好听的人物名字-

2021年1月20日发(作者：葛子斐)
2013
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section
Ⅰ

Use of English


Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered
blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)


People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when
making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the
ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn
speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be
biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised
that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to
prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on
that day.


To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of
an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during
the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .


He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers.
The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous
factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an
applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a
standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to
accept him or her.


Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of
interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the
score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might
sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more
GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .


1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers


2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external


3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment


4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all


5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless


6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for


7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless


8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test


9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success


10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified



11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise


12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured


13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged


14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took


15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather


16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced


17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below


18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate


19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard


20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful


Section
Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension


Part A
Directions
：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text
by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Part B


Directions:


In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions
41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the
numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)


The social sciences are of 2005,there were almost half a million
professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and
outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of
social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.


Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global
challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and
health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate
hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the
problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.


(42)____This is a shame
—
the community should be grasping the opportunity to
raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph
Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .
Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal
scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.


Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords
“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since
2004,(43)____


When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often
local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for
example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall
accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.


The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is
an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who
complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic
climate.


The trick is to direct these funds European Union Framework
funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social
year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new
program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in
protests from social the intention is not to neglect social science
rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative
endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.


[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social


scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly


specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing


elsewhere,such as policy briefs.


[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the


100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these


Keywords.


[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories,
including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the
bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.


[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what
it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to
receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.


[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral
change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming
climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and
promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.




[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such
problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific
funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting
topics of sustainable development .


[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the
humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including
government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to
25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.


Part B: (10 points)


Section III Translation


46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your
translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)


Directions:


Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments
into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10
points)


It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who
made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence
an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression
is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden
created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these
gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and
creative expression.


One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of
turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.
(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as
opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so
that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer
becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the
structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless
which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment
where it either didn’t
exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give
composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their
stand.


Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is
so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we
are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of
spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we
find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the
homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet
even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of
materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of
petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy
elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It
is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word
garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In
them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming
uncanny representational forms.
Section III Writing


Party A


51 Directions:


Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting
him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.


You should include the details you think necessary.


You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.


Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-
mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.



Do not write the address. (10 points)


Part B: (20 points)


Part B


52 Directions:


Write an essay of about 160
–
200 words based on the following drawing. In
your essay, you should


(1) describe the drawing briefly,


(2) interpret its intended meaning, and


(3) give your comments.


You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)



2013
年
考研英语真题答案






2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I Use of English


Directions:



Read
the
following
text.
Choose
the
best
word(s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)


The ethical
judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an
important
issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_
justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that
_3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.



Justice
Antonin
Scalia,
for
example,
appeared
at
political
events.
That
kind
of
activity
makes
it
less
likely
that
the
court’s
decisions
will
be
_4_
as
impartial
judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At
the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the
rest of the federal judiciary.


This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between
the court and politics.


The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from
politics.
They
gave
justices
permanent
positions
_11_they
would
be
free
to
_12_
those
in
power
and
have
no
need
to
_13_
political
support.
Our
legal
system
was
designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.


Constitutional
law
is
political
because
it
results
from
choices
rooted
in
fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social
policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split
along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.


The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves
_19_
to
the
code
of
conduct.
That
would
make
rulings
more
likely
to
be
seen
as
separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.

1. [A]emphasize



[B]maintain


2. [A]when






3. [A]restored


[B]lest
[B]weakened

[C]modify
[C]before
[C]established
[C]suspected
[C]bound
[C]immune
[C]loads
[C]deny
[D] recognize
[D] unless
[D] eliminated
[D] accepted
[D]founded
[D]prone
[D]applies
[D]settle

4. [A]challenged


[B]compromised


5. [A]advanced


[B]caught

6. [A]resistant



7. [A]resorts



8. [A]evade

[B]subject
[B]sticks
[B]raise

9. [A]line


10. [A]by


11. [A]so

12. [A]serve


13. [A]confirm


14. [A]guarded


15. [A]concepts


16. [A]excludes


18. [A]suppress


20.[A]by
mesns


[B]barrier

[B]as
[B]since

[B]satisfy
[B]express
[B]followed

[B]theories

[B]questions

[B]exploit
[C]similarity

[C]though
[C]provided

[C]upset
[C]cultivate

[C]studied
[C]divisions

[C]shapes
[C]ranked

[C]address
[C]agreeable

[C]in a word
[D]conflict
[D]towards
[D]though
[D]replace
[D]offer
[D]tied
[D]conceptions
[D]controls
[D]distorted
[D]ignore
[D]accountable
[D]as a result

17. [A]dismissed

[B]released

19. [A]accessible

[B]amiable
all
[B]atall costs

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)


Part B


Directions:



In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45,
choose
the
most
suitable
one
from
the
list
A-G
to
fit
into
each
of
the
numbered
blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)


Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and
realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than
a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment
or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.


The
second
half
of
the
20th
century
saw
a
collection
of
geniuses,
warriors,
entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function
as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano
and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)


The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves
as
the
mode
of
production,
means
of
distribution,
site
of
reception,
and
place
of
praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.


But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with
caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise
that
there
are
strong
commercial
agendas
at
work
to
keep
them
in
passive
consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to
upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.


All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make
nests.
Yet
for
the
most
part,
the
animal
kingdom
moves
through
the
world
downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then
turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture
and
architecture
-
and
superfluous
experiences
-
music,
literature,
religion
and
philosophy. (43)


For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in
download
mode.
Even
after
the
advent
of
widespread
social
media,
a
pyramid
of
production
remains,
with
a
small
number
of
people
uploading
material,
a
slightly
larger
group
commenting
on
or
modifying
that
content,
and
a
huge
percentage
remaining content to just consume. (44)


Television
is
a
one-way
tap
flowing
into
our
homes.
The
hardest
task
that
television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.


(45)


What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept
of


[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture
and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires
great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining
constituent of humanity.


[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words
and
other
media
in
creative
ways
and
then
share
them,
have
the
potential
to
add
stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.


[C]
Not
only
did
they
develop
such
a
device
but
by
the
turn
of
the
millennium
they had also
managed to
embed it in
a worldwide system
accessed by billions of
people every day.


[D]
This
is
because
the
networked
computer
has
sparked
a
secret
war
between
downloading
and
uploading
-
between
passive
consumption
and
active
creation
-
whose
outcome
will
shape
our
collective
future
in
ways
we
can
only
begin
to
imagine.


[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to
one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced
by CD players.


[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past
half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium
- television - and television is defined by downloading.


[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow,
to
encourage
thoughtful
downloading
and,
even
more
importantly,
meaningful
uploading.
Part C

Directions:



Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese.
Your
translation
should
be
written
clearly
on
ANSWER
SHEET
2.
(10
points)


Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the
scientific
enterprise.
In
some
ways,
this
quest
for
commonalities
defines
science.
Newton’s
laws
of
motion
and
Darwinian
evolution
each
bind
a
host
of
different
phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.


