春季吃什么-

2021年1月20日发(作者：袁垌)




1994
—
2017
年

历年考研英语真题集含答案

















































































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2017
年考研英语一试题及答案解析

Section
Ⅰ
Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,
C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)


Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding
（
1
）
helping you feel close and _____
（
2
）
to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a
_____
（
3
）
of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might
even help you _____
（
4
）
getting sick this winter.
In a recent study _____
（
5
）
over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University
in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____
（
6
）
the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____
（
7
）
to the
virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____
（
8
）
with a cold,
and the researchers_____
（
9
）
that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____
（
10
）
about 32
percent
of
that
beneficial
effect.
_____
（
11
）
among
those
who
got
a
cold,
the
ones
who
felt
greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____
（
12
）
.

（
13
）
risk for colds that's usually
_____
（
14
）
with stress,
is a marker of intimacy and help _____
（
15
）
the feeling that others are there to help_____
（
16
）
difficulty.
Some experts_____
（
17
）
the stress- reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of
oxytocin, often called
（
18
）
it promotes attachment in relationships,
including
that
between
mothers
and
their
newborn
babies.
Oxytocin
is
made
primarily
in
the
central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it
_____
（
19
）
in the brain, where it _____
（
20
）
mood, behavior and physiology.
1. A
．
Besides B
．
Unlike
C
．
Throughout
D
．
Despite
2. A
．
equal

B
．
restricted
C
．
connected D
．
inferior
3. A
．
view
B
．
host
C
．
lesson


D
．
choice
4. A
．
avoid


B
．
forget
C
．
recall
D
．
keep
5. A
．
collecting
B
．
affecting
C
．
guiding
D
．
involving
6. A
．
on B
．
in
C
．
at
D
．
of
7. A
．
devoted B
．
attracted
C
．
lost
D
．
exposed
8. A
．
along
B
．
across
C
．
down
D
．
out
9. A
．
imagined
B
．
denied
C
．
doubted
D
．
calculated
10.A
．
served
B
．
restored
C
．
explained
D
．
required
11.A
．
Thus
B
．
Still
C
．
Rather
D
．
Even
12.A
．
defeats B
．
symptoms C
．
errorsD
．
tests
13.A
．
highlighted
B
．
increased
C
．
controlled D
．
minimized
14.A
．
presented
B
．
equipped
C
．
associated D
．
compared
15.A
．
assess
B
．
generate
C
．
moderate
D
．
record
16. A
．
in the name of
B
．
in the form of

C
．
in the face of

17.A
．
attribute

B
．
commit


C
．
transfer


D
．
in the way of
D
．
return



















































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18.A
．
unless


B
．
because


C
．
though


D
．
until
19.A
．
remains

B
．
emerges


C
．
vanishes


D
．
decreases
20.A
．
experiences
B
．
combines


C
．
justifies


D
．
influences

1A
．
Besid esB
．
UnlikeC
．
ThroughoutD
．
De spite
【答案】
A
【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，
“
it turns out that hugs…
”说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，前文的逻辑
关系 应该为“除此以外”
，结合选项，
A
．
Besides
（除此之外） 最为合适。


2A
．
equalB
．
restr ictedC
．
connectedD
．
inferior
【答案】
C
【解析】本题实为逻辑关系题。根据句子前后结构“
helping you feel close and _____
（
2
）
”
，我们可以判
断 ，由于空格处与前面内容通过
and
连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与
feel
close
同义，并且要与后面
介词
to
连用。因此，通过对于四 个选项含义判断，
C
选项有“关联的”含义最为符合。


3A．
viewB
．
hostC
．
lessonD
．
choice
【答案】
B
【解析】此题为固定搭配。
“
a host of
”表示大量的。其他选项搭配不合理。


4A
．< br>avoidB
．
forgetC
．
recallD
．
keep
【答案】
A
【解析】根据题干信息“
a warm embrace might even help you _____
（
4
）
getting sick this winter.< br>”中，出
现“
even
”
，表示“甚至”
，说明此句话与上一 句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可
以带来大量的好处”
，
因此，
这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。
根据四个选项含义，
A
．
avoid
（避免）
B
．
forget
（忘记）
C
．
recall
（回忆）
D
．
keep
（保持）
，
A
选项“避免生病”最符合文意。


5A
．
collect ingB
．
affectingC
．
guidingD
．
i nvolving
【答案】
D
【解析】本题考查现在分词做后置定语，需要选择一 个现在分词修饰前面的“
study
”
，因此，结合四个
选项
A．
collecting
（收集）
B
．
affecting（影响）
C
．
guiding(
引导
)D
．
i nvolving
（涉及、卷入）
，根据句
子含义，应该表达“关于涉及
40 0
人”的研究。因此正确选项应为
D

6A
．
onB．
inC
．
atD
．
of
【答案】
A
【解析】本题为固定搭配。根据句义“
examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of
hugs_____
（
6
）
the participants'…
”考查固定搭配“
examined the effects…on sth
”因此，本题正确选项为
A
。

< br>7A
．
devotedB
．
attractedC
．
lostD
．
exposed
【答案】
D
【解析】根据句义“
common cold after being_____
（
7
）
to the virus.
”
“通常感冒是在。
。
。细菌之后发生
的。
”结合选项含义
A
．
devoted
（致力于）
B
．
attracted
（ 吸引）
C
．
lost
（丢失）
D
．
exposed (
暴露于
)
，
D
选项“暴露在细菌中
…‖
符合文意 。


8A
．
alongB
．
acrossC．
downD
．
out



















































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【答案】
C
【解析】
本题为固定搭配。
A
．
come along with(
和。
。
。
相处的好
)B
．
come across with
（偿付）
C
．
come down
with
（得病，感染）
D
．
come out with
（出版，提出）
，结合语境，根据后面与
cold
（感冒）搭配，
C
选
项“得感冒”搭配最为合理。


9A
．
imagine dB
．
deniedC
．
doubtedD
．
calcul ated
【答案】
D
【解析】本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题。根据原文“
the researchers_____
（
9
）
that the stress-reducing
effects of hugging_____
（
10
）
about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.
”动作的主语是“研究人员”
，连接
后面的宾语从句
“拥抱减小压力的作用”
，
并且有数据支撑。
从选项 含义
A
．
imagined
（想像）
B
．
deni ed
（否认）
C
．
doubted
（怀疑）
D
．< br>calculated
（计算，推测）来看，宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测
出的结 果。因此，选项
D
符合要求。


10A
．
ser vedB
．
restoredC
．
explainedD
．
required
【答案】
C
【解析】
本题为动词含义考查。
根据文章内容，
“
the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____
（
10
）
about 32
percent of that beneficial effect.
”
本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果，
因此，
结合选项含义
A
．
served
（服务）
B
．
restored
（存储）
C
．
explained（解释）
D
．
required
（要求）
，
C
选项“解释”符合语境要求。


11A
．
ThusB
．< br>StillC
．
RatherD
．
Even
【答案】
D
【解析】
本题为逻辑关系题。
A
．
T hus
（因此，
表示因果关系）
B
．
Still
（仍然，< br>表示强调关系）
C
．
Rather
（相反，表示对比关系）
D
．
Even
（甚至，表示递进关系）根据文章上下文逻辑，下文是对上文做进一
步说明，因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系。
D
为正确选项。


12A
．
defeatsB
．
symptomsC
．
er rorsD
．
tests
【答案】
B
【解析】形容词与名词搭配问题。根据语境“
the
ones
who
felt
greater
social
support
and
received
more
frequent hugs had less severe_____
（
12
）
”所选词要与
severe
构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对于
拥抱实验的结果。因此，
B< br>．
symptoms(
症状
)
符合语境要求。正确选项为
B< br>。


13A
．
highlightedB
．
increasedC
．
controlledD
．
minimized
【答案】
B
【解析】本题为形容词修饰。根据原文

（
13
）
risk
for
colds
that's
usually
_____
（
14
）
with
stress,
， 需要选择一个形容词来修饰
risk
。在选项中，
A
．
highli ghted
（突出的）
B
．
increased
（增加的）
C
．
controlled
（被控制的）
D
．
minimi zed
（最小的）
，
对比选项含义，
B
“增加的风险”更符合原文语 境。


14A
．
presentedB
．
equ ippedC
．
associatedD
．
compared
【答案】
C
【解析】
此题为固定搭配题。
A
和
B
选项不可以和
with
连接。
C
．
associated
可以和
with
连接，
意为
“与。
。
。
有 关联”
。
D
．
compared
和
with
连接表 示“和。
。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本题正确选项为
C.

15A< br>．
assessB
．
generateC
．
moderate D
．
record
【答案】
B



















































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【解析】
此题考查动宾搭配。
根据原文
“
Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _____
（
15
）
the feeli
ng…
”
，
需要选择一个动词能够和后文的“
the f eeling
”搭配。分析选项含义：
A
．
assess
（评估）< br>B
．
generate
（产
生）
C
．
mod erate
（缓和）
D
．
record
（记录）
，四个选项 中，
B
“
generate the feeling
”产生感觉搭配最为
合理。因此正选为
B
。


16A
．
in the name ofB
．
in the form ofC
．
in the face ofD
．
in the way of
【答案】
C
【解析】此题为短语搭配题。分析选项含义
A
．
in the name of
（以
…
为名）
B
．
in the form of
（以
…
的形
式）
C
．
in the face of
（面对
…
）
D
．
in the way of
（以
…
的方式）
，结合文章语境，应为“面对困难”搭
配最为合理。因此，正 确选项为
C
。


17A
．
attributeB
．
commitC
．
transferD
．
return
【答案】
A
【解析】此题为固定搭配题。即：
attribute sth to sth .
因此正确选项为
A

18A
．
unle ssB
．
becauseC
．
thoughD
．
until
【答案】
B
【解析】
此题为逻辑关系题。
选项含义
A．
unless
（除非）
B
．
because
（因为）
C
．
though
（虽然）
D
．
until
（直到。
。
。才）
。结合原文语境，
“
often called
（
18
）
it promotes attachment in
relationships,
”
（经常被称之为“形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙”
….它促进了关系的依赖。
）从本句来看，前后
文属于因果逻辑关系。因此正确选项为
B

19A
．
remainsB
．
emergesC．
vanishesD
．
decreases
【答案】
A < br>【解析】
本题为动词辨析。
选项含义为
A
．
remains< br>（
仍然）
B
．
emerges
（
出现）
C< br>．
vanishes
（
消失）
D
．
decrease s
（减少）
结合语境信息
“
But some of it _____
（
19
）
in the brain,
”
C
和
D
选项跟文章含义相反。
而
B
选
项只表示一种动作。
A
选项表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正确选项 为
A
。

where it _____
（
20
）
mood, behavior and physiology.

20A
．
experiencesB
．
combinesC
．
justifiesD
．
influence s
【答案】
D
【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为
A
．
experiences
（经历）
B
．
combines
（结合）
C
．
justifies
（替某
人辩护，证明合理）
D．
influences
（影响）
。根据原文语境，
“
wher e
it
_____
（
20
）
mood,
behavior
and
physiology.
”
能够搭配后 面并列的三个宾语
“情绪、
行为、
和生理”
，
只有
D
“影响”
因此正确选项为
D
。


Section
Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
（
40 points
）

Text 1

First two hours, now three hours
—
this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people
show
up
to
catch
a
domestic
flight,
at
least
at
some
major
U.S.
airports
with
increasingly
massive



















































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security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The
crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides
another
tragic
reminder
of
why.
But
demanding
too
much
of
air
travelers
or
providing
too
little
security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on
Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover
investigators were able to sneak weapons
—
both fake and real
—
past airport security nearly every
time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to
the
improving
economy
and
low
oil
prices,
have
resulted
in
long
waits
at
major
airports
such
as
Chicago's
O'Hare
International.
It
is
not
yet
clear
how
much
more
effective
airline
security
has
become
—
but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the
TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so
much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their
carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:
Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and
the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This
allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA
wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $$85
every
five
years
to
process
their
background
checks.
Since
the
beginning,
this
price
tag
has
been
PreCheck's
fatal
flaw.
Upcoming
reforms
might
bring
the
price
to
a
more
reasonable
level.
But
Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs
in other ways.
The
TSA
cannot
continue
diverting
resources
into
underused
PreCheck
lanes
while
most
of
the
traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.

