祈使句结构

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2021年01月20日 22:05
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2021年1月20日发(作者:董智勇)
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祈使句结构




祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。


1
)祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加
do
(但只限于省略第
二人称主语的句子)。例如:






Take this seat.
坐这儿。






Do be careful.
务必小心。




否定结构:例如:






Don't move.
不准动。






Don't be late.
不要迟到。


2
)第二种祈使句以
let
开头。





Let
的反意疑问句:




a. Let's
包括说话者。例如:






Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try?
我们再试一次,
如何?






b. Let us
不包括说话者。例如:





Let us have another try

will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try?

让我们再试一次,好吗?




否定结构:例如:




Let's not talk of that matter.
不要谈这件事。




Let us not talk of that matter.
你不要让我们谈这件事。


13.2
感叹句结构




感叹句通常有
what, how
引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what
修饰名词,
how
修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:




掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。


How +
形容词
+ a +
名词
+
陈述语序。例如:
How clever a boy he is!
他是多聪明的孩子!


How+
形容词或副词
+
陈述语序。例如:
How lovely the baby is!
小毛头真可爱!


What +
名词
+
陈述语序。例如:
What noise they are making!
他们真吵!


What +a+
形容词
+
名词
+
陈述语序。例如:
What a clever boy he is!
他是多聪明的孩子!


What+
形容词
+
复数名词
+
陈述语序。例如:
What wonderful ideas

we have

!
我们的主意
真棒!


What+
形容词
+
不可数名词
+
陈述语序。例如:
What cold weather it is!
多冷的天!


What a clever boy he is!
的省略形式为:
What a clever boy!

典型例题


1

___ food you've cooked!

A. How a nice


B. What a nice


C. How nice


D. What nice



答案
D.
由于
How
修饰形容词,副词;
what
修饰名词。且
f ood
为不可数名词,因此
A

B
排除。
C


How + adj.
后面不能再加名词,
因此只有
D
正确,
其句型为
What + adj. +n.


可数)。


2

___terrible weather we've been having these days!



















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A. What


B. What a


C. How


D. How a





答案
A. weather
为不可数名词,
B

D
排除。
C

how + adj.
后面不应有名词。只有
A

符合句型
What +
形容词
+
不可数名词。


3


--- _____ I had!




--- You really suffered a lot.

A. What a time


B. What time



C. How a time



D. how time



答案
A.

感叹句分两类:







1

What + n.+
主谓部分







2

How + adj. / adv. / v.+
主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了
bad
,相对于

What
a bad time I had!
这是个习惯用语。


13.3
强调句结构


常用的强调句结构是
it
引导的句子,结构为
It is

was

+
被强调部分
+ that

who


+

子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语,宾语和状语。例如:




It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。




It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
知道读了你的
信,我才知道实际情形。


典型例题


1

It was last night ___ I see the comet.

A.

the time

B.

when


C.

that


D.

which



答案
C.
强调句的结构是:

It +be +
强调部分

+ that

who
))
+
主谓句。

强调句的 连
词只有两个,
that

who
。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的 主语时,才用


,其余用
that
。再如:原句:
My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.





强调主语:

It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.



强调宾语:

It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.



强调时间:

It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
(注意不

when





强调地点:

It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

2

It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.

A. that

B. when


C. since


D. as



答案
C.
考点是连词用法。
本题易误选为
A. that.
其实本句不是强调句。
若是,
去掉
It be…
that
还应是一个完整的句子。
而本句去掉


'It is…that
'

只剩下
ten years Miss Green returned to
Canada.
不成句。因此本句不是强调句。


13.4
用助动词进行强调




句子的强调句还可以用助动词
do

did

does


强调谓语。例如:




She does like this horse.

她的确喜欢这匹马。




Please do take care of yourself.
千万保重。


13.5
反意疑问句


1


陈述部分的主语是
I
,疑问部分要用

aren't I
。例如:


















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I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?
我跟你姐一样高,对吗?


2


陈述部分的谓语是
wish
,疑问部分要用
may +
主语。例如:


I wish to have a word with you, may I?
我想与你说句话,行吗?


3


陈述部分用

no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little
等否定含义的词
时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:
Some plants never blown
(开花)
, do they ?
有些植物从
不开花,对吗?


4


含有
ought to
的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用
shouldn't / oughtn't +

语。例如:





He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
他应该知道该做什么,对吗?


5


陈述部分有
have to +v.

had to + v.
),疑问部分常用
don't +
主语(
didn't +
主语)。
例如:





We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是
吗?


6


陈述部分的谓语是
used to
时,疑问部分用
didn't +
主语或

usedn't +
主语。例如:





He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗?


7


陈述部分有
had better + v.
疑问句部分用
hadn't you?
例如:





You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
你最好自己去读,好吗?


8


陈述部分有
would rather +v.
,疑问部分多用

wouldn't +
主语。例如:





He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
他宁可读十遍也不愿意背
诵,是吗?


9


陈述部分有
You'd like to +v.
疑问部分用
wouldn't +
主语。例如:





You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
你想和我们一块去,对吗?


10


陈述部分有
must
的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如:





He must be a doctor, isn't he?
他肯定是医生,是吗?





You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
你一定读过三
年英语,对吗?





He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗?


11


感叹句中,疑问部分用
be +
主语。例如:





What colors, aren't they?
多漂亮的颜色,是吗?



12


陈述部分由
neither… nor, either… or
连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑
意义而定。


Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?


13


陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词
everything, that, nothing, this,
疑问部分主语用
it

例如:





Everything is ready, isn't it?
一切就绪,是吗?


14


陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:




a.
并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如:


Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?




b.
带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如:


















▓点亮心灯
~~~///(^v^)~~~
照亮人生


















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