(
46)
In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and
seeks
a
theory
of
everything
—
a
single
generative
equation
for
all
we

is
becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the
dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains
a major goal.


This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.
(
47)
Here,
Darwinism
seems
to
offer
justification
for
it
all
humans
share
common
origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to
more
constrained
beginnings.
Just
as
the
bewildering
variety
of
human
courtship
rituals
might
all
be
considered
forms
of
sexual
selection,
perhaps
the
world’s
languages,
music,
social
and
religious
customs
and
even
history
are
governed
by
universal features. (
48)
To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us
to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary
or cognitive terms.


That,
at
least,
is
the
hope.
But
a
comparative
study
of
linguistic
traits
published
online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and
his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts
to find universality in language.


The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested
that
humans
are
born
with
an
innate
language
—
acquisition
capacity
that
dictates
a
universal
grammar.
A
few
generative
rules
are
then
sufficient
to
unfold
the
entire
fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.


(49)
The
second,
by
Joshua
Greenberg,
takes
a
more
empirical
approach
to
universality
identifying
traits
(particularly
in
word
order)
shared
by
many
language
which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints


Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees
that
between
them
represent
more
than
2,000
languages.(
50)
Chomsky’s
grammar
should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the
pathway
tracked
through
it.
Whereas
Greenbergian
universality
predicts
strong
co-dependencies
between
particular
types
of
word-order
relations.
Neither
of
these
patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are
lire age-specific and not governed by universals
[NxtPage]

2011
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I Use of English
Directions:
Ancien
t Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious
to
health.”
But
­­­_
1____some
claims
to
the
contrary,
laughing
probably
has
little
influence
on
physical
filness
Laughter
does
_2____short-term
changes
in
the
function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3___ heart rate and oxygen consumption
But
because
hard
laughter
is
difficult
to
_4___,
a
good
laugh
is
unlikely
to
have
__5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
__6__,
instead
of
straining
muscles
to
build
them,
as
exercise
does,
laughter
apparently accomplishes the __7
__, studies dating back to
the 1930’s indicate that
laughter. muscles,
Such
bodily
reaction
might
conceivably
help__8__the
effects
of
psychological
,the
act
of
laughing
probably
does
produce
other
types
of
____9
__feedback,that
improve
an
individual’s
emotional
state.
__
10____one
classical
theory
of
emotion,our
feelings
are
partially
rooted
_____11__
physical
reactions.
It
was
argued
at
the
end
of
the
19th
century
that
humans
do
not
cry
___12___they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.
Although
sadness
also
__13_____
tears,evidence
suggests
that
emotions
can
flow
__14___ muscular an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist
Fritz.
1
．
[A]among

[B]except

[C]despite

[D]like
2
．
[A]reflect

[B]demand

[C]indicate

[D]produce
3
．
[A]stabilizing

[B]boosting

[C]impairing

[D]determining
4
．
[A]transmit

[B]sustain

[C]evaluate

[D]observe
5
．
[A]measurable

[B]manageable

[C]affordable

[D]renewable
6
．
[A]In turn

[B]In fact

[C]In addition

[D]In brief
7
．
[A]opposite

[B]impossible

[C]average

[D]expected
8
．
[A]hardens

[B]weakens

[C]tightens

[D]relaxes
9
．
[A]aggravate

[B]generate

[C]moderate

[D]enhance
10
．
[A]physical


[B]mentl

[C]subconscious

[D]internal
11
．
[A]Except for

[B]According to

[C]Due to

[D]As for
12
．
[A]with

[B]on

[C]in

[D]at
13
．
[A]unless

[B]until

C]if

[D]because
14
．
[A]exhausts

[B]follows

[C]precedes

[D]suppresses
15
．
[A]into

[B]from

[C]towards

[D]beyond
16
．
[A]fetch

[B]bite

[C]pick

[D]hold
17
．
[A]disappointed

[B]excited

[C]joyful

[D]indifferent
18
．
[A]adapted

[B]catered

[C]turned

[D]reacted
19
．
[A]suggesting

[B]requiring

[C]mentioning

[D]supposing
20
．
[A]Eventually

[B]Consequently

[C]Similarly

[D]Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
text
by
choosing
[A],
[B],
[C]
or
[D].
Mark
your
answers
on
ANSWER
SHEET
1.
(40
points)
Part B
Directions:

The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you
are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the
list
A-G
to
filling
them
into
the
numbered
boxes.
Paragraphs
E
and
G
have
been
correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as
the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and
a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the
humanities
is
nine
years.
Not
surprisingly,
up
to
half
of
all
doctoral
students
in
English drop out before getting their degrees.
[B]
His
concern
is
mainly
with
the
humanities:
Literature,
languages,
philosophy
and
so
on.
These
are
disciplines
that
are
going
out
of
style:
22%
of
American
college
graduates
now
major
in
business
compared
with
only
2%
in
history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their
undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated
pe
rson
should
posses.
But
most
find
it
difficult
to
agree
on
what
a
“general
education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read
because they have been read”
-they form a sort of social glue.
[C]
Equally
unsurprisingly,
only
about
half
end
up
with
professorships
for
which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly
because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want
to study humanities subjects: English departments aw
arded more bachelor’s degrees
in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So,
at
the
end
of
a
decade
of
theses-writing,
many
humanities
students
leave
the
profession to do something for which they have not been trained.
[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can
cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and
professional
education
should
be
kept
separate,
taught
in
different
schools.
Many
students
experience
both
varieties.
Although
more
than
half
of
Harvard
undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must
study
a
non-specialist
liberal-arts
degree
before
embarking
on
a
professional
qualification.
[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American
universities
have
professionalised
the
professor.
The
growth
in
public
money
for
academic
research
has
speeded
the
process:
federal
research
grants
rose
fourfold
between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its
toll.
Professionalism
has
turned
the
acquisition
of
a
doctoral
degree
into
a
prerequisite
for
a
successful
academic
career:
as
late
as
1969a
third
of
American
professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues
Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization
are
transmissible
but
not
transferable.”So
disciplines
acquire
a
monopoly
not
just
over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of
knowledge.
[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the
way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will
continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which
they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may
need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr
Menand dose not say.
[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and
Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of
applying
to
take
a
doctoral
degree.
They
may
then
decide
to
go
elsewhere.
For
something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand,
a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.
G → 41. → 42. →E → 43. → 44. →45.

Part C
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.
(10 points)
With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character
and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth
exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share
-that because
we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.
Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts
can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another.
However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the
conscious
mind,
and
(47)
while
we
may
be
able
to
sustain
the
illusion
of
control
through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question:
“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”

Since
desire
and
will
are
damaged
by
the
presence
of
thoughts
that
do
not
accord with desire, Allen conclu
ded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we
are.”
Achievement
happens
because
you
as
a
person
embody
the
external
achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind
and matter.
Part of the fame of Allen’s
book is
its
contention
that “Circumstances do not
make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those
in
need, and a rationalization of exploitation,
of the superiority of those
at
the top
and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of
circumstances,
however
bad,
offers
a
unique
opportunity
for
growth.
If
circumstances
always
determined
the
life
and
prospects
of
people,
then
humanity
would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring
out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to
begin
a
conscious
effort
to
escape
from
our
situation
.Nevertheless,
as
any
biographer knows, a person’s early li
fe and its conditions are often the greatest gift to
an individual.
The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our
present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in
knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of
limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.