21.

The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A] explain American‘s tolerance of current security checks.

[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.

22.

Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travellers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.

23.

The word ―expedited‖ (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to

[A] quieter.
[B] cheaper.
[C] wider.



















































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[D] faster.

24. One problem with the PreCheck program is
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C] the government‘s reluct
ance to back it.
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck
–
a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

答案：
21-25 ACDDC




21.
答案【
A
】
explain American
‘
s tolerance of current security checks.
解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词
the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804
定
位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所 要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此
该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人 愿意忍受长时间的安全检查。正确
答案
A
的
American
‘s tolerance
是原文
Americans are willing to tolerate
的原词复现，
current security
checks
是原文的
time-consuming security
的同义转化。干扰项
B
的
urgency to strengthen security
worldwide
，原文未提及
worldwide
， 属于扩大范围；选项
C
的
major U.S. major airports
属于具
体信息的干扰；选项
D
的
privacy
隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。





22.
答案【
C
】
An increase in the number of travelers.

解析：
本题目为原因细节题。
根据题干中的
long waits at major airports
定位到原文第三段的第二
句，原文的
resulted in
与题干中的
contributed to
是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升 的安全措
施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案
C
的
an increase in the number of travelers
是原文
a rise in
airline travel
的同义替换。
干扰项
A
的
carry-on bags
是在第四段的最后一句出现的，
非定位句内
容；选项
B
的
T SA efficiency
也出现在第四段；选项
D
的
unexpected secret checks
未提及。





23.
答案【
D
】
faster.
解析：
本题 目为词义句意题，
考察上下文逻辑关系。
根据题干，
定位到第
5
段第
3
句，
“
Passengers
who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes
”，结合下一句中的这样
会
saving time for everyone involved
，即可以节省时间的安检，与选项对应就是答案
D faster
更
快。干扰项
A
更安静，选项
B
更便宜，选项
C
更广 泛，都无关，属于常识性干扰。





24.
答案【
D
】
an unreasonable price for enrollment.
解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干关键词
problem with the PreCheck program
定位到倒数第
二段的第二句话

this price tag has been the PreCheck
‘
s fatal flaw.
本句中的代词
this
代词指代本段
第一句话，说的 是
Passengers
必须每五年
pay 85
美元来做
background checks
。正确答案
D
中的
unreasonable price < br>是原文的
85
美元，
enrollment
就是原文的
pro cess background checks
。干扰项
A
其规模的极具下滑未提及 ，选项
C
其错误的执行属于过度推理，选项
C
政府不愿意支持是对
原 文的曲解。





25.
答案【
C
】
Getting Stuck in Security Lines
解析：本题目为全文主旨题。全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围。第一段介绍 事
实背景，第二段首句提及了美国人对于安全检查方面的状况，并在下文提及了所出现的问题。



















































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正确答案< br>C
安检流程线陷入困境是对原文的总结概括。干扰项
A
的
Screen ing
是原文的具体细
节，选项
B
和选项
D
的
P reCheck
是原文最后三段的内容。


Text 2
―The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,‖ wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch,
in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not
well
with
astronomy
in
Hawaii
today.
Protests
have
erupted
over
construction
of
the
Thirty
Meter
Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At
issue
is
the
TMT's
planned
location
on
Mauna
Kea,
a
dormant
volcano
worshiped
by
some
Hawaiians
as
the
piko,
that
connects
the
Hawaiian
Islands
to
the
heavens.
But
Mauna
Kea
is
also
home
to
some
of
the
world's
most
powerful
telescopes.
Rested
in
the
Pacific
Ocean,
Mauna
Kea's
peak
rises
above
the
bulk
of
our
planet's
dense
atmosphere,
where
conditions
allow
telescopes
to
obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and
environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder
of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some
blame
for
the
current
controversy
belongs
to
astronomers.
In
their
eagerness
to
build
bigger
telescopes,
they
forgot
that
science
is
not
the
only
way
of
understanding
the
world.
They
did
not
always
prioritize
the
protection
of
Mauna
Kea's
fragile
ecosystems
or
its
holiness
to
the
islands'
inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past
；

it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance
today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same
curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores
inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea
or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to
answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is
why
we
explore
the
starry
skies,
as
if
answering
a
primal
calling
to
know
ourselves
and
our
true
ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site
was chosen to minimize the telescope‘s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and
environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at
the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone
cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalani‘s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her appreciation of star watchers‘ feats in her time.


27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical features.
[B] its protective surroundings.
[C] its religious implications.
[D] its existing infrastructure.



















































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28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today‘s astronomy

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians‘ hostility.


30. The author‘s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of

[A] severe criticism.
[B] passive acceptance.
[C] slight hesitancy.
[D] full approval.

答案：
26-30 BABCD




26.
答案【
B
】
the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
解析：
本题目为具体细节题。
根据题干中的关键词
Queen Liliuo kalani
的
remark
定位到第一段的
第一句，所
indic ate
的内容是在第一段的第二句话，意思是观星者是在
Hawaiian
社会中最受 尊
重的成员。正确选项
B
的
the importance of astronomy
是原文
star watchers were among the most
esteemed
members
的总结概括，
in
ancient
Hawaiian
society
是原文的原词出现。干 扰项
A
的
historical role
属于原文信息的曲解，选项
C
的
regrettable decline
未提及，过度推理，选项
D
不
是
in her time
，是她评论
ancient
的观星者。





27.
答案【
A
】
its geographical features.

解析：
本题目为具体细节题。
根据题干中的大写字母
Mauna Kea
，
以及关键词
ideal astronomical
site定位到第二段
But
后面的内容。
But
后面说
Mauna < br>Kea
是世界上最有力量的望远镜
home
。
本题目问的是原因，定位 到本段最后一句，这里提到
Mauna Kea
的顶峰高于大部分的浓密大气
层。选项
A
中的
geographical features
就是地质特色 的意思，
属于同义替换。
干扰项
B
的受保护
的周边环境未提及，是常 识性干扰；选项
C
的宗教暗示根据本段首句
worship
进行干扰，不在< br>定位句里；选项
D
现有的基础设施未提及。





28.
答案【
B
】
it reminds them of a humiliating history.
解析：
本题目属于原因细节题。
根据题干关键词
the construction of the TMT
以及
opposed by some
locals
定位到第四段第二句，这里提到
a
painful
reminder
of
the
occupation
of
what
was
once
a
sovereign nation
，对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。选项
B
中的
remind
是原文的原词复现，
a humiliating history
（令人耻辱的历史）
是对
the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation
的
同义转化及总结概括。





29.
答案【
C
】
may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
解析：本题目属于细节推断题。根据题干 定位到第
5
段，关键词
progress
in
today
‘
s
astronomy
再第五段中没有。此种情况下 ，考虑段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及转这句。先看首句无答
案，看本段尾句提到，或许那就是我们探 索星际空间的原因，好像会回答有关我们自己及我们
真正祖先的最原始回答。
选项
C< br>首先
may
是对原文
as if
的解读，
uncover
同义替换
answer
，
the



















































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origin of Hawaiian culture
是原文
ourselves and our true ancestral homes
的同义转化。干扰项
A
的
dreams
本段中没有，干扰项
B
的
Hawaiian culture
本段有提及，但未指出
across the world
，干扰
项
D
的
soften hostility
属于过度推断。

30.
答案【
D
】
full approval
解析：第一段第二句

Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.
意思是，可悲的是，夏
威夷现在的天 文学不太妙。所以，对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的处境，作者用了一个
sadly
来形容，明 明白白地表达了他的蓝瘦香菇。而夏威夷现在不太妙的处境具体指什么？在下一句
清楚地说明了
Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant
observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos
意思是我们要搞个巨牛的
望远 镜，你们居然不同意！所以两句结合一块，作者的态度就明白了，他是支持建望远镜的。
在最后一段的最 后一句里也有作者态度的线索

There
is
no
reason
why
everyone
cannot
be
welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.
意思是说有 人跑到
你们那儿去，接受你们的文化遗产，去看星星看月亮，你们为毛不欢迎？咳咳，正经点儿说，就是用了
no reason
和
cannot
双重否定既强调又强调，< br>还带点儿不可置信地赶脚说夏威夷人应该
欢迎每一个到他们那儿去研究天文，并且欣赏他们的文化 遗产
cultural
heritage
的每一个人
everyone。具体到这篇文章，他们的文化遗产在第五段和第一段都有说，就是天文研究，而每
一个人当然应该 包括这些想建天文望远镜的人。所以作者的态度旗帜鲜明，就是全力支持。所
以正确答案是
D< br>。


Text 3
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures ―everything except that which makes life
worthwhile.‖ With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as
a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The
question
of
GDP
and
its
usefulness
has
annoyed
policymakers
for
over
half
a
century.
Many
argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By
most
recent
measures,
the
UK‘s
GDP
has
been
the
envy
of
the
Western
world,
with
record
low
unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million
people
vote
for
Brexit,
despite
the
warnings
about
what
it
could
do
to
their
country‘s
economic
prospects?

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light
on
that
question.
Across
the
163
countries
measured,
the
UK
is
one
of
the
poorest
performers
in
ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than
just
focusing
on
GDP,
over
40
different
sets
of
criteria
from
health,
education
and
civil
society
engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes,
there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas
such as health and edu
cation, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn‘t the case with
all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures
including civil society, income equality and environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of
a country‘s success, the world looks very different.

So
what
Kennedy
was
referring
to
was
that
while
GDP
has
been
the
most
common
method
for
measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include
important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes
–
all things that contribute to a
person's sense of well-being.


















































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The
sharp
hit
to
growth
predicted
around
the
world
and
in
the
UK
could
lead
to
a
decline
in
the
everyday
services
we
depend
on
for
our
well-being
and
for
growth. But policymakers
who
refocus
efforts
on
improving
well-being
rather
than
simply
worrying
about
GDP
figures
could
avoid
the
forecasted doom and may even see progress.


31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he
[A]praised the UK for its GDP.
[B]identified GDP with happiness.
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.
[D]had a low opinion of GDP.

32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.
[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.
[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.
[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.

33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?
[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.
[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.
[C]Its criteria are questionable.
[D]Its results are enlightening.

34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that
[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.
[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.
[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.
[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.

