise
D. duty B. plan 18. A. relief C. outcome
D. how C. where B. why 19.A. whether
D. consequences
C. strategies
20. A .limitations B. investments
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Section
Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
（
40 points
）
Text 1
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his
efforts to give his students a better future.
ek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire
high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical
memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students
should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly
overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is
necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck
with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by
assembling a bicycle.
But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen
as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education
“
have
that stereotype, that it's for kids who can't make it academically,
”
he says.
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution.
Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the
US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More
education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all
-
and the subtle devaluing of
anything less
-
misses an important point: That's not the only thing the American
economy needs. Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent
of the jobs in the country are middle
-
skill jobs, such as construction and high
-
skill
manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its
political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,
one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working
-
class jobs, but
the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. Koziatek's
Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that
gap.
Koziatek's school is a wake
-
up call. When education becomes one
-
size
-
fits
-
all, it
risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.
21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of______.
A. mechanical memorization
B. academic training
C. practical ability
D. pioneering spirit
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22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.
A. are financially disadvantaged
B. are not academically successful
C. have a stereotyped mind
D. have no career motivation
23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.
A. are entitled to more
“
educational privileges
B. are reluctant to work in manufacturing
C .used to have more job opportunities
D. used to have big financial concerns
24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all_____.
A. helps create a lot of middle
-
skill jobs
B. may narrow the gap in working
-
class jobs
C. is expected to yield a better
-
trained workforce
D. indicates the overvaluing of higher education
25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as_____.
A. supportive
B. disappointed
C. tolerant
D. cautious
Text2
While fossil fuels
-
coal, oil, gas
-
still generate roughly 85 percent of the
world's energy
supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.
The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more
than half of new power sources going on line.
Some growth stems from a commitment by governments
and farsighted Business to fund
cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables,
especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind
turbines by close to one
-
third in the past eight years.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland,
for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the
rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a
remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10
percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels
-
especially coal
-
as the path to economic growth.
In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that
message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36
percent of the state's electricity generation
-
and where tech giants like Microsoft are being
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attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
The question
“
what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine? has provided a quick
put
-
down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage
-
capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep
power flowing around the clock more likely.
The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery
-
powered
electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,
this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
While there's a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of
change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful
effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does
-
or doesn't do
-
to promote alternative energy
may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.
26. The word plummeting(Line 3,Para.2) is closest in meaning to
______
A. stabilizing
B. changing
C. falling
D. rising
27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America ______
A. is progressing notably
B. is as extensive as in Europe
C. faces many challenges
D. has proved to be impractical
28. It can be learned that in Iowa,
______.
A. wind is a widely used energy source
B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
C. tech giants are investing in clean energy
D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply
29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?
A. Its application has boosted battery storage.
B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.
A. will bring the US closer to other countries
B. will accelerate global environmental change
C. is not really encouraged by the US government
D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost
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Text 3
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing
—
Amazon has
just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $$13.5bn, but two
years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which
doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and
finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.
Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers
to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even
without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was
enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not
want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May's enemies are currently
plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of
owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it
is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital
economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the
marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too.
Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this
is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their services are
not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them
—
and Facebook
and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other
media and entertainment companies.
The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the
benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they
produce whe
ing to Paragraph1
，
Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its
。
A
．
digital products
B
．
user information
C
．
physical assets
D
．
quality service
32 .Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may
A. worsen political disputes
B. mess up customer records
C. pose a risk to Facebook users
D. mislead the European commission
33. According to the author
，
competition law
A. should serve the new market powers
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B. may worsen the economic imbalance
C. should not provide just one legal solution
D. cannot keep pace with the changing market
34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because
A. they are no defined as customers
B. they are not financially reliable
C. these services are generally digital
D. the services are paid for by advertisers
35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate
A. a win
-
win business model between digital giants
B. a typical competition pattern among digital giants
C. the benefits provided for digital giants' customers
D. the relationship between digital giants and their users