2010
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I

Use of English
Directions:


Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a
series
of
industrial
experiments
at
a
large
telephone-parts
factory
called
the
Hawthorne
Plant
near
Chicago.
It
hoped
they
would
learn
how
stop- floor
lighting
大
1
家

workers'
productivity.
Instead,
the
studies
ended
大
2
家

giving
their
name to the
大
3
家

to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.
The
idea
arose
because
of
the
大
4
家

behavior
of
the
women
in
the
Hawthorne plant. According to
大
5
家

of the experiments, their hourly output rose
when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not
大
6
家

what
was
done
in
the
experiment;
大
7
家

something
was
changed,
productivity
rose.
A(n)
大
8
家

that
they
were
being
experimented
upon
seemed
to
be
大
9
家

to
alter workers' behavior
大
10
家

itself.
After
several
decades,
the
same
data
were
大
11
家

to
econometric
the
analysis.
Hawthorne
experiments
has
another
surprise
store
大
12
家
the
descriptions
on
record,
no
systematic
大
13
家

was
found
that
levels
of
productivity were related to changes in lighting.
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to
大
14
家

interpretation of what
happened.
大
15
家
, lighting was always changed
on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output
大
16
家

rose compared
with
the
previous
Saturday
and
大
17
家

to
rise
for
the
next
couple
of
days.
大
18
家
,
a
comparison
with
data
for
weeks
when
there
was
no
experimentation
showed that output always went up on Monday, workers
大
19
家

to be diligent for
the
first
few
days
of
the
week
in
any
case,
before
大
20
家

a
plateau
and
then
slackening
off.
This
suggests
that
the
alleged

effect
is
hard
to
pin
down.
1.
[A] affected
2.
[A] at
3.
[A] truth
[B] achieved
[B] up
[B] sight
[C] extracted
[C] with
[C] act
[C] mischievous
[D] restored
[D] off
[D] proof
[D] ambiguous
[D] assessments
[D] work
[D] so long as
4.
[A] controversial
[B] perplexing
5.
[A] requirements
[B] explanations
[C] accounts
6.
[A] conclude
7.
[A] as far as
[B] matter
[B] for fear that
[C] indicate
[C] in case that
8.
[A] awareness
9.
[A] suitable
10.
[A] about
11.
[A] compared
12.
[A] contrary to
13.
[A] evidence
14.
[A] disputable
15.
[A] In contrast
16.
[A] duly
18.
[A] Therefore
19.
[A] attempted
20.
[A] breaking
[B] expectation
[B] excessive
[B] for
[B] shown
[C] sentiment
[C] enough
[C] on
[C] subjected
[D] illusion
[D] abundant
[D] by
[D] conveyed
[D] peculiar to
[D] source
[D] misleading
[B] consistent with [C] parallel with
[B] guidance
[B] enlightening
[B] For example
[B] accidentally
[B] Furthermore
[B] tended
[B] climbing
[C] implication
[C] reliable
[C] In consequence
[D] As usual
[C] unpredictably
[D] suddenly
[C] However
[C] chose
[C] surpassing
[D] Meanwhile
[D] intended
[D] hitting


Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],
[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (40 points)
Part B
Directions:
For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill
them
into
the
numbered
boxes
to
form
a
coherent
text.
Paragraph
E
has
been
correctly placed. There is
one paragraph which
does
not
fit in
with
the text.
Mark
your answers on
ANSWER SHEET1
. (10 points)
[A]
The
first
and
more
important
is
the
consumer's
growing
preference
for
eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen
from
about
32
percent
of
total
consumption
in
1995
to
35
percent
in
2000
and
is
expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale
demand
from
the
food
service
segment
by
4
to
5
percent
a
year
across
Europe,
compared
with
growth
in
retail
demand
of
1
to
2
percent.
Meanwhile,
as
the
recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter
hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.
[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill,
leaving
European
grocery
retailers
hungry
for
opportunities
to
grow.
Most
leading
retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad.
But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the
wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers
need.
[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food
and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible
trends
dominated
by
potential
buyers.
In
other
words,
it
is
up
to
the
buyer,
rather
than
the
seller,
to
decide
what
to
buy .At
any
rate,
this
change
will
ultimately
be
acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers,
regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.
[D]
All
in
all,
this
clearly
seems
to
be
a
market
in
which
big
retailers
could
profitably
apply
their
scale,
existing
infrastructure
and
proven
skills
in
the
management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that
master
the
intricacies
of
wholesaling
in
Europe
may
well
expect
to
rake
in
substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection
reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their
customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of
individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences
before
they
can
identify
the
segments
of
European
wholesaling
in
which
their
particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and
unfamiliar business models are needed too.
[E]
Despite
variations
in
detail,
wholesale
markets
in
the
countries
that
have
been
closely
examined
—
France,
Germany,
Italy,
and
Spain
—
are
made
out
of
the
same
building
blocks.
Demand
comes
mainly
from
two
sources:
independent
mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy
straight
from
producers,
and
food
service
operators
that
cater
to
consumers
when
they don't
eat
at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to
large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the
trade as
for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the
figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.
[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $$268 billion in France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000
—
more than 40 percent of
retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail;
wholesale
demand
from
the
food
service
sector
is
growing
quickly
as
more
Europeans
eat
out
more
often;
and
changes
in
the
competitive
dynamics
of
this
fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.
[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even
some
large
good
producers
and
existing
wholesalers)
from
trying
their
hand,
for
those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable
gains.
41
→
42
→
43
→
44
→
E
→
45
Part C
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on
ANSWER SHEET 2
. (10
points)
One
basic
weakness
in
a
conservation
system
based
wholly
on
economic
motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet
these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on
its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to
love
it .We
invert
excuses
to
give
it
economic
importance.
At
the
beginning
of
century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46)
Scientists jumped to the
rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up
if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,
(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue
as
a
matter
of
intrinsic
right,
regardless
of
the
presence
or
absence
of
economic
advantage to us.
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.
(48)
Time
was
when
biologists
somewhat
over
worded
the
evidence
that
these
creatures
preserve
the
health
of
game
by
killing
the
physically
weak,
or
that
they
prey only on
Some
species
of
tree
have
been
read
out
of
the
party
by
economics-minded
foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber
crops.
(49)
In
Europe,
where
forestry
is
ecologically
more
advanced,
the
non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community,
to be preserved as such, within reason.
To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is
hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many
elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to
its
healthy
functioning.
It
assumes,
falsely,
I
think,
that
the
economic
parts
of
the
biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.
2009
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题


Section I

Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)

10
Research
on
animal
intelligence
always
makes
me
wonder
just
how
smart
humans
are.

大
1
家
the
fruit-fly
experiments
described
in
Carl
Zimmer's
piece
in
the
Science
Times
on
Tuesday.
Fruit
flies
who
were
taught
to
be
smarter
than
the
average fruit fly
大
2
家



to live shorter lives. This suggests that
大
3
家

bulbs
burn longer, that there is an
大
4
家

in not being too terrifically bright.