35. Which of the following is the best for the text?
[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson
[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health
[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP
[D]Brexit, the UK‘s Gateway to Well
-being

答案：
31-35 DCDCA
31.
答案【
D
】
had a low opinion of GDP.
解析：题目问的是
Robert
被引用是因为什么。根据题目中的人名定位 到第一段第一句话
Robert
F.
Kennedy once
said that a country's GDP measures ―everything except that which makes life worthwhile.‖
这句
话是说这个人认为一个国家的
GDP
可以衡量所有东西，
除了让生活有意义的事。< br>这个观点摆明了
Robert
对
GDP
持不欣赏的态度。
D< br>选项

a low opinion
不高的评价，显然是对原文的概括性描述，因此选
D
。






32.
答案【
C
】
GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.
解析：题目明确说了从第二段中找答案。
A
选项中的
economic pattern
在原文中没有直接的表达，但在
二段末句·
·
·
people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country‘s economic


















































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prosp ects?
中，原文有提到人们投票脱欧，尽管有很多人警告他们这样做可能会对国家经济前景有影响。
这说明英国人不怕改变现有经济状况，因此与
A
中的
reluctant不情愿不相符。
B
选项中英国对世界经
济的贡献问题，
在第二段中完全没 提，
只有
the UK‘s GDP has been the envy of the Western world
英国
GDP
让西方世界嫉妒的表述。
C
选项说
GDP
用来衡量幸福的作用以及被英国人普遍否定了。原文中第二段
第二句说< br>it
is
a
flawed
concept
，认为
GDP
是有问题的，第三句紧接着说
It
measures
things
that
do
not
matter and misses things that do
表面
GDP< br>其实忽视了很多关键的东西，并不能衡量幸福。第四句、第五
句拿
UK
来举例， 说英国
GDP
很好，但是人们却要脱欧来改变现状，暗示人们的生活并不好。整段说
明 了英国人并不认为他们的高
GDP
给她们带来了好的生活，
与
C
选项 正好形成正话反说，
为正确选项。
D
选项
policymakers
在第二段第一句出现，并不存在所谓英国的
policymakers
，更没有谈过其是否关注
GDP
。


33.
答案【
D
】
Its results are enlightening.
解析：
这题根据题干中的
recent annual study
定位到第三段第一句
A recent annual study ...and ...sheds some
light on that question
。这句话中的
shed light on
短语就是照亮，阐释的 意思，跟
D
选项中的
enlighten
启
发是同义转换，因此为正 确答案。


34
．答案【
C
】
it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.
解析

：从题目可知答案来自于最后两段。第六段第一句·
·
·
,
as a
measure,
it is
no
longer
enough
说明
GDP
不靠谱，
第二句
It does not include important factors
·
·
·
that contribute to a person's sense of well-being
说明
GDP
没有包含所 有个人幸福的要素。最后一段最后一句
But
policymakers
who
refocus
efforts
on
improving
well-being
rather
than
simply
worrying
about
GDP
figures could avoid
the
forecasted
doom
and
may even see progress.
也明确说了制定政策的人要关注提高福利，< br>而不是简单关注
GDP
数字。这些句子
都与
C
选项
f actors beyond GDP
相符。


35.
答案【
A
】
High GDP But Inadequate Well- being, a UK lesson
解析：
第一段第一句就引用名人名言，
说< br>GDP
是不靠谱的，
第二句就拿英国脱欧举例，
说
it is now a timely
moment to assess what he was referring to
，
表明英国脱欧证明他说得有道理，
咱们要好好听听。第二段继
续说英国
GDP
高，但是人们要搞事——脱欧，说明人们日子不好过。第 三段，第四段开始分析为啥英
国人不乖乖听话过日子，原来是福利在后退
but
in
key
indicators
in
areas
such
as
health
and
education,
major economies have continued to decline
。第五段直接说富裕国家要引以为戒：
This is a lesson that rich
countries can learn
。
所以整篇文章的主 题就是
GDP
不靠谱，
福利不给力不行，
英国脱欧是例证。
A
选项
正好包括了这三个要素，
High GDP, Inadequate Well- being
和
a UK lesson
因此选
A
。


Text 4
In
a
rare
unanimous
ruling,
the
US
Supreme
Court
has
overturned
the
corruption
conviction
of
a
former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his
conduct,
which
included
accepting
gifts
such
as
a
Rolex
watch
and
a
Ferrari
Automobile
from
a
company seeking access to government.
The high court‘s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell‘s trail failed to tell a jury
that it must look
only
at
his
―official
acts,‖
or
the
former
governor‘s
decisions
on
―specific‖
and
―unsettled‖
issues
related to his duties.

Merely
helping
a
gift-giver
gain
access
to
other
officials,
unless
done
with
clear
intent
to
pressure
those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is ―distasteful‖ and ―nasty.‖
But under anti- bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract


















































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or regu
lation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an ―official
act.‖

The court‘s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders
must
be
allowed
to
help
supporters
deal
with
bureaucratic
problems
without
fear
of
prosecution
of
bribery. ―The basic compact underlying representative government,‖ wrote Chief Justice John Roberts
for
the
court,
―assumes
that
public
officials
will
hear
from
their
constituents
and
act
on
their
concern
s.‖

But
the
ruling
reinforces
the
need
for
citizens
and
their
elected
representatives,
not
the
courts,
to
ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing
information
or
in
arranging
meetings
simply
because
an
individual
or
group
provides
a
campaign
donation
or
a
personal
gift.
This
type
of
integrity
requires
will-enforced
laws
in
government
transparency,
such
as
records
of
official
meetings,
rules
on
lobbying,
and
information
about
each
elected leader‘s
source of wealth.
Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption.
Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the
wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society
–
that all are equal in
treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent
worth of each individual.
The court‘s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against b
oth corruption and official favoritism.

36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court
[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell‘s duties.

[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.
[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell‘s condu
ct.
[D] refused to comment on McDonnell‘s ethics.


37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves
[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.
[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.
[C] leaking secrets intentionally.
[D] breaking contracts officially.

38. The court‘s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are

[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.
[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

39. Well- enforced laws in government transparency are needed to
[A] awaken the conscience of officials.
[B] guarantee fair play in official access.
[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.
[D] inspire hopes in average people.

40. The author‘s attitude toward the court‘s ruling is



















































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[A] sarcastic.
[B] tolerant.
[C] skeptical.
[D] supportive.

答案：
36-40 CBABD




36.
答案【
C
】
was contemptuous of McDonnell
‘
s conduct.
解析：根据题干中的关键词
The underlined sentence (para. 1)
，可以快速的回到原文精确定位到第一段的
划线句子，
But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such
as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seekingaccess to government.
联系文章第一句
话，虽然最高法院没有判定
Robert McDonnell
受贿罪，但是

holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,
即，在道德上却对他的行为嗤之以鼻。由此可以锁定
C
选项中的

was contemptuous of
法院其实非常轻
视
Robert McDonnell
的行为。文章的
D
选项中出现

ethics< br>，原文中相同的词，可能会混淆考生的思维，
但是，此句话说的是拒绝从道德的标准评论
Robert McDonnell
的行为。






37.
答案【
B
】
sizable gains in the form of gifts.
解析：
根据题干中给出的信息，
可知这一题 是对文章第四段理解，
由第四段推理出正确答案。
从第四段
But
under
anti-bribery
laws,
proof
must
be
made
of
concrete
benefits,
such
as
approval
of
a
contract
or
regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is
not an ―official act.‖
可以
知道，对腐败的定义是，只有受贿者给予了行贿者实际的好处，例如

a contract or regulation,
如果提供
的不是具体的好处，仅仅只是：
arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event,
那么这种行
为就不是受贿。由此可以得出答案为
A.





38.
答案【
A
】
allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
解析：根据题干中的关键词
The court‘s ruling is don the assumption
可以锁定文章的第五段，
―The basic
compact underlying representative government,‖ wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, ―assumes that
public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concern
s.‖
可以知道，法院的裁定是建立听
取其选民的意见，按照他们的利益行事。所以原文中的
constituents
对应
A
选项的

supporters
，支持者。
所以答案选择
A





39.
答案【
B
】
guarantee fair play in official access.
解析：根据题干中的关键词
Well-enforced
laws
in
government
transparency
可以锁定文章的第六段
This
type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings,
rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader‘s source of wealth.
但是从这句话中找不到所需
的信息，从
this
type
of
可以知道这句话与前面的句子联系紧密，因而可以追溯到这一段的第一句话，
Bu t
the
ruling
reinforces
the
need
for
citizens
and
their
elected
representatives,
not
the
courts,
to
ensure
equality of access to government.
执法力度需要加强市民及其当选代表，
而不是 法院获得接近政府的平等
的机会。
equality
与
B
选项的fair play
相对应，因此选
B.





40.
答案【
D
】
supportive.
解析：本题考察的是态度题，从文中最后一句话
:
The court‘s ruling is a step forward in the s
truggle against
both corruption and official favoritism.
可以看出作者认为法院的裁定是进步的：

a step forward
，，因此可
以看出作者对此的态度是
supportive. sarcastic:
尖酸的，挖苦的；
tolerant
：宽容的，容忍的；skeptical
：
怀疑的。




















































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Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are
required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G
and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B andD have been correctly placed.
Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.
（
10 points
）



[A] The first published sketch,
in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name
inThe Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.
[B]
The
runaway
success
of
The Pickwick Papers,
as
it
is
generally
known
today,
secured
Dickens's
fame.
There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a
national figure.
[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly
installments,
as
a
backdrop
for
a
series
of
woodcuts
by
the
then-famous
artist
Robert
Seymour,
who
had
originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's
pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to
correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his
backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on
with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836
and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.
[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th
century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that
capture the panorama of English society.
[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught
himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the
same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or
odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.
[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy
Pay
office
--
a
respectable
position,
but
with
little
social
status.
His
paternal
grandparents,
a
steward
and a
housekeeper,
possessed
even
less
status,
having
been
servants,
and
's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet
two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return.
The
family's
increasing
poverty
forced
Dickens
out
of
school
at
age
12
to
work
in
Warren's
Blacking
Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as
father
was
then
imprisoned
for
debt.
The
humiliations
of
his
father's
imprisonment
and
his
labor
in
the
blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest could not confide them
even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. InOliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from
theworkhouse to the criminal slums of London. NicholasNickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of


















































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Oliver
Twist
with
the
sunlight
of
Pickwick.
The
popularity
of
thesenovels
consolidated
Dickens'
as
a
nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

41.
【答案】
F
【解析】排序题关键是收尾相接，要紧紧牢记大纲的考点 “一致性和衔接性”。也就是要想选出下一题
首先要确定上段的尾句在说什么，做到上一段的尾句和要选 择的段落首句衔接。
41
题取决于给出的首
段
D
选线。
D< br>选项起到统领全文的作用，主要对狄更斯进以及他的作品进行了总体的评价和概括：狄
更斯对于大 多数人来说是英国知名的、伟大的小说家，他是一名道德家、讽刺家以及社会先驱者，
他的
小说 情节曲折、
人物性格鲜明，
捕捉到了英国社会的全景。那么对于这类人物自传式的文章，
后面会先
减少其生平。
纵观各选项，
不难发现
F
选项首句出现Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern
coast
，各位考生要把握
was born
出生这个关键词。因此，
41
题选择
F
选项。


42.
【答案】
E
【解析】要想做出
42
题， 关键是理解
41
题
F
选项，尤其是
F
选项的后面一部分。我 们认真研读
F
选
项的后半段一直在介绍狄更斯童年经历中他父亲所起到的作用，介绍他 的父亲由于债务被关进了监狱，
这给狄更斯带了羞耻感以及后面他在黑工厂做工的经历对他性格的行程都 起到了很大的作用。
于是我们
浏览各选项首句，
发现
E
选项开头Soon after his father's release from prison
，
出现了很关键的线索词，
即
他的父亲被释放后，因此
E
可以接在4
题
F
选项的后面。所以，
42
题选择
E
选项 。


43.
【答案】
A
【解析】
43
题取决于
42
题
E
选型的尾句，
E
选项的前半句说狄更斯找 到了一份文职的工作，最后一句
是
At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything
comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines
， 大概意思说他开始用语言记录周围的人和生
活，尤其是幽默的和奇怪的，形成了一些杂志
mag azine
中基本的素材梗概
sketches
，浏览各选项的首
句，很容易发现
A
选项的首句
The first published sketch,
eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,
考生会发现复现
词
magazine
和
ske tches
。因此，
42
题选择
A
选项。


44.
【答案】
C
【解析】
44
题取决于
43< br>题
A
选项的尾句，
A
选项的尾句说道狄更斯用

这个笔 名开始发表文章，
并且小有名气，浏览各选项首句，会发现
C
选项的首句出现了
Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared
，这
里我们会 发现他的笔名，原词复现，因此，
44
题选择
C
选项。


45.
【答案】
G
【解析】
45
题还剩最后一个选项G
，
我们要验证一下
G
选项是否适合放在最后一段，
用什么来验 证呢？
利用给定的上一段
B
选项。取决于
B
选项的尾句，看其是否能 与
G
选项的首句衔接。
B
选项的尾句在
讲狄更斯说的成功，以及他的 小说中的人物匹克威多带来的影响和效应。而不难发现
G
选项的首句复
现了
P ickwick
，而且还有一个时间线索词
after
。因此，
45
题选择
G
选项。



Section III Translation
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.


















































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Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The
growth
of
the
use
of
English
as
the
world`s
primary
language
for
international
communication
has
obviously been continuing for several decades.


(46)But
even
as
the
number
of
English
speakers
expands
further
there
are
signs
that
the
global
predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.


Complex
international,
economic,
technological
and
culture
change
could
start
to
diminish
the
leading
position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the
breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in
the study presented by David Graddol


(47)His
analysis
should
therefore
end
any
self-contentedness
among
those
who
may
believe
that
the
global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional
language capabilities.


