考研英语一真题及答案
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2021年01月20日 09:02
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____
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I
Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered
blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points).
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to
supervise a
series of industrial experiments at a large telephone
-
parts factory called
the
Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop
-
floor
lighting____1____ workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended
____2____
giving their name to the Hawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea
that the
very
to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.
The idea arose because of the ____4____ behavior of the women in the
Hawthorne plant. According to ____5____ of the experiments, their
hourly output
rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did
not ____6____
what was done in the experiment; ____7____something was changed,
productivity
rose. A(n) ____8____ that they were being experimented upon seemed
to be
____9____ to alter workers' behavior ____10____itself.
After several decades, the same data were ____11____ to econometric
the
analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store
____12____the
descriptions on record, no systematic ____13____ was found that levels
of
productivity were related to changes in lighting.
1. [A] affected
[B] achieved
[C] extracted
[D] restored
[B] up
[D] off [C] with
2. [A] at
3. [A] truth
[B] sight
[D] proof [C] act
4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing
[C] mischievous [D] ambiguous
[D] assessments
5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts
6. [A] conclude
[B] matter
[C] indicate
[D] work
[D] so long as
[B] for fear that [C] in case that
7. [A] as far as
1
/
12
8. [A] awareness
[B] expectation [C] sentiment
[D] illusion
[D] abundant
9. [A] suitable
[B] excessive
[C] enough
[D] by
10. [A] about
[C] on
[B] for
[A] contrary to
12. [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to
[C] implication
[B] guidance [D] source
[A] evidence
13.
[D] misleading
[B] enlightening [A] disputable
[C] reliable
14.
[B] For example [D] As usual
15. [A] In contrast
[C] In consequence
[B] accidentally 16.
[C] unpredictably [D] suddenly
[A] duly
[D] continued
[A] failed
17. [B] ceased
[C] started
[A] breaking
[B] climbing 20.
[C] surpassing [D] hitting
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text
by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
(40 points)
Text 1
Of all the changes that have taken place in English
-
language newspapers
during
the past quarter
-
century, perhaps the most far
-
reaching has been the
inexorable
decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under
the age of
forty to imagine a time when high
-
quality arts criticism could be found in
most big
-
city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most
significant collections of
criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of
newspaper reviews.
To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned
contents were
once deemed suitable for publication in general
-
circulation dailies.
2
/
12
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews
published
in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World
War II, at a
time when newsprint was dirt
-
cheap and stylish arts criticism was
considered an
ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far
-
off days,
it was taken
for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at
length about
the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those
reviewers
who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest
Newman, could
be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in
journalism as a
calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.
“
So few
authors have
brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in
journalism,
”
Newman wrote,
“
that I am tempted to define
‘
journalism' as
‘
a term
of contempt
applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.'
”
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who
wrote for
the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in
1975, is now
known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his
lifetime, though,
he was also one of England's foremost classical
-
music critics, a stylist so
widely
admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best
-
seller. He was
knighted in
1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is
now in print,
and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The
prospect
seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,
and
postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian
prose in
which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism
has been in
headlong retreat.
21.
It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big
-
city newspapers.
[B] English
-
language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.
[C] high
-
quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.
[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.
3
/
12
22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were
characterized by
[A] free themes.
[B] casual style.
[C] elaborate layout.
[D] radical
viewpoints.
23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably
agree
on?
[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals
[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
24.
[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.
[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.
[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.
[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.
25.
What would be the best title for the text?
[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days
[B] The Lost Horizon in
Newspapers
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism
[D] Prominent Critics in
Memory
Text 2
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in
the
energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that
the case
would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel
of three,
and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should
econsider its state
street Bank ruling.
26.
Business
-
method patents have recently aroused concern because of
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[A] their limited value to business
[B] their connection
with asset
allocation
[C] the possible restriction on their granting
[D] the controversy over
authorization
27.
Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?
[B] It involves a very big business transaction
[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit
[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.
28.
The word about
-
face (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means
[A] loss of good will
[B] increase of hostility
[C] change of attitude
[D] enhancement of dignity
29.
We learn from the last two paragraphs that business
-
method patents
[A] are immune to legal challenges
[B] are often unnecessarily
issued
[C] lower the esteem for patent holders
[D] increase the incidence
of risks
30.
Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
[A] A looming threat to business
-
method patents
[B] Protection for business
-
method patent holders
[C] A legal case regarding business
-
method patents
[D] A prevailing trend against business
-
method patents
Text 3
The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social
influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey
—
whose outsize
presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence
—
even the
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most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that
many
others. Yet it is precisely these non
-
celebrity influentials who, according
to the two
-
step
-
flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by
influencing their friends
and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each
person so
affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in
turn
influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to
each of these
people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network
just two
degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example
from the
initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change
won't propagate
very far or affect many people.
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the
researchers
studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables
relating of
populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's
ability to
influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows
that the
牰 湩楣慰
?
敲畱物浥湥
?
潦
?
桷瑡眠
?
慣汬 尠汧扯污挠獡慣敤屳–
the
widespread