Intelligence,
it
大
5
家

out,
is
a
high-priced
option.
It
takes
more
upkeep,
burns more fuel and is slow
大
6
家

the starting line because it depends on learning
—
a gradual
大
7
家

—
instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn,
and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to

大
8
家
.

Is there an adaptive value to

大
9
家

intelligence? That's the question behind
this new research.
I like it.
Instead of casting a
wistful glance

大
10
家

at
all the
species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real

大
11
家

of
our own intelligence might be. This is

大
12
家

the mind of every animal I've ever
met.

Research
on
animal
intelligence
also
makes
me
wonder
what
experiments
animals
would
大
13
家

on
humans
if
they
had
the
chance.
Every
cat
with
an
owner,
大
14
家
, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe
that
大
15
家

animals ran the labs, they would test us to
大
16
家

the limits of our
patience,
our
faithfulness,
our
memory
for
terrain.
They
would
try
to
decide
what
intelligence
in
humans
is
really
17



,
not
merely
how
much
of
it
there
is.
大
18
家
, they would hope to study a
大
19
家
question: Are humans actually aware
of the world they live in?

大
20
家
the results are inconclusive.
1.
[A] Suppose
[B] Consider
[C] Observe
[D] Imagine
2.
[A] tended
3.
[A] thinner
4.
[A] tendency
5.
[A] insists on
6.
[A] off
7.
[A] incredible
8.
[A] fight
9.
[A] invisible
10.
[A] upward
11.
[A] features
12.
[A] outside
13.
[A] deliver
14.
[A] by chance
15.
[A] if
16.
[A] moderate
17.
[A] at
18.
[A] Above all
[B] feared
[B] stabler
[B] advantage
[B] sums up
[B] behind
[B] spontaneous
[B] doubt
[B] limited
[B] forward
[B] influences
[B] on
[B] carry
[B] in contrast
[B] unless
[B] overcome
[B] for
[B] After all
[C] happened
[C] lighter
[C] inclination
[C] turns out
[C] over
[C] inevitable
[C] stop
[C] indefinite
[C] afterward
[C] results
[C] by
[C] perform
[C] as usual
[C] as
[C] determine
[C] after
[C] However
[D] threatened
[D] dimmer
[D] priority
[D] puts forward
[D] along
[D] gradual
[D] think
[D] different
[D] backward
[D] costs
[D] across
[D] apply
[D] for instance
[D] lest
[D] reach
[D] with
[D] Otherwise
[D] hostile
[D] Better still
19.
[A] fundamental
[B] comprehensive [C] equivalent
20.
[A] By accident

[B] In time
[C] So far

Part A
Directions:
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (40 points)
Part B
Directions:
Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions
(41-45),
choose
the
most
suitable
one
from
the
list
A-G
to
fit
into
each
of
the
numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)6
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by
British
naturalist
Charles
Darwin
in
the
1860s,
British
social
philosopher
Herbert
Spencer
put
forward
his
own
theory
of
biological
and
cultural
evolution.
Spencer
argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time,
advancing toward perfection. 41.__________.
American
social
scientist
Lewis
Henry
Morgan
introduced
another
theory
of
cultural
evolution
in
the
late
1800s.
Morgan,
along
with
Tylor,
was
one
of
the
founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects
of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.
In
the
early
1900s
in
North
America,
German-born
American
anthropologist
Franz
Boas
developed
a
new
theory
of
culture
known
as
historical
particularism.
Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new
direction to anthropology. 43._____________.
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as
the result of a
unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary
stage or type of culture. 44.____________.
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in
American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But
a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory
of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural
achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to
diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist É
mile Durkheim developed a theory
of
culture
that
would
greatly
influence
anthropology.
Durkheim
proposed
that
religious
beliefs
functioned
to
reinforce
social
solidarity.
An
interest
in
the
relationship
between
the
function
of
society
and
culture
—
known
as
functionalism
—
became
a
major
theme
in
European,
and
especially
British,
anthropology.
[A]
Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had
a single origin
and passed from
society to
society. This
theory was known as
diffusionism.
[B]
In
order
to
study
particular
cultures
as
completely
as
possible,
Boas
became
skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the
study of human biology and anatomy.
[C]
He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the

replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
[D]
They
also
focused
on
important
rituals
that
appeared
to
preserve
a
people's
social
structure,
such
as
initiation
ceremonies
that
formally
signify
children's
entrance into adulthood.
[E]
Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families,
forms
of
marriage,
categories
of
kinship,
ownership
of
property,
forms
of
government,
technology,
and
systems
of
food
production,
all
changed
as
societies evolved.
[F]
Supporters
of
the
theory
viewed
as
a
collection
of
integrated
parts
that
work
together to keep a society functioning.
[G]
For
example,
British
anthropologists
Grafton
Elliot
Smith
and
W.
J.
Perry
incorrectly
suggested,
on
the
basis
of
inadequate
information,
that
farming,
pottery
making,
and
metallurgy
all
originated
in
ancient
Egypt
and
diffused
throughout
the
world.
In
fact,
all
of
these
cultural
developments
occurred
separately at different times in many parts of the world.
Part C
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on
ANSWER SHEET 2
. (10
points)
There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from
living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the
education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of
the
association.
(46)
It
may
be
said
that
the
measure
of
the
worth
of
any
social
institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a
part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to
secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in
the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the
most
part,
because
of
enslavement
to
others,
etc.
(47)
Only
gradually
was
the
by-product
of
the
institution
noted,
and
only
more
gradually
still
was
this
effect
considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our
industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual
and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's
work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
But
in
dealing
with
the
young,
the
fact
of
association
itself
as
an
immediate
human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with
them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with
adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in
their
attitude
and
habits
is
too
urgent
to
leave
these
consequences
wholly
out
of
account.
(49)
Since
our
chief
business
with
them
is
to
enable
them
to
share
in
a
common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers
which will secure this ability.

If humanity has made some headway in realizing that
the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well
believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which
we have been so far considering, a more formal
kind of education -- that of direct
tuition
or
schooling.
In
undeveloped
social
groups,
we
find
very
little
formal
teaching
and
training.
These
groups
mainly
rely
for
instilling
needed
dispositions
into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their
group.