David
Graddol
concludes
that
monoglot
English
graduates
face
a
bleak
economic
future
as
qualified
multilingual
youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British
counterparts
in
global
companies
and
organizations.
Alongside
that,(48)many
countries
are
introducing
English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining
greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.


If
left
to
themselves,
such
trends
will
diminish
the
relative
strength
of
the
English
language
in
international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic
or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French
and German, spreads.


(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of
English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English
language
teaching
sector
directly
earns
nearly
&1.3
billion
for
the
UK
in
invisible
exports
and
our
other
education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands,
the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is
likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.


The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to
all
organization
which
seek
to
promote
the
learning
and
very
different
operating
environment.
That
is
a
necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare
for it.
(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance
of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.



参考译文：但是，尽管使用 英语者的人数在不断增加
/
说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言
的全球 主导地位在不久的将来
/
可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。

句子解析：本句很简单，主句是
there be
结构，主句前是让步状语，
signs
后面是
that
引导的同位语从句，对
signs
进行 进一步的补充说明。同位语从句中是主谓结构，
the
global
predominance
of
the
language
是主语，
may
fade
是谓语，
within
结构是 时间状语。
expands
的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前
面和 它搭配的
number
，而选择“增加”的意思。

(47)His analysis should therefore end any self- contentedness among those who may believe that the global position
of
English
is
so
stable
that
the
young
generation
of
the
United
Kingdom
do
not
need
additional
language
capabilities.


















































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参考译文： 因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位十分
稳固，英 国的年轻一代人根本不需要学习其他的语言。

句子解析：此句为复合句，
who
之前是主句，结构是主谓宾，
His an alysis
是主语，
he
指代的是前面的大卫，
end
是核心谓语 动词，
any self-contentedness
是宾语，
among tho se
是状语，
who
引导定语从句修饰
those
，定
语从 句中
who
做主语，
believe
是谓语，
that
引导 宾语从句做
believe
的宾语，
宾语从句中
global position of English
是主语，后面是系表结构，
that
引导结 果状语从句，结果状从中是主谓宾结构。词汇部分，
self-contentedness
可 能是难点，意思是“自满，自大”
，因为
contend
是满意的意思，
ad ditional
在考研英语翻译中常用的译法
是
“新的，
另外的”
，
此处翻译可采用词性转换。
还有
who
引导的定语从句的处理方法，
可以重复先行词
“那
些人”
，采用后置法。

(48)many
countries
are
introducing
English
into
the
primary-school
curriculum
but
British
schoolchildren
and
students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.
参考译文：很多国家正在把英语列入小学课程范围，但是英国的中小学生似乎并 没有受到更多的鼓励去流利
地掌握其他语言。

句子解析：
此句是
b ut
连接的并列复合句，
前半句是主谓宾加状语的结构，
很简单，
后半句也是 主谓宾结构，
British schoolchildren and students
是主语，
do not appear to be gaining
是复合谓语，
greater encouragement
是宾
语，
to achieve fluency in other languages
是不定式短语做
encouragement
的后置 定语。
Curriculum
是课程的意
思，
fluency
是流利 ，流畅的意思。

(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English
language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.
参考译文：
大卫
.
格兰多指出的这些变化给英国的英语教学工作者提出了明确的和 巨大的挑战，
这些英语教学
工作是面向其他国家的人和更为广泛的商业教育机构的。

句子解析：此句是简单句，修饰成分较多，稍有些复杂，
The changes
是主语，
identified by David Graddol
是
过去分词短语做后置定语修饰
changes
，
identified可以理解为“发现，指出”
，

present
是谓语动词，

是“体
现，表现”的意思，
clear and major challenges
是宾语，
to UK`s providers of English language teaching
是介词
短语做后置定语修饰
challenge s
，
providers
本意是供应商，此处可以理解为“英语教学工作者”
，
to people of
other countries and to broader education business sectors.
是后置定语修饰
English language teaching
。

50
．

It gives a basis to all organizations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning
to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment. < br>参考译文：这一研究为所有试图促进英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个依据，
这一依据是为了满足 可能会出
现不同操作情况
/
运行环境的可能性的。

句子解析：主句 是主谓宾加状语结构，
it
是代词指代，指代前文的
study
，
b asis
应该理解为“依据”
，
which
引导定语从句修饰
org anizations
，
翻译时可以采用前置法，
定语从句中
which做主语，
seek to promote
是谓语
动词，
the learning and use of English
是宾语，
a basis
是前面主句宾语
basis
的同位语，
for planning to meet the
possibilities
介词短语做后置定语修饰
ba sis
，
of what could be a very different operating environment
介词短语做
后置定语修饰
possib ilities
。



















































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Section
Ⅳ
Writing


51 directions
You are to
write an
email to
James Cook, a newly-arrived Australia professor, recommending
some tourist attraction in your city. Please give reasons for your recommendation.
You should write neatly on the answer sheet.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead.

Do not write the address
。
（
10 points
）


参考范文：

Dear Prof. James Cook,
Welcome to China. I know
you love traveling, so
I‘m writing this letter to recommend to
you one of my favorite scenic spots
—
Harbin, which is an old northern city of China.

I think
you must like it for the reasons as follows. To begin with, there are an amount of
beautiful scenic spots, such as the Ice and Snow Kingdom in winter, the Sun Island, the Central
Street and so on. In addition, you could taste a great number of snacks on the average street. Last
but
not
least,
the
people
of
Harbin
are
overwhelmingly
hospitable
and
enthusiastic,
which
is
famous all over China.





Owing to
the reasons
discussed above,
I won‘t hesitate to
recommend this
scenic spot to
you. I am sure you will enjoy it. Best wishes for you!
Yours sincerely,

Li Ming
真题解析





今年英语一的小作文不出预料 ，
再一次考查到了推荐信。
在英语一的考试当中，
推荐信已经考查过
两年了。
例如我们英语一在
2011
年就考查过向你的朋友推荐一部电影。
具体题目要 求是
Write a letter
to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
；
2) give reasons for
your recommendation. 2015
年考察的是
you are going to hold a club reading session. Write an email
of
about
100
words
recommending
a
book
to
the
club
members.
You
should
state
reasons
for
your
recommendation.
而今年的作文题目要求给新来的澳大利亚国籍教授
James
Cook
介绍你城市的
tourist
attraction
。因 此，考生不用惊慌只要把
2011
年或
2015
年的小作文，主要是推荐原因 部分，稍作修改即
可成文。这就启发我们
2018
届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因 为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考
查。



那么今年的作文具体 该如何来写呢？今年考题的
Direction
要求向新来的
James Cook< br>教授推荐旅游景
点。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出 现缩写、省略问句和
和口语表达。

称呼：

Dear Prof. James Cook,
注意称呼中，
Prof
后面的句点不能丢，称呼最后的逗号 号不可丢，
也不能写成冒号。当然如果称呼不写
Prof.
写成
Mr. James Cook
也是可以的。



















































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正文

第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：
1
：欢迎
Cook
教授来中国；
2
：写信目的，表明推荐。

用到了这
样的表达
W
elcome to China. I know you love traveling, so I‘m writing this letter to recommend to you one of
my favorite scenic spot- Harbin, which is an old northern city of China.

第二段：

写作内容为推荐原因。可以从三个角度来考虑： 美景、美食和热情的人们。用到了这样
的表达：
I think you must like it for the reasons as follows. To begin with, there are an amount of beautiful
scenic spots, such as the Ice and Snow Kingdom in winter, the Sun island, the Central Street and so on. In
addition,
you
could
taste
a
great
number
of
snacks
on
the
average
street.
Last
but
not
least,
the
people
of
Harbin are overwhelmingly hospitable and enthusiastic, which is famous all over China.

第三段：再次强调写信目的。
Owing to the reasons discussed above, I won‘t hesitate to recommend this
scenic spot to you. I am sure you will enjoy it.
最后，表达祝福

Best wishes for you!
落款：

Yours sincerely,
特别提醒
sincerely
后面逗号不能丢
.
签名
：

Li Ming
特别注意

Ming
后面一定不能出现句点。

落款和前面左、右对齐都可以。



52. Directions



Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay, you should

1) describe the pictures briefly;
2) interpret the meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)



参考范文

As is symbolically mirrored in the caricatures, there emerge two circumstances, carrying sharp contrast
implications. In the first cartoon, a fashionable boy, lying in his sling chair comfortably, is looking at his whole
shelf of books and saying, ―I possess a multitude of books‖. On the contrary, the second portrayal demonstrates


















































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an industrious student who is sitting in front of the desk and makes a realistic plan that he would like to finish
reading 20 books in total within a year.





The
author
of
the
cartoon
invites
us
to
focus
on
a
truth
that
endless
plans
paralyze
actions.
There
are
simply no great success and achievements in the world that are not achieved through hard work and diligence.
Similarly, a dream can be realized when you decide to work for it and persist continuously. Everyone desires to
succeed, but not all his dreams can come true until he works hard to implement his plans. People give up their
dreams for this or that reason. Those whose dreams become true have at least one thing in common, that is,
they always hold fast to their dreams and always keep their feet on the ground. Just around us, for instance, the
athletes who gain the gold medals, the artists who are prevalent with the public, and even the students who
enter the university after years of hard study and preparation, are all dream- holders.





Accordingly, to succeed, we need to spare no efforts and hold fast to your dreams just as our nation sticks
to our Chinese Dream. The path to dreams may not be smooth and wide, and even some sacrifices are needed,
but hold on to the end, you will find there is no greater happiness than making your dream come true.

真题解析

今年的英语一 大作文题可以说完全在我们的预料之中，
甚至比我们想象的要简单的多，
据广大考生反映
审题基本不存在问题。虽然考研图画作文，从来不给一个主题，但是对于考生来说，正确审出主题还是
相对比较容易实现的。



值得关注的是，
今年考题反映的是我们 常说的那句话：理想很丰满，现实很骨感。
如何跨越理想和
现实的鸿沟，
这是一个长久 以来一直讨论的话题。
这里完全可以结合考研真题中的个人品质类话题，
谈
一谈实现理 想所需要的精神。那么此话题中很多表达方式，写作方式都与过去的真题如
2007
年的自信< br>心缺乏、
2012
年的悲观与乐观等真题作文如出一辙。所以真题是最宝贵的复习资源！
2016
年跨考各类
考研写作课程均对真题进行过详细讲解，相信今年英语一的同学面 对此作文应会从容不迫。



我们简单来看看如何审这两副图，
左 边的图片中，
一个学生坐在躺椅里悠哉悠哉，
看着自己有许多
书却没说读上哪怕一本；
右边的图片中，
一位勤奋的学生拿着一本书仔细读着，
并且很现实地计划着一
年争取读完
20
本书。图表描述参考如下：
As is symbolically mirrored in the caricatures, there emerge two
circumstances, carrying sharp contrast implications. In the first cartoon, a fashionable boy , lying in his sling
chair comfortably, is looking at his whole shelf of books and says, ―I possess a multitude of books‖. On the
contrary, the second portrayal demonstrates an industrious student who is sitting in front of the desk and makes
a realistic plan that he would like to finish reading 20 books in total within a year.








第二段可以从两方面来论证，
一方面强调如果只有想法而不行动是不利于理想的实现，
另一方面 从
正面论证脚踏实地一步一步完成理想的道理。参考如下：
The author of the cartoon invites us to focus on a
truth that endless plans paralyze actions. There are simply no great success and achievements in the world that
are not achieved through hard work and diligence. Similarly, a dream can be realized when you decide to work
for
it
and
persist
continuously.
Everyone
desires
to
succeed,
but
not
all
his
dreams
can
come
true
until
he
works hard to implement his plans. People give up their dreams for this or that reason. Those whose dreams
become true have at least one thing in common, that is, they always hold fast to their dreams and always keep
their feet on the ground. Just around us, for instance, the athletes who gain the gold medals, the artists who are
prevalent
with
the
public,
and
even
the
students
who
enter
the
university
after
years
of
hard
study
and
preparation, are all dream- holders
。
.







