蛮族之王出装-

2021年1月20日发(作者：侯景耀)

2018
年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）

Section I Use of English
Directions
：

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be
painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in
Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people
will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.
In
a
series
of
four
experiments,
behavioral
scientists
at
the
University
of
Chicago
and
the
Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in
an
effort
to
satisfy
curiosity.
For
one
5
each
participant
was
shown
a
pile
of
pens
that
the
researcher
claimed
were
from
a
previous
experiment.
The
twist?Half
of
the
pens
would
6
an
electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-
seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not k
now which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students
who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the s
ound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelte
r,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct
-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-
but sometimes such 13 can insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a pr
ofound thy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who
were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to
17 to see such an results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's
curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-
term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.
t read online comments.

1. A. resolve
2.A. refuse
3.A. rise
4.A. alert
5.A. message
6.A. remove
7. A. Unless
8. A. happen
B. protect
B. wait
B. last
B. tie
B. trial
B. weaken
B. If
B. continue
C. discuss
C. seek
C. mislead
C. expose
C. review
C. deliver
C. Though
C. disappear
D. ignore
D. regret
D. hurt
D .treat
D. concept
D. interrupt
D. When
D. change
1 / 1
9. A. rather than
10. A. disagree
11. A. pay
12.A. begin with
13.A. withdrawal
14.A. self-destructive
15.A. resist
16.A. predict
17. A. remember
18. A. relief
19.A. whether
20. A .limitations



























B. such as
B. forgive
B. marriage
B. rest on
B. inquiry
B. self-reliant
B. define
B. overlook
B. choose
B. plan
B. why
B. investments

C. regardless of
C. forget
C. food
C. learn from
C. persistence
C. self-evident
C. replace
C. design
C. promise
C. outcome
C. where
C. strategies
D. owing to
D. discover
D. schooling
D. lead to
D. diligence
D. self-deceptive
D. trace
D. conceal
D. pretend
D. duty
D. how
D. consequences
1 / 1

Section
Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
（
40 points
）

Text 1
It
is
curious
that
Stephen
Koziatek
feels
almost
as
though
he
has
to
justify
his
efforts to give his students a better future.
ek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire
high
school
where
learning
is
not
something
of
books
and
tests
and
mechanical
memorization,
but
practical.
When
did
it
become
accepted
wisdom
that
students
should
be
able
to
name
the
13th
president
of
the
United
States
but
be
utterly
overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
As
Koziatek
knows,
there
is
learning
in
just
about
everything.
Nothing
is
necessarily
gained
by
forcing
students
to
learn
geometry
at
a
graffitied
desk
stuck
with
generations
of
discarded
chewing
gum.
They
can
also
learn
geometry
by
assembling a bicycle.
But he’s also found a kind of insidi
ous prejudice. Working with your hands is seen
as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have
that stereotype, that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.

On
one
hand,
that
viewpoint
is
a
logical
produ
ct
of
America’s
evolution.
Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the
US
economy
once
offered
to
high
school
graduates
has
largely
evaporated.
More
education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all
-and the subtle devaluing of
anything
less-
misses
an
important
point:
That’s
not
the
only
thing
the
American
economy
needs.
Yes,
a
bachelor’s
degree
opens
more
doors.
But
even
now,
54
percent of the jobs in the country are middle- skill jobs, such as construction and high-
skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
In
other
words,
at
a
time
when
the
working
class
has
turned
the
country
on
its
political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,
one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but
the
workers
who
need
those
jobs
most
aren’t
equipped
to
do
them.
Koziatek’s
Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
Koziatek’s school is a wake
-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it
risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.

21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.

A. mechanical memorization
B. academic training
C. practical ability
D. pioneering spirit
1 / 1

22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.
A. are financially disadvantaged
B. are not academically successful
C. have a stereotyped mind
D. have no career motivation
23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.
A. are entitled to more “educational privileges

B. are reluctant to work in manufacturing
C .used to have more job opportunities
D. used to have big financial concerns
24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all_____.

A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
B. may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
C. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
D. indicates the overvaluing of higher education
25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.

A. supportive
B. disappointed
C. tolerant
D. cautious






Text2
While
fossil
fuels-
coal,
oil,
gas-
still
generate
roughly
85
percent
of
the

world's
energy
supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.
The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more
than half of new power sources going on line.

Some
growth
stems
from
a
commitment
by
governments

and
farsighted
Business
to
fund
cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables,
especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind
turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland,
for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the
rest
of
the
world
takes
the
lead,
notably
China
and
Europe,
the
United
States
is
also
seeing
a
remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10
percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth.
In
a
recent
speech
in
Iowa,
he
dismissed
wind
power
as
an
unreliable
energy
source,
But
that
message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36
percent
of
the
state's
electricity
generation
-
and
where
tech
giants
like
Microsoft
are
being
1 / 1

attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
The question
“what
happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine?
ed a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage-
capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big
bets
on
battery-
powered
electric
vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity
on roads now,
this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.


While
there's
a long way to go,
the trend lines for
renewables are spiking. The
pace of
change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time
to
have
a
meaningful
effect
in
slowing
climate
change.
What Washington does- or
doesn't do-
to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.

26. The word
A. stabilizing
B. changing
C. falling
D. rising
27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America ______

A. is progressing notably
B. is as extensive as in Europe
C. faces many challenges
D. has proved to be impractical

28. It can be learned that in Iowa,
______.
A. wind is a widely used energy source
B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
C. tech giants are investing in clean energy
D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?
A. Its application has boosted battery storage.
B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.
A. will bring the US closer to other countries
B. will accelerate global environmental change
C. is not really encouraged by the US government
D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost



1 / 1




Text 3
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing
—
Amazon has
just
announced
the
purchase
of
the
upmarket
grocery
chain
Whole
Foods
for
$$13.5bn,
but
two
years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which
doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered
Facebook was an intricate and
finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.


Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers
to
Facebook
identities,
but
it
broke
the
promise
almost
as
soon
as
the
deal
went
through. Even
without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was
enormously
revealing
and
still
could
be.
What
political
journalist,
what
party
whip,
would
not
want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in
which Theresa May’s enemies are currently
plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of
owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it
is
clumsy.
For
one
thing,
it
is
very
slow
compared
to
the
pace
of
change
within
the
digital
economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the
marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem,
too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and
this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services
are
not
their
customers.
That
would
be
the
people
who
buy
advertising
from
them
—

and
Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of
all other media and entertainment companies.

The
product
they’re
selling
i
s
data,
and
we,
the
users, convert
our
lives
to
data
for
the
benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they
produce whe


ing to Paragraph1
，
Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its
。

A
．
digital products
B
．
user information
C
．
physical assets
D
．
quality service

32 .Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may
A. worsen political disputes
B. mess up customer records
C. pose a risk to Facebook users
D. mislead the European commission

33. According to the author
，
competition law
A. should serve the new market powers
1 / 1

蛮族之王出装-

蛮族之王出装-

蛮族之王出装-

蛮族之王出装-

蛮族之王出装-

蛮族之王出装-

蛮族之王出装-

蛮族之王出装-