Part A
51. Directions:
Restrictions
on
the
use
of
plastic
bags
have
not
been
so
successful
in
some
regions.

pollution

still
going
on.
Write
a
letter
to
the
editor(s)
of
your
local newspaper to
give your opinions briefly and
make two or three suggestions
You should write about 100 words.
Do not
sign your own name at the end of
the letter. Use
do not
need to write the address.
Part B
52. Directions:
In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on
ANSHWER SHEET 2
. (20 points)
Section
Ⅲ

Writing

2009
年考研英语真题答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1.
B
6.
A
11.
D
16.
C
2.
A
7.
D
12.
B
17.
B
3.
D
8.
C
13.
C
18.
A
4.
B
9.
B
14.
D
19.
A
5.
C
10.
D
15.
A
20.
C
Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
21.
C
26.
A
31.
D
36.
B
22.
D
27.
C
32.
B
37.
B
23.
A
28.
D
33.
B
38.
D
24.
D
29.
A
34.
C
39.
A
25.
A
30.
B
35.
C
40.
C
Part B (10 points)
41.
C
42.
E
43.
A
44.
B
45.
G
Part C (10 points)
46.
虽 然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生
方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不 是我们最初的动机的组成部分。

47.
人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品 ，而人们把这种作用视为机构
运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。

48.
虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的
影响，然而在与成年人打交道 时这种情况就不那么容易发生。

49.
由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他 们能够在生活中彼此相融，因
此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。

50.
这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正
式的 教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。




2008
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one
of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is
大
1
家

to
say
it
anyway.
He
is
that
大
2
家

bird,
a
scientist
who
works
independently
大
3
家

any
institution.
He
helped
popularize
the
idea
that
some
diseases
not
大
4
家

thought
to
have
a
bacterial
cause
were
actually
infections,
which
aroused
much controversy when it was first suggested.
大
5
家

he, however, might tremble at the
大
6
家

of what he is about to do.
Together
with
another
two
scientists,
he
is
publishing
a
paper
which
not
only
大
7
家

that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains
the process that has brought this about. The group in
大
8
家

are a particular people
originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.
This
group
generally
do
well
in
IQ
test,
大
9
家

12-15
points
above
the
大
10
家

value
of
100,
and
have
contributed
大
11
家

to
the
intellectual
and
cultural
life
of
the
West,
as
the
大
12
家

of
their
elites,
including
several
world-renowned scientists,
大
13
家
. They also suffer more often than most people
from
a
number
of
nasty
genetic
diseases,
such
as
breast
cancer.
These
facts,
大
14
家
, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been
大
15
家

to
social effects, such as a strong tradition of
大
16
家

education. The latter was seen
as a (an)
大
17
家

of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence
and
diseases
are
intimately
大
18
家
.
His
argument
is
that
the
unusual
history
of
Use of English
these people has
大
19
家

them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted
in this
大
20
家

state of affairs.
1.
[A] selected
[B] prepared
2.
[A] unique
[B] particular
3.
[A] of
[B] with
4.
[A] subsequently
[B] presently
5.
[A] Only
[B] So
6.
[A] thought
[B] sight
7.
[A] advises
[B] suggests
8.
[A] progress
[B] fact
9.
[A] attaining
[B] scoring
10.
[A] normal
[B] common
11.
[A] unconsciously
[C] indefinitely
12.
[A] missions
[B] fortunes
13.
[A] affirm
[B] witness
14.
[A] moreover
[B] therefore
15.
[A] given up
[B] got over
16.
[A] assessing
[B] supervising
17.
[A] development
[B] origin
18.
[A] linked
[B] integrated
19.
[A] limited
[B] subjected
[C] obliged
[D] pleased
[C] special
[D] rare
[C] in
[D] against
[C] previously
[D] lately
[C] Even
[D] Hence
[C] cost
[D] risk
[C] protests
[D] objects
[C] need
[D] question
[C] reaching
[D] calculating
[C] mean
[D] total
[B] disproportionately
[D] unaccountably
[C] interests
[D] careers
[C] observe
[D] approve
[C] however
[D] meanwhile
[C] carried on
[D] put down
[C] administering
[D] valuing
[C] consequence
[D] instrument
[C] woven
[D] combined
[C] converted
[D] directed
20.
[A] paradoxical
[B] incompatible
[C] inevitable
Section II
Reading Comprehension
[D] continuous
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (40 points)
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41
—
45,
choose
the
most
suitable
one
from
the
list
A-G
to
fit
into
each
of
the
numbered
blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your
answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)
The
time
for
sharpening
pencils,
arranging
your
desk,
and
doing
almost
anything else instead of
writing has ended. The first
draft will appear on
the page
only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)
是
大家网原创出品

Be
flexible. Your outline should smoothly
conduct
you from one point
to
the
next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to
you
now,
work
it
into
the
draft.
(42)

是大家网原创出品

Grammar,
punctuation,
and spelling
can wait
until
you revise. Concentrate on what
you
are saying.
Good
writing
most
often
occurs
when
you
are
in
hot
pursuit
of
an
idea
rather
than
in
a
nervous search for errors.
(43)

是大家网原创出品

Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way,
and,
if
you
have
to
clip
a
paragraph
to
place
it
elsewhere,
you
will
not
lose
any
writing on the other side.
If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity
to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a
few simple keyboard commands.
Some software programs
can also
check spelling
and certain
grammatical elements
in
your writing.
(44)

是大家网原创出品

These
printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.
Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to
your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper
convincing. The student who wrote
“
The A & P as a State of Mind
”
wisely dropped a
paragraph
that
questioned
whether
Sammy
displays
chauvinistic
attitudes
toward
women. (45)

是大家网原创出品

Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper
many times
–
and then again
–
working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You
may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences
within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect
one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or
wordy
phrasing
or
unclear
sentences
and
paragraphs
should
be
mercilessly
poked
and prodded into shape.
[A]
To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so
that
you
can
easily
add
words,
sentences,
and
corrections.
Write
on
only
one
side of the paper.
[B]
After
you have clearly and adequately developed the body of
your paper, pay
particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It
’
s probably
best
to
write
the
introduction
last,
after
you
know
precisely
what
you
are
introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave
the reader with a final impression.
[C]
It
’
s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer
may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have
gone
into
it.
Many
writers
prudently
store
their
data
on
disks
and
print
their
pages
each
time
they
finish
a
draft
to
avoid
losing
any
material
because
of
power failures or other problems.
[D]
It
makes
no
difference
how
you
write,
just
so
you
do.
Now
that
you
have
developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin
to flesh out whatever outline you have made.
[E]
Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which
explains how the setting influences Sammy
’
s decision to quit his job. Instead of
including
that
paragraph,
she
added
one
that
described
Lengel
’
s
crabbed
response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P
“
policy
”
he enforces.
[F]
In
the
final
paragraph
about
the
significance
of
the
setting
in
“
A
&
P,
”

the
student
brings
together
the
reasons
Sammy
quit
his
job
by
referring
to
his
refusal to accept Lengel
’
s store policies.
[G]
By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you
will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of
good
writers don
’
t
use outlines at
all but
discover ordering principles as
they
write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.
Part C
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese.
Your
translation
should
be
written
clearly
on
ANSWER
SHEET
2
.
(10
points)
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese.
Your
translation
should
be
written
clearly
on
ANSWER
SHEET
2
.
(10
points)
In
his
autobiography,
Darwin
himself
speaks
of
his
intellectual
powers
with
extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in
expressing
himself
clearly
and
concisely,
but
(46)
he
believes/
that
this
very
difficulty /may have had the compensating advantage /of forcing him to think long
and
intently
about
every
sentence,
/and
thus
enabling
him
to
detect
errors
in
reasoning and in his own observations.
他相信这个困难具有回报性的优势，
能促使他在每次决断时考虑的更长远，
并且使他可以找 出他在推断和观察中的错误


He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit,
such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, /that his power to follow a long
and
purely
abstract
train
of
thought
/was
very
limited,
for
which
reason
he
felt
certain /that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.