第三段给出结论，
简单提两条建议即可。
比如：
Accordingly, to succeed, we need to spare no efforts and
hold fast to your dreams just as our nation sticks to our Chinese Dream. The path to dreams may not be smooth
and
wide,
and
even
some
sacrifices
are
needed,
but
hold
on
to
the
end,
you
will
find
there
is
no
greater


















































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happiness than making your dream come true.


当然，考研写作判卷原则是：语言第一位、结构第二位、内容第三位。只要语言基 本正确、结构比
较清晰、内容与话题相关，均可取得及格分
(12
分
)
。如果语言精彩、结构严谨、论证充分，则可稳获高
分
(15
分以上
)。



总体来说，
今年的大作文写作难度适中。
虽然 有些考生由于考场紧张、
可能论述无逻辑，
有些同学
将关键词拼写错误。
其实 无需过于焦虑，
阅卷教师主要考察整体语言水平，
不会因为个别错误完全降为
低分。只 要语言基本正确、结构比较清晰，均可取得不错的成绩。




















































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2016
年全国硕士研究生考试英语试题

Section I




Use of English
Directions:


Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his par
ents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can _2_ a likely spo
use on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make th
e choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have
chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a g
ood family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it m
ore commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing. Parts
of the ceremony the
bride‘s
and
groom‘s
wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the
wife‘s
parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Ea
ch sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally
. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male
doesn‘t
have a waiting pe
riod before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.
1.[A]by way of




[B]on behalf of

[C]as well as



[D]with regard to
2.[A]adapt to




[B]provide for


[C]compete with

[D]decide on
3.[A]close






[B]renew




[C]arrange



[D]postpone
4.[A]Above
all


[B]In theory



[C]In time




[D]For example
5.[A]Although



[B]Lest





[C]After




[D]Unless
6.[A]into





[B]within





[C]from




[D]through
7.[A]since





[B]but





[C]or





[D]so
8.[A]copy





[B]test





[C]recite




[D]create
9.[A]folding




[B]piling




[C]wrapping


[D]tying
10.[A]passing




[B]lighting






[C]hiding



[D]serving


















































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11. [A]meeting



[B]collection



[C]association

[D]union
12. [A]grow





[B]part



[C]deal



[D]live
13. [A]whereas




[B]until


[C]if




[D]for
14. [A]obtain




[B]follow


[C]challenge

[D]avoid
15. [A]isolated



[B]persuaded

[C]viewed


[D]exposed
16. [A]whatever


[B]however


[C]whenever

[D]wherever
17.[A]changed





[B]brought


[C]shaped






[D]pushed
18.[A]withdrawn



[B]invested




[C]donated





[D]divided
19. [A]breaks





[B]warms





[C]shows






[D]clears
20.[A]so









[B]while






[C]once







[D]in that

Section II

Reading Comprehension
Part A


Directions:


Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an
absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a la
w that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban web
sites that
―incite
excessive
thinness‖
by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks th
at end up impinging on health.
That‘s
a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting
models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take resp
onsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use t
o determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arb
iters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character
and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards
beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government


















































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-defined index of body mass could result in a $$85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized b
ody types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for
models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to
France‘s
actions,
Denmark‘s
fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regar
ding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter cle
arly states:
―We
are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, esp
ecially on young
people.‖
The
charter‘s
main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling
agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it r
elies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. E
ven better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A]New runways would be constructed.
[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.
[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.
[D]The fashion industry would decline.
22. The phrase
―impinging

on‖
(Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to




.
[A]heightening the value of.
[B]indicating the state of.
[C]losing faith in.
[D]doing harm to.
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.
[B]The French measures have already failed.
[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.
[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for




.
[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.
[B]caring too much about
models‘
character.
[C]showing little concern for health factors.
[D]setting a high age threshold for models.
25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
[A]A Challenge to the Fashion
Industry‘s
Body Ideals
[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text 2
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curiou


















































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s result. While polls show Britons rate
―the

countryside‖
alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the Natio
nal Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save
―the
beau
ty of natural places for everyone
forever.‖
It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure w
here they could experience
―a
refreshing
air.‖

Hill‘s
pressures later led to the creation of national parks and gre
en belts. They
don‘t
make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs consta
nt guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The
Conservatives‘
plan
ning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even
authorizing―off
-
plan‖
building
where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labo
ur likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats ar
e silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using
green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns wher
e infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a milli
on houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the
provinces.
The idea that
―housing

crisis‖
equals
―concreted

meadows‖
is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need f
or more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-b
uild against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is n
ot a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best
where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why
ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is
Europe‘s
most crowded cou
ntry. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while sti
ll permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative
—
the corrupted landscapes of southe
rn Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the politic
al spectrum.
26.
Britain‘s
public sentiment about the countryside



.
[A]didn‘tstart
till the Shakespearean age.
[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.


















































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[C]is fully backed by the royal family.
[D]is not well reflected in politics.
27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____ .
[A]gradually destroyed.
[B]effectively reinforced.
[C]largely overshadowed.
[D]properly protected.
28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.
[B]The Conservatives may abandon
―off
-
plan‖
building.
[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
29. The author holds that George
Osborne‘s
preference____ .
[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.
[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.
[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.
[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.
30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____ .
[A]the size of population in Britain.
[B]the political life in
today‘s
Britain.
[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.
[D]the town-and- country planning in Britain.
Text 3
“
There is one and only one social responsibility of
business,‖
wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning
economist
―That
is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its pro
fits.‖
But even if yo
u accept
Fiedman‘s
premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholder
s money,things may not be absolutely research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for
companies
–
at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $$15 billion a year on CSR , according t
o an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three , consumers
may take CSR spending as a
―signal‖
that a
company‘s
products are of high , customers may be
willing to buy a
company‘s
products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, throu
gh a more diffuse
―halo

effect,‖
whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and other
s.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected
by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under
America‘s
Forei
gn Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part
of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.


















































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The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tend
edto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rath
er than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaign
s did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they d
o seen to influenced by a
company‘s
record in CSR.
ghts concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally a
re 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend o
n CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible b
enefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get int
o trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do see
n to influenced by a
company‘s
record in CSR.
concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40
% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend o
n CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible b
enefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get int
o trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author views Milton
Friedman‘s
statement about CSR with



.
[A] tolerance
[B] skepticism
[C] uncertainty
[D]approval
32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company




.
[Al winning trust from consumers.
[B] guarding it against malpractices.
[C] protecting it from being defamed.
[D] raising the quality of its products.
ression




.
[Al more effective.
[B] less controversial.
[C] less severe.
[D] more lasting.


















































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34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record




.
[Al has an impact on their decision.
[B] comes across as reliable evidence.
[C]increases the chance of being penalized.
[D] constitutes part of the investigation.
35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?
[Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.
[B]Thenecessaryamount of companies'spending on it is unknown.
[C] Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.
[D] Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.
Text 4
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Ex
actly when that day will be is a matter of debate.
―Sometime
in the future
―the

paper‘s
publisher said back in 2
010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,the
re‘s
plenty of incentive to ditch print .The i
nfrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -
isn‘t
just expensive
it‘s

excessive at a time when online- only competition
don‘t
have the same set financial constraints . Readers are mi
grating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts reve
nue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistak
e ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it th
e right away
―Figuring
out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them
―he
said,
―but
if you
discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.
making a change anyway
streaming.
arge at the times?
―I
would raise and make it into more of a legacy p
roduct.‖


The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and
they‘d
feel like they we
re helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.
ke you were helping,
revenue.
it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $$5
00 a year
—
more than twice as much as a digital- only subscription.


















































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Peretti remarked.
e sense when the and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive th
an less aggressive.
New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due




.
[A]the high cost of operation.
[B]the pressure form its investors.
[C]the complaints form its readers
[D]the increasing online ad asles.
i suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should




.
[A]seek new sources of readership.
[B]end the print edition for goog.
[C]aim for efficitent management.
[D]make strategic adiustments.
can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a
―legacy

product‖





.
[A]helps restore the glory of former times.
[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.
[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.
[D]expands the popularity of the paper
i believes that,in a changing world,




.
[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated .
[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.
[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.
[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.
of the following would be the best title of the text?
[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand
[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good
[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion

Part B


Directions:


In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable
one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
[A]Create a new image of yourself
[B]Have confidence in yourself
[C]Decide if the time is right
[D]Understand the context


















































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[E]Work with professionals
[F]Mark it efficient
[G]Know your goals
No matter how formal orinformal theworkenvironment,the way you present yourself has an is
especially truein first ing to researchfrom PrincetonUniversity, people assessyour compete
nce,Trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased ontheway you look.
The different between
today‘sworkplace
and the
―dress
for
success‖era
is that the range of optionsis so
muchbroader. some settings, red sneakers or dress T
—
shirts can conveys
tatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social
—
media services like Linke
s are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two nials, it seems,
face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal c
an beconfusing.
So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in anupgrade?And what
s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals
？
Here are some tips:
’
41.


As an executive coach,
I‘ve
seen image upgrades be particularlyhelpfulduring transitions
—
when loo
king for a new job , stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If
you‘re
in
a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If
you‘re
not sure, ask forhonest
feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals .Look for cues
about how others perceive you. Maybe
there‘s
no need for an upgrade and
that‘s
OK.
42.


Get clear on what impact
you‘re
hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For on
e person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may
be to be perceived as more
approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want
to look ore
―SoHo.‖

(It‘s
OK to use characterizations like that.)
43.




















































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Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What c
onveys status? Who are your most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to prevent
themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44.


Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or
use the free styling service of a store like Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional
photographer instead of your spouse of friend.
It‘s
not as expensive as you might think.
45.


The point of a style upgrade
isn‘t
to become more vain or to spend more time discussing over what to wea
r. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go- to opin
ions. Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing a time.

Part C

Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation sho
uld be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 pionts)
Mental health is our birthright. (46) We
don‘t
have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us i
n the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned,
only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or e
xercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and
we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health does
n‘t
really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud. it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capa
ble of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem
—
confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our
common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives
—
the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, t
o laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlea
rned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kin
dness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of cre


















































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ativity for solving
problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home
life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for o
urselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car. or raising a c
hild. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily
lives.
(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that i
t has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most munda
ne of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has common
ly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healt
hy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always
available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.

Section IV

Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enr
olled international students with relevant information about the library.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use
―LI

Ming‖
instead. Do not write the address. (10
points)

Part B


52. Directions:


Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should


1) describe the drawing briefly


2) explain its intended meaning, and


3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points
）




















































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2016
年考研英语真题答案解析

Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1
、
【答案】

[D]as well as

【考点分析】

本题考察逻辑关系


【解析】因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前 后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境
not only
„
but also之中，
这是一个明显的并列关系，
表示
“不仅„„而且„„”
该空与前一 句
“
his parents
and his friends
”
也是并列关系，
表示
“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”

所以答案只能是
well as
。

way of
通过



regard to
关于


behalf of
代表

2
、
【答案】

[A] decide on

【考点分析】

上下文语义



【解析】

根据该句的主语
a young man
与宾语
a likely spouse
的关系，
答案只能是
A. decide on
决定，
表示自己决定自己的对象。
e for
为„„提供准备

e with
与„„竞争

to
适用

3
、
【答案】
[B]arrange

【考点分析】上下文语义及动词辨析


【解析】
该句意思为，他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母
___
相关事务。
四个选项中，

关
闭


更新；恢复

ne
“推迟”
，语义不正确，只有
e
安排是符合语境。

4
、
【答案】

[A]In theory

【考点分析】

上下文语义


【解析】逻辑判断题。主要 是看前后两句的含义，前面是说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父
母安排相关事务，或者几乎不参 与，
完全让父母选择自己的对象。
”

空格后面说“女方可以拒绝她父母所选择的对象。
”这两句之间没有举例说明的关系，且有一个
may
，更证明 theory
的正确性。而其
他选项

all
最重要的是

time
准时

example
举例，均不符合题意。

5
、
【答案】

[C]After

【考点分析】

上下文语义


【解析】根据下文“
____a spouse has been selected
，

each family investigates the other
„„”知道，
只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查研究对方的背景。所以只有
after
才对。其他选项