他也认为不擅长长时间纯粹的思考，这正是他确信他不可能在数 学领域获
得成功的原因。


His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it
that he never could
remember
for more than a few days a single date or a line of
poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept /as well founded the charge made
by
some
of
his
critics
/that,
while
he
was
a
good
observer,
he
had
no
power
of
reasoning.

另一方面，当一些著名评论家指责说他虽然 是一名优秀的观察者，但他没有推
理的能力，但是他并不认同这些评论。


This,
he
thought,
could
not
be
true,
because
the
“
Origin
of
Species
”

is
one
long
argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one,
he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He
was willing to assert that
“
I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or
judgment,
such
as
every
fairly
successful
lawyer
or
doctor
must
have,
but
not,
I
believe, in any higher degree.
”
(49) He adds humbly that /perhaps he was
“
superior
to the common run of men /in noticing things /which easily escape attention, and in
observing them carefully.
”

他谦虚的补充道，也许我只是在注意到那些容易逃过我们注意力的事物和仔细
观察方面优于一般人。
Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three
respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the
age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly,
too,
pictures
had
given
him
considerable,
and
music
very
great,
delight.
In
1881,
however, he said:
“
Now for many
years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I
have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.
”
(50) Darwin was convinced
（
确
信的）

/that
the
loss
of
these
tastes
was
not
only
a
loss
of
happiness,
but
might
possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
达尔文证明到那些品味的缺失不仅是幸福感的缺失，而且可能损伤到智力，
并且更可能对道德品质造成伤害。




2007
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
[A], [B], [C] or [D] on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)14
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent
nations.
The
roughly
20
million
大
1
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of
these
nations
looked
大
2
家

to
the
future.
Born
in
the
crisis
of
the
old
regime
and
Iberian
Colonialism,
many
of
the
leaders
of
independence
大
3
家

the
ideals
of
representative
government,
careers
大
4
家

to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the
大
5
家

to private property,
and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.
大
6
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there was a belief that
the
new
nations
should
be
sovereign
and
independent
states,
large
enough
to
be
economically viable and integrated by a
大
7
家

set of laws.
Use of English
On
the
issue
of
大
8
家

of
religion
and
the
position
of
the
church,
大
9
家
,
there was less agreement
大
10
家

the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the
state
religion
and
the
only
one
大
11
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by
the
Spanish
crown.
大
12
家

most
leaders
sought
to
maintain
Catholicism
大
13
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the
official
religion
of
the
new
states, some sought to end the
大
14
家

of other faiths. The defense of the Church
became a rallying
大
15
家

for the conservative forces.
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing
equality
of
everything.
Bolivar
had
received
aid
from
Haiti
and
had
大
16
家

in
return
to
abolish
slavery
in
the
areas
he
liberated.
By
1854
slavery
had
been
abolished
everywhere
except
Spain
’
s
大
17
家

colonies.
Early
promises
to
end
Indian
tribute
and
taxes
on
people
of
mixed
origin
came
much
大
18
家

because
the
new
nations
still
needed
the
revenue
such
policies
大
19
家
.
Egalitarian
sentiments
were
often
tempered
by
fears
that
the
mass
of
the
population
was
D
大
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self-rule and democracy.
1.
[A] natives
[B] inhabitants
[C] peoples

[D] individuals
2.
[A] confusedly
[B] cheerfully
[C] worriedly

[D] hopefully
3.
[A] shared
[B] forgot
[C] attained

[D] rejected
4.
[A] related
[B] close
[C] open

[D] devoted
5.
[A] access
[B] succession
[C] right

[D] return
6.
[A] Presumably
[B] Incidentally
[C] Obviously

[D] Generally
7.
[A] unique
[B] common
[C] particular

[D] typical
8.
[A] freedom
[B] origin
[C] impact

[D] reform
9.
[A] therefore
[B] however
[C] indeed

[D] moreover
10.
[A] with
[B] about
[C] among

[D] by
11.
[A] allowed
[B] preached
[C] granted

[D] funded
12.
[A] Since
[B] If
[C] Unless

[D] While
13.
[A] as
[B] for
[C] under

[D] against
14.
[A] spread
[B] interference
[C] exclusion

[D] influence
15.
[A] support
[B] cry
[C] plea

[D] wish
16.
[A] urged
[B] intended
[C] expected

[D] promised
17.
[A] controlling
[B] former
[C] remaining

[D] original
18.
[A] slower
[B] faster
[C] easier

[D] tougher
19.
[A] created
[B] produced
[C] contributed

[D] preferred
20.
[A] puzzled by
[B] hostile to
[C] pessimistic about

[D] unprepared for
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to
do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A
—
G that
best
fits
the meaning of each numbered part of
the text
(41-45). The first
and last
paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do
not need to use. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)
A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids
B. Build Your Kids
’
Work Skills
C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis
E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
G
. Build Your Kids
’
Sense of Responsibility
How Can a Parent Help?
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for
their
kids.
Even
if
a
job
’
s
starting
salary
seems
too
small
to
satisfy
an
emerging
adult
’
s
need
for
rapid
content,
the
transition
from
school
to
work
can
be
less
of
a
setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn
from my book
Ready or Not, Here Life Comes
, that parents can take to prevent what
I call
“
work-life unreadiness.
”

大
41
家



You
can
start
this
process
when
they
are
11
or
12.
Periodically
review
their
emerging
strengths
and
weaknesses
with
them
and
work
together
on
any
shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify
the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers
that will fit them best.
大
42
家



Kids need a range of authentic role models
–
as opposed to members of their
clique, pop stars
and vaunted athletes.
Have regular dinner- table discussions
about
people
the
family
knows
and
how
they
got
where
they
are.
Discuss
the
joys
and
downsides
of
your
own
career
and
encourage
your
kids
to
form
some
ideas
about
their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from
saying
“I
have no idea.
”
They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a
foggy view of the future is of little good.
大
43
家



Teachers
are
responsible
for
teaching
kids
how
to
learn;
parents
should
be
responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house
and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time
job.
Kids
need
plenty
of
practice
delaying
gratification
and
deploying
effective
organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.
大
44
家



Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV
shows
with
canned
laughter
only
teaches
kids
to
process
information
in
a
passive
way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats
for
long
stretches
encourages
kids
to
stay
inside
their
bubble
instead
of
pursuing
other
endeavors.
All
these
activities
can
prevent
the
growth
of
important
communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind
of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.
大
45
家



They
should
know
how
to
deal
with
setbacks,
stresses
and
feelings
of
inadequacy.
They
should
also
learn
how
to
solve
problems
and
resolve
conflicts,
ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice
doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and
wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play,
but
now
it
is
more
delicate.
They
have
to
be
careful
not
to
come
across
as
disappointed
in
their
child.
They
should
exhibit
strong
interest
and
respect
for
whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may
seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these
new
adults
must
feel
that
they
are
respected
and
supported
by
a
family
that
appreciates them.
Part C
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese.
Your
translation
should
be
written
clearly
on
ANSWER
SHEET
2
.
(10
points)
The
study
of
law
has
been
recognized
for
centuries
as
a
basic
intellectual
discipline in European universities. However, only in recent
years has it become a
feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal
learning
has
been
viewed
in
such
institutions
as
the
special
preserve
of
lawyers,
rather
than
a
necessary
part
of
the
intellectual
equipment
of
an
educated
person.
Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself
in
a
number
of
Canadian
universities
and
some
have
even
begun
to
offer
undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general
education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law
is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides
opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the
other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the
links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For
example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work
in
the
process
of
journalistic
judgment
and
production
just
as
in
courts
of
law.
Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of
a journalist
’
s intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly
than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and
special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning
of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the
way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to
see
how
journalists
who
do
not
have
a
clear
grasp
of
the
basic
features
of
the
Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary
subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is
an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by
lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is
preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their
own
judgments.
These
can
only
come
from
a
well-grounded
understanding
of
the
legal system.
Section III
Writing
Part A
51.
Directions:
Write
a
letter
to
you
university
library,
making
suggestions
for
improving
its
service.
You should write about 100 words on
ANSWER SHEET 2
.
Do not
sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use
“
Li Ming
”
instead.
Do not
write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52.
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,
you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) support your view with an example/examples.
You should write neatly on
ANSWER SHEET 2
. (20 points)

2007
年考研英语真题答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1.
B
6.
D
11.
A
16.
D
2.
D
7.
B
12.
D
17.
C
3.
A
8.
A
13.
A
18.
A
4.
C
9.
B
14.
C
19.
B
5.
C
10.
C
15.
B
20.
D
Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
21.
C
26.
D
31.
C
36.
D
22.
B
27.
C
32.
B
37.
A
23.
A
28.
A
33.
D
38.
B
24.
D
29.
A
34.
C
39.
A
25.
C
30.
B
35.
B
40.
D
Part B (10 points)
41.
F
42.
D
43.
B
44.
C
45.
E
Part C (10 points)
46.
长 久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个
受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部 分。

47.
另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天 报
道和评论新闻的做法是相同的。

48.
新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻 地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对新
闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。

49.
事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者
何以 能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

50.
尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量，但 新闻记者最好凭借他们自己
对重要性的理解自行做出判断。









2006
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
[A], [B], [C] or [D] on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America
’
s population.
大
1
家

homelessness
has
reached
such
proportions
that
local
governments
can
’
t
possibly
大
2
家
.
To
help
homeless
people
大
3
家

independence,
the
federal
government
must
support
job
training
programs,
大
4
家

the
minimum
wage,
and
fund
more
low-cost housing.
大
5
家

everyone
agrees
on
the
number
of
Americans
who
are
homeless.
Estimates
大
6
家

anywhere
from
600,000
to
3
million.
大
7
家

the
figure
may
vary,
analysts
do
agree
on
another
matter:
that
the
number
of
the
homeless
is
大
8
家
.
One
of
the
federal
government’s
studies
大
9
家

that
the
number
of
the
homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
Finding
ways
to
大
10
家

this
growing
homeless
population
has
become
increasingly
difficult.
大
11
家

when
homeless
individuals
manage
to
find
a
大
12
家

that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good
number still spend the bulk of each day
大
13
家

the street. Part of the problem is
that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number
of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,
大
14
家

not addicted
or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday
大
15
家

skills needed to turn their lives
大
16
家
.
Boston
Globe

reporter
Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve
only
when
there
are
大
17
家

programs
that
address
the
many
needs
of
the
homeless.
大
18
家

Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley
Use of English
College
in
Massachusetts,
大
19
家

it,
“There
has
to
be
大
20
家

of
programs.
What’
s needed
is a package deal.”

1.
[A] Indeed
[B] Likewise
[C] Therefore

[D] Furthermore
2.
[A] stand
[B] cope
[C] approve

[D] retain
3.
[A] in
[B] for
[C] with

[D] toward
4.
[A] raise
[B] add
[C] take

[D] keep
5.
[A] generally
[B] almost
[C] hardly

[D] not
6.
[A] cover
[B] change
[C] range

[D] differ
7.
[A] Now that
[B] Although
[C] Provided

[D] Except that
8.
[A] inflating
[B] expanding
[C] increasing

[D] extending
9.
[A] predicts
[B] displays
[C] proves

[D] discovers
10.
[A] assist
[B] track
[C] sustain

[D] dismiss
11.
[A] Hence
[B] But
[C] Even

[D] Only
12.
[A] lodging
[B] shelter
[C] dwelling

[D] house
13.
[A] searching
[B] strolling
[C] crowding

[D] wandering
14.
[A] when
[B] once
[C] while

[D] whereas
15.
[A] life
[B] existence
[C] survival

[D] maintenance
16.
[A] around
[B] over
[C] on

[D] up
17.
[A] complex
[B] comprehensive
[C] complementary

[D] compensating
18.
[A] So
[B] Since
[C] As

[D] Thus
19.
[A] puts
[B] interprets
[C] assumes

[D] makes
20.
[A] supervision
[B] manipulation
[C] regulation

[D] coordination
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],
[B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (40 points)
Part B
Directions:
In the following
article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45,
choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps.
There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark
your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1
. (10 points)
On
the
north
bank
of
the
Ohio
river
sits
Evansville,
Ind.,
home
of
David
Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played).
During
several
years
of
gambling
in
that
casino,
Williams,
a
state
auditor
earning
$$35,000
a
year,
lost
approximately
$$175,000.
He
had
never
gambled
before
the
casino sent him a coupon for $$20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $$20 and left. On his second visit he lost $$800. The
casino
issued
to
him,
as
a
good
customer,
a