除非，
否则


以免，唯恐

gh
尽管

都不符合题意。

6
、
【答案】
[A]into

【考点分析】

上下文语义及介词词义辨析


【解析】这里主要是看
marry
与相关介词的固定搭配。这里
marry into
就是指嫁到，而其他选项均没
有这层含义。

7
、
【答案】

[C]but

【考点分析】

逻辑关系题


【解析】根据上文，说传统的婚礼时间跨度很长，但是到了
1980s
，
< br>婚礼只持续一天半。所以与前
文发生转变。因此要选择
but
转折关系。

8
、
【答案】

[C]recite

【考点分析】

上下文语义及动词词义辨析


【解析】空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的
prayers of blessing
所搭配，
C
选项
recite
为背诵的意思，
与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“为祈祷者做祈福”
。

9
、
【答案】

[D]tying

【考点分析】

上下文语义及动词词义辨析


【解析】

本题需要根据上下文语义分析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉花线头”
，纵观四个选项
[A]
折叠
[B]
堆积

[C]
包裹

[D]
系上，根据选项含义，只有
D
和后文的“棉花线头”搭配最为合理。

10
、
【答案】
[A]passing


















































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【考点分析】

上下文语义及动词词义辨析



【解析】
本题根据选项
[A]
传递
[B]
点亮

[C]
隐藏

[D]
服务，
原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文
“
around
a circle
”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”
，故
[A]
传递 为正确选项。

11
、
【答案】

[D]union


【考点分析】名词词义辨析



【解析】本题根据选项
[A]
协会，社团
[B]
会议，会面

[C]
集合

[D]
结合。本句语义为“这些受尊敬的
夫妻 祈祷„”根据语境，结婚是一种夫妻二人的结合，因此，选项
[D]
结合更符合语境。

12
、
【答案】

[D]live


【考点分析】上下文语义及动词词义辨析

【解析】

本题比较简单 。根据语义“根据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父母
__
一年”根
据语境，应 为
[D]
居住为最佳答案。

13
、
【答案】

[B]until


【考点分析】

时间逻辑关系



【解析】

根据原文，
“
____
他们在附近建造一栋新房子”

[A]
然而
[B]
直到

[C]
为

[D]
如果

结合语境，
[B]
直到最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。

14
、
【答案】

[D]obtain


【考点分析】

上下文语义及动词词义辨析



【解析】
Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__
，
but not common
。该句句意为离婚是合法的，
且相对容易
____
。

避免

跟随
enge
挑战，质疑

获得。这里出现< br>and
，
所以对于离婚这件事不可能是避免或是挑战，但是跟随和离婚之间语义不符，但 是获得离婚（的批准）
是可以的。选
D
。

15
、
【答案】

[D] viewed


【考点分析】

上下文语义及动词词义辨析



【解析】

Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval
。离婚的人„一些不赞同。在段首，已
经注明离婚是合法的 且相对容易得到批准，
但是不常见。
这说明离婚在现实中肯定是不太受到人们的欢
迎的 。
而接下来这句就说离婚的人„一些不赞同。
再看选项：
ed
孤立

ded
劝说

看做

d
接触，受到„的影响
C
选项固定搭配被认为，放进。

16
、
【答案】
[B]whatever


【考点分析】

语法



【解析】
Each spouse retains __16__ property he or she _17_ into the marriage
，
17
个空对应的都 是动词，
所以该句意思为：
夫妇双方保有„财产，
这个财产是他或她„
（动词 ）
进婚姻的。

结合选项
er
“无论何地；任何（地方）
=any place where
（定从）
”
。
er
“无论什么；任何（东西）
=anyth ing
that/any+N that
”
。
er
无论何时；
任何
（时间
=any time when
）
r
无论如何；
无论多么

。
根据语义，这里应该不是让步的关系，而且填的这个词还要能修饰
property
。因此， 选择
B =retains any
property that he or she
„。

17
、
【答案】

[B]brought


【考点分析】

上下文语义及动词义辨析



【解析】

Each spouse retains __16__property he or she _17_ into the marriage
，
结合选项
A changed
“改
变”
。
t
“带来”
。

“形成”


“推，逼迫”
。结 合语境只有
B
符合，把财产带
入婚姻。

18
、
【答案】

[B]divided


【考点分析】

上下文语义及动词义辨析



【解析】„
and
jointly-acquired
property
is
_18_equally
。结合选项
ed
投资。
d< br>平分
d
捐赠
awn
撤出，提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被（夫妻双方）平分。

19
、
【答案】

[C]shows


















































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【考点分析】

动词固定搭配



【解析】

Divorced persons may remarry
，

but a gender prejudice _19_up
。该句语义为离过婚的人或
许会再婚，
但是性别偏见„。
结合选项
< br>（
up
）
加热


（
up
）

变晴

（
up
）
显现

（
up）分裂，分开；显然
C
是正确选项。

20
、
【答案】

[A]while


【选项分析】

上下文语义



【解析】

很明显的两类人的对比比较关系。只能选择
while
。




【真题翻译】
在柬埔寨，
伴侣的选择对于年轻男性来说是一个复 杂的问题。
这不仅与他本人以及未
来伴侣的父母朋友相关，
而且与媒婆也有着千丝万缕 的关系。
他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母
安排相关事务，
或者几乎不参与，完 全让父母选择自己的对象。理论上来说，女方可以拒绝她父母所选
择的对象。在选好自己的对象后，每个 家庭都能会去调查对方家庭来确保他们的孩子嫁到好人家。

传统的婚礼是一段漫长，
多姿多彩的过程。从前会持续三天，
但是到了
20
世纪
80
年代，一 般会持
续一天半。
佛教徒通常会做简短诵经，并为新人祈福。仪式通常包括剪发，
在新 郎新娘的胳膊上系上浸
满圣水的棉绳，
在幸福的、受人尊敬的夫妇中传递蜡烛来祈祷新人的结合 。
通常情况下，新婚夫妇会到
妻子父母家里住一年，直到他们在附近建一栋新房子为止。

离婚是合法的，
而且很容易获得批准，
但是在实际中这种情况并不常见。
离过婚的男女会受到一些
人的诟病。
夫妇双方在离婚后可保有他或她婚前带来的财产，
而且可平分婚后共同取得的财产。
离过婚
的人或许会再婚，
但是性别偏见还是很明显。
比如，
离过婚的男性再婚前不需要一段等待期而女性则需
要等待十个月。


Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A


Text 1

21
、
【答案】
A Physical beauty would be redefined


【解析】这是一道细节题，
根据
Fra nce
定位到第一段第一句，
主干成分为
France
has
lost
an
absolute
right
to
define
physical
beauty
。此外第二段第二句
They
suggest
beauty
should
not
be
define by looks
„故而
A physical beauty would be redefined
为同义替换，即为正确答案。

22
、
【答案】

D doing harm to


【解析】此题为词义题。定位到第二段第二句
They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks
that end up impinging on health
。根据
end up
可以看出
beauty should not be defined by looks
和
that end up
impinging on health
为顺承关系，所以“改变人们对美不仅仅是外表的定义”可以结束对健康的危害。
故而可以推知
doing harm to
是正确答案。

23
、
【答案】
B. New Standards are being set in Denmark


【解析】此题是正误判断题。根据第五段第二句话

In Denmark
，„
it is trying to set voluntary
standards for models and fashion
„可知
B
选项

New standards are being set in Denmark
是其同义替换。

24
、
【答案】
C showing little concern for health factors


【解析】细节题。一个设计师很可能因 为什么原因被
CFW
拒绝，根据关键词可回到文中定位
至倒数第二段，
首句说 丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄，
健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，
切一项
新法案 也明确规定，
他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，
并且该对
此负责，
接着下一句就说，
这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师，
因为可 以推断设计师很可能因为
不考虑身体健康因素而被
CFW
拒绝。

25
、
【答案】
D. A challenge to the Fashion Industry
’
s Body Ideals

< br>【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国的观点，
即时尚界已经失去了定义女性身体之美的权利，
且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。
二段继续说明美丽不能只看 外表更不能


















































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以牺牲健康为代价。
三段说女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。
以及后面的段落中也一直在不断 说明一
点，即健康很重要，不能只看外表。所以文章最佳标题应该是
D
，对时尚界完美 身材的质疑。


Text 2

26
、
【答案】
D. is not well reflected in politics


【解析】细节题。精读题干，划出关键词。根据题干回到原文 精确定位到首段最后一句，该句
中的
polls
民意调查对应题干中的
pub lic sentiment
，定位答案处为“
this has limited political support
”
，意
思为这在政治支持方面是有限的。与D
选项“在政治上没有得到很好的反响”为同义替换。

27
、
【答案】
D. largely overshadowed


【解析】细节题。根据题干，题干中出现大写
the National Trust
，定位到第二段首句
the National
Trust
该句 。二段首句只是对
Hill
的该项目做介绍，需向后看影响。往下可以读到
Hill< br>’
s pressure
这句，
写到“
Hill
的项目创造出 国家公园和绿地。他们不再制造乡村了，而且每年钢筋混凝土消耗的乡村越来
越多。乡村需要持久的保护 ”
。对应选项，该项目的成就很大程度上被夺取了光辉。

28
、
【答案】
A. Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation


【解析】推 断题。题干问的是从第三段能推出什么，考察的是相应段落的段落中心。观察选项
不难发现，选项中都是 大写的
Ukip
，
The Conservatives
，
The Liberal Democrats
，
Labour
。可根据选项中
的大写 回段落中寻找，
发现
Ukip
所在的定位句为
Only
的倒装强调句
（倒装强调句往往为答案所在处）
。
该句子意思是：只有
Ukip
意 识到其机会，并支持这些人。和选项
A
对应一下，
Ukip
可能能从其对农村
保护的支持中获得好处，是同义替换。

29
、
【答案】
B. Shows his disregard for the character of rural areas


【解析】细节题

问的是作者对于奥斯本的偏好（观点）的具体看法。根据关键词奥斯 本定位至
第五段，因为问的是作者对于奥斯本观点的看法，所以只需要看在奥斯本的观点之后作者的表达 内容，
第五段倒数两句话就是作者表达自己观点的地方，
即
“我们没有破坏城市中受到 保护的地方”
，
“你们为
什么要破坏乡村的呢？”
这就说明奥斯本一方的观点 是要破坏乡村环境。
所以可得出答案是奥斯本想法
表明了他对于乡村人们的忽视。

30
、
【答案】
C. the-town-and-country planning in Britain


【解析】根据题干定位到最后一段，
问的是作者欣赏赞同什么，作者的观点即是文章末段的段
落中心，可定位到末段末句。末句指出 ，避免
this
会将左右党派联系起来，
this
代词指代指代上句中所提到的内容。
Should
即作者赞同的地方，也就是作者赞同的是城乡结合。


Text 3

31
、
【答案】
B. Skepticism


【解析】作者观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关
CSR
方面
Milton Friedman
的说法是什么态
度。根据大写
Milton
Friedm an
这个人定位到定位到首段首句。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位
到后一句
b ut
转折处。转折处的主题句式“
things may not absolutely clear-cut
”
，作者持的是否定态度，
选择答案
B
。
C
选项是作者态度不明确，不能选择。

32
、
【答案】

A winning trust from consumers


【解析】根据题干找到第二段。根据第二段内容，
CSR could add value to their business in three
ways
。

从而定位下面三点。
First
后面出现了
high quality
，但是它是在从句中，从句修饰“
signal
”
，而
本句谓语动词是take
，与
D
中

raising
并不是同义词，故排除。
Second
，和
third
都与消费者购买心态
有关，和
A
选项

winning trust from consumers
相对应。而
B
，
C
选 项的
malpractices
和
defamed
在原文
中并未出现 ，且没有同义词，故排除。