Card
which
when
used
in
the
casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user
’
s
gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls
heroin
(41)
________.
In
1997
he
lost
$$21,000
to
one
slot
machine
in
two
days.
In
March 1997 he lost $$72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all
night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened
at
9
a.m.
Now
he
is
suing
the
casino,
charging
that
it
should
have
refused
his
patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In
March
1998
a
friend
of
Williams
’
s
got
him
involuntarily
confined
to
a
treatment
center
for
addictions,
and
wrote
to
inform
the
casino
of
Williams
’
s
gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned
gamblers,
and
wrote
to
him
a
“cease
admissions”
letter
.
Noting
the
medical/psychological
nature
of
problem
gambling
behavior,
the
letter
said
that
before
being
readmitted
to
the
casino
he
would
have
to
present
medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would
pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(42) ________.
The Wall Street Journal
reports that the casino has 24 signs warning:
“
Enjoy the
fun...
and
always
bet
with
your
head,
not
over
it
.”
Every
entrance
ticket
lists
a
toll-free
number
for
counseling
from
the
Indiana
Department
of
Mental
Health.
Nevertheless
,
Williams’s
suit
charges
that
the
casino,
knowing
he
was
“helplessly
addicted
to
gambling,
”
intentionally
worked
to
“l
ur
e”
him
to
“engage
in
conduct
against his will.
”
Well.
(43) ________.
The fourth edition of
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

says
“
pathological
gambling
”

involves
persistent,
recurring
and
uncontrollable
pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(44)
________.
Pushed
by
science,
or
what
claims
to
be
science,
society
is
reclassifying
what
once
were
considered
character
flaws
or
moral
failings
as
personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(45) ________.
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to
varying
degrees
dependent
on
--
you
might
say
addicted
to
--
revenues
from
wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition
for gambler
s’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of
Newsweek
reported
that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $$3.5 billion
being
lost
on
Internet
wagers
this
year,
gambling
has
passed
pornography
as
the
Web’s most profitable business.

[A]
Although no such
evidence was presented, the casino
’
s marketing department
continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his
Fun Card without being detected.
[B]
It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in
what sense was his will operative?
[C]
By the time he had lost $$5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to
even, he would quit. One night he won $$5,500, but he did not quit.
[D]
Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long
time
it
was
broadly
considered
a
sin,
or
a
social
disease.
Now
it
is
a
social
policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is
the government.
[E]
David Williams
’
s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don
’
t bet on it.
[F]
It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,
often
defining
as
addictions
what
earlier,
sterner
generations
explained
as
weakness of will.
[G]
The
anonymous,
lonely,
undistracted
nature
of
online
gambling
is
especially
conducive
to
compulsive
behavior.
But
even
if
the
government
knew
how
to
move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
Part C
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese.
Your
translation
should
be
written
clearly
on
ANSWER
SHEET
2
.
(10
points)
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account
in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part
of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America.
But
they have done more than that.
They have
grown dissatisfied with
the role of
intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I
shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in
life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (
苏格拉底
) way about moral problems. He
explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual
questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems
appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.
47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of
revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him
to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --
the
average
scientist,
for
one.
48)
I
have
excluded
him
because,
while
his
accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been
charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
Like
other
human
beings,
he
encounters
moral
issues
even
in
the
everyday
performance
of
his
routine
duties
--
he
is
not
supposed
to
cook
his
experiments,
manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think
about
the
moral
code
which
governs
his
activity,
any
more
than
a
businessman
is
expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman
takes his ethics.
The
definition
also
excludes
the
majority
of
teachers,
despite
the
fact
that
teaching
has
traditionally
been
the
method
whereby
many
intellectuals
earn
their
living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of
them
make
little
or
no
independent
reflections
on
human
problems
which
involve
moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being
learned
in
some
branch
of
human
knowledge
is
one
thing,
living
in

and
ill
ustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say,
is something else.
Section III
Writing
Part A
51.
Directions
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a
remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a
candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will
carry out your plan.
Write
your
letter
in
no
less
than
100
words.
Write
it
neatly
on
ANSWER
SHEET 2
.
Do not
sign your own name at the end of the letter; use
“
Li Ming
”
instead.
Do not
write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52.
Directions:
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should
1. describe the photos briefly,
2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and
3. give your point of view.
You
should
write
160-200
words
neatly
on
ANSWER
SHEET
2
.
(20
points)

有两幅图片，图
1
把崇拜写在脸上；图
2
花
300
元做“小贝头”

注：
Beckham
是英国足球明星

有两张照片，一张照片上有一 位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照
片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉 姆的发型。

2006
年考研英语真题答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1.
[A]
6.
[C]
11.
[C]
16.
[A]
2.
[B]
7.
[B]
12.
[B]
17.
[B]
3.
[D]
8.
[C]
13.
[D]
18.
[C]
4.
[A]
9.
[A]
14.
[C]
19.
[A]
5.
[D]
10.
[A]
15.
[C]
20.
[D]
Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
21.
[C]
26.
[A]
31.
[C]
36.
[D]
Part B (10 points)
22.
[A]
27.
[B]
32.
[A]
37.
[B]
23.
[C]
28.
[C]
33.
[C]
38.
[D]
24.
[D]
29.
[D]
34.
[D]
39.
[B]
25.
[B]
30.
[D]
35.
[B]
40.
[A]
41.
[C]
Part C (10 points)
42.
[A]
43.
[B]
44.
[F]
45.
[D] 46
．我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首
要责任和快 乐的人。

47
．他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来 展示
自己做出决定的推理过程。

48
．我之所以把他（普通科学家）排除在 外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助
于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面 。

49
．但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指< br>望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。

50
．他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为 了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或
没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。





2005
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
[A], [B], [C] or [D] on
ANSWER SHEET 1
(10 points)10
The
human
nose
is
an
underrated
tool.
Humans
are
often
thought
to
be
insensitive
smellers
compared
with
animals,
大
1
家

this
is
largely
because,
大
2
家

animals,
we
stand
upright.
This
means
that
our
noses
are
大
3
家

to
perceiving those smells which float through the air,
大
4
家

the majority of smells
which
stick
to
surfaces.
In
fact,
大
5
家
,
we
are
extremely
sensitive
to
smells,
大
6
家

we
do
not
generally
realize
it.
Our
noses
are
capable
of
大
7
家

human
smells even when these are
大
8
家

to far below one part in one million.
Strangely,
some
people
find
that
they
can
smell
one
type
of
flower
but
not
another,
大
9
家

others
are
sensitive
to
the
smells
of
both
flowers.
This
may
be
because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate
大
10
家

smell
receptors
in
the
nose.
These
receptors
are
the
cells
which
sense
smells
and
send
大
11
家

to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a
certain smell
大
12
家
D can suddenly become sensitive to it when
大
13
家

to it
often enough.
The
explanation
for
insensitivity
to
smell
seems
to
be
that
the
brain
finds
it
大
14
家

to
keep
all
smell
receptors
working
all
the
time
but
can
大
15
家

new
receptors if necessary. This may
大
16
家

explain why we are not usually sensitive
to our own smells
—
we simply do not need to be. We are not
大
17
家

of the usual
smell of our own house, but we
大
18
家

new
smells when we visit someone else’s.
The
brain
finds
it
best
to
keep
smell
receptors
大
19
家

for
unfamiliar
and
Use of English

好听的人物名字-

好听的人物名字-

好听的人物名字-

好听的人物名字-

好听的人物名字-

好听的人物名字-

好听的人物名字-

好听的人物名字-