33
、
【答案】

C less severe


【解析】根据题干找到第四段对应处。可见题干的

more lenient
是作为修饰

penalties
（惩罚）

的，故推测本句在讨论

CSR
和

penalties
有什么联系。而本段与惩罚相关的词只有最后一个词

fines


















































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（罚金）
，修饰它的形容词是
lower
，

故可推测

more lenient
与降低惩罚有关，只有
C
选项满足。

34
、
【答案】
A. has an impact on their decision


【解析】题干中问的是

CSR record
与

prosecutors evaluate a case < br>的关系，根据题干内容到对
应点：第五段第一句。本句说，
。
。
。they do seem to be influenced by a company
‘
s recore in CSR
。这里的

be influenced
与
A
选项

has an impact
对应，
故选
A
。

而
B
选项中的

reliable evidence
，

C
选项中的

the
chance
of
being
penalized
在原文中没有体现。
D
选项中的

investigation
与题干中的

When
prosecutors
evaluate a case
明显对应不上，故不予考虑。

35
、
【答案】
B. The necessary amount of companies
’

spending on it is unknown


【解析】该题是一道判断题，题干问的是有关
CSR
哪个是对的 。先根据
CSR
回到最后一段，
定位到末段首句。首句提到“研究人员承认到其研究没 有回答如下问题：公司应该在
CSR
方面花费多
少钱”
。选项
B的意思是公司在其方面的花费是未知的，属于原文的同义替换。


Text 4

36
、
【答案】
C. the high cost of operation


【解析】因果细节题，
问的是纽约时报考虑停止纸 质版新闻印刷出版的原因是什么。
文章首段
首句即是此内容的同义表达，二段解释具体原因，二 段二句内容

The infrastructure isn
‘
t just expensive
；

it
’
s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don
‘
t have the same set of financial const raints
。意思
是维持纸质印刷的基础设施建设不仅仅是贵，是相当贵，

而他们的竞争对手却没有这样的经济上的限
制。

37
、
【答案】
A make strategic adjustments


【解析】细节题，问的是面对目前的形势，
P eretti
建议时代杂志怎么做，根据关键词
Peretti
回文定位至第四段，首 句内容是
Peretti
说时代杂志不该浪费时间去想着如何停止纸质印刷，而应该找
到一种正确的方法去解决这件事。
接着二句往后在具体说明该如何正确解决目前的问题。
由此推 出答案
是
A
做出策略上的调整。

38
、
【答案】

B is meant for the most loyal customers


【解析】推断题与词汇题的结合，要根据上下文来做出选择。首先定位在第五段最后一句：
I
would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product
。

不仅要提高价格还要将它变为一种可以传承
的产物。
单单这一句不足以做出选择。
需要继续往下看在第六段中有没有对于这个词的解释之 类的。
第
六段开头提到了他认为
most consumer
依旧坚持去相 信他们认为好的东西，喜欢的，相信的东西。如果
可以每年增加一些比例，那么依旧是可以创收的。长篇 大段的叙述可以让大家明白这个词一定跟
consumer
有关。
最为关键的是：紧接着出现了

in

other world
，

重述上文，
不过却简洁的总结了前文。
如果我们要做这些
print product
，

那就选择那些已经痴迷于他们的人吧。
（那么对于他们来 讲就是一件
可以传承的东西了，以前喜欢，会依旧喜欢下去）
。所以这句为做题的关键，对应同 义替换，选择
B
。
A
选项中的降低成本没有在文中相应位置涉及到。

C
重建以往的关荣，
与消费者关系不大

D
扩大受欢
迎程度，范围过大。

39
、
【答案】
B aggressiveness better meets challenges


【解析】观点态度题。偏细节题。定位Peretti
在文中的观点，首次出现在第三段

overhead
„
but
rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake
。并且一直贯穿于下文。我们首先从选项来看。
A
中„
can stay unaffected
过于绝对，不选。
D
选项中
legacy business
不是文中的讨论话题，所以可以直
接排除。而
C
选项中谨慎可以促进问题的解决，在
perreti
的观点中根 本没有体现，相反他建议要有所
改变，并且要找对方式，言下之意就是大胆去面对挑战。所以最终确定是
B
。

40
、
【答案】
A Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good


【解析】主旨 题。出现在最后一道题目中，全文共有
7
段，根据上面的细节题目，大致可以确
定本文 的中心词为“
print
newspaper
”
B
，
C
两个选项中的
newspaper
都属于范围过大，是主旨题的典
型错误选 项，而
D
选项中出现的
online newspaper
只是文中
print newspaper
时提到的一个面临的

一个


















































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挑战，不足以引领全文，并且
all at once
，

是“立刻，马上”之意，与原文的观点也有出入，最终确定
选
A
。


Part B

41
、
【答案】

B Decide if the time is right


【解析】此段第一 句话主句里面说“在过渡的阶段提升自我形象尤其有用”
。第二句和第三、四
句分别展开说明，
第二句表明：
如果你处在变动的时期或者感觉需要变动，
那么可能这可能是一个好的< br>时机。

相反，第三、四句话表示：如果不确定的话，就需要得到别人的反馈了。也许无 需提升。故整
段的意思是说要先确定是否现在是提升自我形象的正确时机。故答案为
C
选项。

42
、
【答案】
F Know your goals


【解析】
此段中心句即第一句话，
标明
“要清楚你想要 的结果或影响”
。
其实就是你想要的目标。
紧接着开始解释，提到比如，你是否想要更 新你的形象？那么，对于一个人来讲，
这个目标可能是要被
认真对待或者要加强专业的形象。< br>对于其他人，
这个目标可能是要被看作可以触摸到的，
或者是现代的，
或者是时 尚的。对于那些要从金融转到广告的，他们可能得看起来更“
SOHO
”
。所以，整段 都在讲目
标。而选项
F
中的”
goal
”形成复现。故为答案。
43
、
【答案】
D Understand the context


【解析】复现原则，文章多次重复
environment
，

understand the context
就是要理解你的工作处
境。

44
、
【答案】
E Work with professionals


【解析】复现原则，文章多次重复
professional
，

work with
，就是要与专业人士一起工作。

45
、
【答案】
G Make it efficient


【解析】此段第二句句首出现
instead
，

故为转 折句。所以从此句获得中心内容。该句讲的是
“最好是将形象升级用做减少做决定的机会。
”< br>紧接着提到
“选取一套标准的工作服或几个其他的选择。
把衣服一下子都买了，而不是一 个人购买，或者一次只买一件”
。这些提到的都是要有效率。故选
G
。


文章来源于
An Outline of American History
，
《美国历史纲要》
，是一本历史学方面的专著。


Section III Translation

46
、
We don
’
t have to learn how to be mentally healthy
；

it is built into us in the same way that our bodies
know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone
。



【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句主干是

We don
’
t have to learn
，
how
引
导 宾语从句做
learn
的宾语，第二个并列句主干是
it is built into us in the same way
，
that
引导定语从句修
饰先行词
way
，
that
定语从句中主干是
our bodies know
，
how
引导宾语从句做
know
的宾语。


【参考译文】
我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康，
它正如我们的身 体知道怎样让伤口愈
合和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体内的
/
是我们与生俱来的能力 。

47
、
Our mental health doesn
’
t really go anywhere
；

like the sun behind a cloud
，

it can be temporarily
hidden from view
，

but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant
。


【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句，

第一个并列句主谓结构，很简单，第二个并列句中，
like
the sun behind a cloud
是状语，
but
连接两个并列分句，
包括短语
be hidden from
和
be capable of
。

涉及
被动语态的翻译方法。


【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是 真的消失不见，就像云朵背后的太阳，它也许暂时被遮挡，
但是它也可以在瞬间重焕光芒。

48
、
Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles
，

with kindness if
they are in pain
，

and with unconditional love no matter who they are
。


【句子结构】
句子主干是

Mental health allows us to view others
，

三个并列
with
引导的介词短语


















































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做状语，前两个
with
引导的状语中各包含一个
if
引导的条件状 从，最后一个
with
状语中包含一个
no
matter
引导的让步状语。


【参考译文】

心理健康使我们在他 人遇到麻烦时给予同情，在他人痛苦时心存善意，而且无论
对方是谁都会给予无条件的关爱。

49
、
【参考译文】尽管拥有健康的心智是我们生活中的万能药，但它并不稀奇，你会 发现在你难以
做决定时，它一直在指引着你。



【句子结构】本 题有一个由
although
引导的让步状语从句，
as
引导的时间状语从句 ，以及
that
引导的宾语从句构成。此处“
mental health
” 若是翻译成心理健康与下文连接，则不符合中文表达习惯，
又因
mental
本身与智 力相关，所以将其翻译成“健康的心智”
；此外“
perfectly ordinary”可以正译，译
为“非常普遍”
，本译文采取正话反说的方式，译为“并不稀奇”
。再次，
“
difficult decisions
”若翻译为
困难的决定 ，不符合中文的表达方式，所以将
decision
，名词译为动词“做决定”
。
50
、
As you will come to see
，

knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it
allow us slow down to the moment and live life happily
。



【参考译文】你会慢慢理解到，健康的心智会一直存在，坚信这一点，此刻我们就可以放慢生
活节奏，快乐的生活。



【句子结构】本题由
as < br>引导的时间状语从句，
that
引导的宾语从句组成，并且考察代词“
it”
。
“
see
”在此时了解而不是看到的意思，意思和
know ing
一致，随意合并翻译；
“
available
”本意“可得
到 的”
，句中意译为“一直存在”
。



Section IV Writing

51
、

【参考范文】

Notice


August 20
，

2015


To ensure students from oversea to be acquainted with the service of library in Beijing University
，

we write this notice to inform you of some relevant information about our library
。



To begin with
，

our library provides a large amount of books and materials covering not only most
majors
and
subjects
，

but
also
many
extra-curricular
reading
materials
，

thus
satisfying
all
your
reading
requirements
。

Furthermore
，

the
library
opens
during
the
week
time
，

each
day
from
9
：
00
am
to10
：
but not least
，

only students enrolled in this university and with a special Library Card are allowed
to enter into our library
。



Anyone interested in studying or reading in our library should sign up their name with their monitor
before August 31
，

and the Library Card will be issued within a week
。



Library of Beijing University



解析：今年英语一的小作文与我们预测的完全 一致，再一次考查到了通知。在英语一的考试当中，
通知已经考查过
1
年。例如我们英 语一在
2010
年就考查过代表研究生会写一篇招募国际会议的通知。
同时英语二在< br>2015
年考的也是招募志愿者的通知。我们在课堂上也反复强调过通知的格式，所以同学
们对此应该毫无压力。



同时以图书馆为写作背景，在
200 7
年的建议信中也已经考察过，所以相关表达在课堂上都已
经涉及过。因此，只要把
2 010
年通知的格式，结合
2007
年建议信的相关内容，就可以很轻松的写出
2016
年的小作文。这就启发我们
2017
届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为 考过的话题或是书信类型
会反复考查。



下面我们来详细解读下今年的小作文，首先看一下题目要求：



Suppose you are a librarian in your university
。

Write a notice of about 100 words
，

providing the


















































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newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library
。



小作文即
A
节作文的评分侧重点在于
1
。

格式和语域的恰当；
2
。

信息点的覆盖、
3
。

内容
的组织、
4
。

语言的准确性。那么我们主要从格式和内容两方面来解析此文。



首先，从格式上来说，通知的格式包括四大部分：



1
。标题，

通知要求必须有标题，可以直接用
Notice
做标题就可以，注意首字母大写，居中



2
。时间，

通知的时间要求在标题下方第二行，按照日月年的顺序来写，注 意月与年之间要有
逗号，且时间在靠右对齐



3
。正文，

通知正文要求首段缩进四个字符，不要求一定分段，为了内容层 次清晰，建议分三
段为好。



4
。落款，落款即发通知 的单位，此处需要特别注意，根据题目的要求，你是代表图书馆写的
通知，所以落款应该是某某图书馆， 而非
Li Ming
本人。



另外，
从内容 上来看，作文一个图书管理员，
要向学生介绍学校的图书馆，其实可以介绍的内
容还是很多的，
比如图书馆的藏书，
图书馆的开放时间，
入馆要求等等。所以内容部分对于大家来书应
该也不是难事，具体内容可以参考如上范文。


52
、

【参考范文】

What
is
symbolically
depicted
in
the
caricatures
，

there
emerge
two
circumstances
，

carrying
sharp
contrast implications
。

In the first drawing
，

a father is watching a football match on the sofa who is at the
same time supervising his son to finish homework
。

It is not difficult to observe that his son wears frowned
expression on his face
。

On the contrary
，

the second portrayal depicts a father is working just besides his
son
，

who is doing his assignment
。





The
objective
of
the
drawer
is
to
demonstrate
that
utmost
significance
should
be
attached
to
the
phenomenon that setting proper examples has exerted great impact on the growth of the younger generation in
China at present
。

Previously
，

it is widely acknowledged that it is the compelling obligation for the parents to
help
their
kids
to
form
an
appropriate
value
about
the
world
and
the
life
，

which
carries
overwhelmingly
precious
connotation
to
the
sound
development
on
the
younger
generation
。

Simultaneously
，

there
is
no
denying
that
the
most
rational
method
for
adults
to
educate
their
adolescents
is
to
set
themselves
a
good
example
to
their
teenagers
rather
than
making
perpetual
requirements
，

which
is
less
persuasive
compared
with the actions
。





Accordingly
，

it
is
vital
for
us
to
derive
positive
implication
from
these
thought- provoking
drawings
。

On the one hand
，

we can frequently use them to enlighten the parents to be more advisable in
educate their children
。

On the other hand
，

parents should attach more emphasis on setting excellent models
for their juveniles
。

Only by doing so
，

can we effectively ensure a promising prospect for the adolescents
。


解析：

2015
年的大作文从总体上来看不难，因为它考查到了现在的一个社会热点。这个热点甚至比
2014
年当时的热点还要热！就内容和话题而言，在我们的预料之中，属于综合性话题，
既考 察了当今信息社
会发展过程中网络对我们生活的影响，
正如任何事物有两个方面一样，
积极方面和消极方面，
必须做到
两者的统一，
对于手机的影响这个话题大家应该是有话 可说的。
同时，
本题也考查了人际关系方面的内
容，
同样是两方面内容所引申 出来的，
这是借用人际关系这个事件来说明和阐述手机的两方面的影响和
作用，
也就是 手机的出现和发展给我们之间的联系提供了方便，
使我们的世界变成了地球村，
另外比如
信息共享，
成果共享等都非常方便；
除此之外，也有消极的一方面，也就是手机的出现同时淡 漠了人际
关系，
忽视了人与人之间的面对面的交往和联系，
同时人们之间面对面说话的 交流机会少了，
话题也少
了。最后说出你的对策。



















































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更重要的是 ：从十年的考研真题来讲，
2009
年的大作文考查到了网络的问题，当年的图画是很多
人在一个类似大的蜘蛛网的区域里上网，图片下面有一行字：网络的“近”与“远”
！当年的描述图画
部分比较难表达，
而今年图画描述部分相比起来就容易得多。
下面我们就从写作的标准 三段式来讲讲这
三段我们应该怎么写。

第一段图画描述段的写作内容主要是表述图画 ，
四个人都在盯着手机，
桌子上的饭菜没动，
还可以
更加注意写细节，
比如他们认真的神情和桌子上的饭菜未动之类！
第二段是图画涵义阐释段。
本段可分
两个方面来具体写。
一方面具体写明手机给我们带来的好处；
另一方面，我们要指出手机的弊端 ，
给我
们生活带来了很多负面影响。
第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议 。
可以指出年轻人应该
重视面对面的交流！
最后一句可以展望一下未来，
说如 果我们放下手机拿起筷子享受美食，
和谐的关系
就会出现了！

如果同学们指出这个是一个社会问题，我们要加以改正，个人认为这也是可以接受的！
































































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2015
年全国硕士研究生考试英语试题

Section I




Use of English
Directions:


Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)


Though
not
biologically
related,
friends
are
as
―related‖
as
fourth
cousins,
sharing
about 1% of
genes.
That is _(1)_a study, published

from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.


The
study
is
a
genome-wide
analysis
conducted
_(3)__1,932
unique
subjects
which
__(4)__pairs
of
unrelated

friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.


While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at
UC San Diego, says, ―Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as

friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖



The
study_(9)_found

that
the
genes
for
smell
were
something
shared
in
friends
but
not
genes
for
immunity .Why
this
similarity
exists
in
smell
genes
is
difficult
to
explain,
for

now,_(10)_,as
the

team

suggests,
it
draws
us
to
similar
environments
but
there
is
more_(11)_it.
There
could
be
many
mechanisms
working
together
that
_(12)_us
in
choosing
genetically
similar
friends_(13)_‖functional
Kinship‖
of
being
friends with_(14)_!


One of the remarkable findings of the study was

the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other
genes

Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last

30,000 years, with social
environment being a major_(17)_factor.


The findings do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend

those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say
the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken
to_(20)_that

all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.


1. [A] when












[B] why









[C] how









[D] what


2. [A] defended











[B] concluded




[C] withdrawn




[D] advised


3. [A] for














[B] with









[C] on










[D] by


4. [A] compared










[B] sought








[C] separated




[D] connected


5. [A] tests












[B] objects








[C]samples





[D] examples


6. [A] insignificant








[B] unexpected




[C]unbelievable


[D] incredible


















































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7. [A] visit











[B] miss









[C] seek










[D] know


8. [A] resemble









[B] influence






[C] favor









[D] surpass


9. [A] again











[B] also









[C] instead








[D] thus


10. [A] Meanwhile





[B] Furthermore



[C] Likewise






[D] Perhaps


11. [A] about












[B] to











[C]from










[D]like


12. [A] drive










[B] observe







[C] confuse







[D]limit


13. [A] according to






[B] rather than





[C] regardless of



[D] along with


14. [A] chances








[B]responses






[C]missions







[D]benefits


15. [A] later













[B]slower








[C] faster









[D] earlier


16. [A]forecast









[B]remember





[C]understand





[D]express


17. [A] unpredictable






[B]contributory



[C] controllable




[D] disruptive


18. [A] endeavor








[B]decision





[C]arrangement





[D] tendency


19. [A] political










[B] religious





[C] ethnic









[D] economic


20. [A] see












[B] show








[C] prove









[D] tell

Section II

Reading Comprehension
Part A


Directions:


Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)



Text 1


King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ But embarrassing
scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro- elections have forced him to eat his words
and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the
writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?


The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly
polarised,
as
it
was
following
the
end
of
the
Franco
regime,
monarchs
can
rise
above
―mere‖
p
olitics
and
―embody‖ a spirit of national unity.



It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs‘ continuing popularity polarized. And


















































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also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms
(not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most
royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but
respected public figure.


Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,
their very history
—
and sometimes the way they behave today
–
embodies outdated and indefensible privileges
and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the
increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic
heart of modern democratic states.


The
most
successful
monarchies
strive
to
abandon
or
hide
their
old
aristocratic
ways.
Princes
and
princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who
party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right
image.


While Europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it
is the
British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.


It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy‘s
reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled)
granny
style.
The
danger
will
come
with
Charles,
who has
both
an
expensive
taste
of
lifestyle
and
a
pretty
hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they
provide a service
–
as non- controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English
history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.



21.

According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain


[A] used turn enjoy high public support


[B] was unpopular among European royals


[C] cased his relationship with his rivals


[D]ended his reign in embarrassment


22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly


[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status


[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality


[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to


[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment


















































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23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?


[A] Aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inherited wealth



[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies


[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families


[D]The nobility‘s adherence to their privileges



24. T
he British royals ―have most to fear‖ because Charles



[A] takes a rough line on political issues


[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised


[C] takes republicans as his potential allies


[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role


25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?


[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined


[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne


[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs


[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats

Text 2


Just
how
much
does
the
Constitution
protect
your
digital
data? The
Supreme
Court
will
now
consider
whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the
phone is on or around a
person during an arrest.


California
has
asked
the
justices
to
refrain
from
a
sweeping
ruling
particularly
one
that
upsets
the
old
assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard,
the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.


The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California‘s advice. Enough of the implications are
discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers
and defendants.


They should start by discarding California‘s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone
—
a vast storehouse of digital information
—

is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s purse. The court has
ruled that police don‘t violate t
he Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an
arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart


















































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phone may contain an arrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical
history and comprehensive records
of recent correspondence. The development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, has made that exploration so
much the easier.


Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these
devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to
remain private and protected by the Constitution‘s prohibition on unreasonable searches.



As so often is the case, stating that princip
le doesn‘t ease the challenge of line
-drawing. In many cases, it
would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could
still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take
reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court,
though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.


But the justice
s should not swallow California‘s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes
demands
novel
applications
of
the
Constitution‘s
protections.
Orin
Kerr,
a
law
professor,
compares
the
explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use
as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of
the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.


26.

The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to


[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.


[B] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.



[C] check suspects‘ phone contents witho
ut being authorized.


[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.


27.

The author‘s attitude toward California‘s argument is one of



[A] disapproval.


[B] indifference.


[C] tolerance.


[D]cautiousness.


28.

The author believes that explo
ring one‘s phone contents is comparable to



[A] getting into one‘s residence.



[B] handling one‘s historical records.



[C] scanning one‘s correspondences.



















































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[D] going through one‘s wallet.



29. The author believes that exploring one‘s phone contents is
comparable to


[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.


[B] the court is giving police less room for action.


[C] citizens‘ privacy is not effectively protected.



[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.


30.

Orin Kerr‘s comparis
on is quoted to indicate that


[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.


[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.


[C]California‘s argument violates principles of the Constitution.



[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered

Text 3


The
journal
Science
is
adding
an
extra
round
of
statistical
checks
to
its
peer-review
process,
editor- in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after
widespread
concern
that
basic
mistakes
in
data
analysis
are
contributing
to
the
irreproducibility
of
many
published research findings.


―Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes McNutt in an editorial.
Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board
of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal
editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then
find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.


Asked
whether
any
particular
papers
had
impelled
the
change,
McNutt
said:
―The
creation
of
the
‗statistics
board‘
was
motivated
by
concerns
broadly
w
ith
the
application
of
statistics
and
data
analysis
in
scientific research and is part of?Science‘s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.‖



Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE
group. He says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ He agreed to join because he ―found
the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact.
This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of
publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.‖



















































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John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is ―a
most welcome
step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality
of
what
they
publish.
I
think
that,
for
the
majority
of
scientific
papers
nowadays,
statistical
review
is
more
essential
than
expert
review,‖
he
says.
But
he
noted
that
biomedical
journals
such
as
Annals
of
Internal
Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical
review.


Professional
scientists
are
expected
to
know
how
to
analyze
data,
but
statistical
errors
are
alarmingly
common in published research, according to David V
aux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their
standards,
he
wrote
in
2012,
but
journals
should
also
take
a
tougher
line,
―engaging
reviewers
who
are
statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. Vaux says that Science‘s idea to pass some papers
to statisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify
‗the papers that need scrutiny‘ in the first place‖.



31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that


[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.


[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.


[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.


[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.


32. The phrase ―flagged up‖ (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to



[A] found.


[B] marked.


[C] revised.


[D] stored.


33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may


[A] pose a threat to all its peers.


[B] meet with strong opposition.


[C] increase Science‘s circulation.



[D]set an example for other journals.


34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now


[A] adds to researchers‘ workload.



[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.


















































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[C] has room for further improvement.


[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future


35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?


[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.


[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect


[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors‘ Desks



[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

Text 4


Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch‘s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the ―unsettling dearth of integrity across
so many of ou
r institutions‖ Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the
only

―sorting
mechanism
‖in
society
should
be
profit
and
the
market .But
―it‘s
us
,human
beings
,we
the
people who create the society we want ,not profit ‖.



Driving her point home, she continued: ―It‘s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral
language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism
and
freedom.‖
This
same
absence
of
moral
p
urpose
was
wounding
companies
such
as
News
International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal
telephone hacking .


As the hacking trial concludes
–
finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for
conspiring
to hack
phones
,and
finding
his
predecessor,
Rebekah
Brooks,
innocent of
the
same
charge
–
the
winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to
5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired
by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story
still unfolds.


In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking
but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks
knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow
the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.


In today‘s world, title has become normal that well—
paid executives should not be accountable for what
happens
in
the
organizations
that
they
run
perhaps
we
should
not
be
so
surprised.
For
a
generation,
the


















































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于
2016.1.25
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