一般过去时

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2021年01月21日 08:58
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2021年1月21日发(作者:张铁林)













一.
一般过去时口诀:


1.
一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。


2.
动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。


3.
否定句很简单,
didn't
站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。


4.
一般疑问句也好变,< br>did
放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。


5.
特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。


6.
最后一条请注意,动词过去


二.
一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构



概念< br>:
一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习
惯性、
反复性的动作。
谓语动词要用动词的过去式,
常和表示过去的时间状语连
用,如yesterday
昨天、
last night
昨晚、
last week
上周、
last year
去年等。

Be
动词的一般过去时

在没有实义动词的句子中使用
be
动词,

am is
的过去式为
was; are
的过去式

were
肯定句式:主语

+ be(was , were) +
其它
.
否定句式:主语

+ be(was , were) + not +
其它
.
一般疑问句:
Be(was , were) +
主语

+
其它?

注:在这种构成中,
be
动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用
was / were

Be
动词分为单数和复数,
was
是表示单数,were
是表示复数。

2
实义动词的一般过去时态

肯定句要使用动词的过去式,
否定句和疑问句要使用助动词
do


does
的过去


did.

肯定句式:主语

+
动词(过去式)
+
其它

否定句式:主语

+ didn’t +
动词(原形)
+
其它


did not = didn’t


一般疑问句:
Did +
主语
+
动词
(原形)
+
其它

do , does
的过去时均为
did





1.
did

didn’t
是构成一般过去时的助动词,
其特点是要在其后跟动词的原
形。

2.

实意动词
do
的一般过去时


I
do
my
homework
every day.(

yesterday
改写句子
)
I
did
my
homework
yesterday.
I

didn’t do
my
homework
yesterday.(
否定句
)
Did
you
do
your
homework
yesterday




Yes ,I did.

/No,

I didn’t.(
一般疑问句
)




3
情态动词的一般过去时态

情态动词的过去式:
can→could , may→might , must→must

will-would

should-should


特殊疑问句式:

特殊疑问词
+be
过去式
+
主语
+
其他?

特殊疑问词
+
情态助动词过去式
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他?

特殊疑问词
+do/does
过去式
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他?

What was your former name


你以前叫什么名字?

Why was he late for school last Monday


上星期一他为什么迟到?

What could she do twenty years ago


20
年前她能做什么?

三.一般过去时的判断标志词

yesterday , the day before yesterday , last +
时间

, this morning

时间

+ ago ,
just now , a moment ago , in +
过去的时间

,
注意:一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和
often
经常,

always
总是,
once a week
一周一次,等表示频度的时间状语连用

四.一般过去时的基本用法



表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。


He suddenly fell ill last night.


他昨晚突然病倒了。

②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作


She went to the cinema once a month .
③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事


She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a
walk.

她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。


五.动词过去式的变化规则


1.
规则变化


①一般情况下,直接加
ed
work
——
worked

look
——
looked

walk
——
walked



②以
e
结尾的单词,直接加
d
live
——
lived

hope
——
hoped

use
——
used




③以辅音字 母
+y
结尾的,变
y

i

ed
study
——
studied

carry
——
carried






④以元音字母
+y
结尾的,直接加
ed
enjoy
——
enjoyed


play
——
played

⑤以重读、一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节结尾的动词,双写最后的辅音字母
+ed
stop
——
stopped
plan
——
planned
prefer
——
preferred
六.
为了帮助同学们记住不 规则动词,
现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个
类型,
每个类型中又分若干组,< br>尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,
以帮助
记忆。

1. A

A

A
型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)

动词原形(现
过去式

在式)

cost

cost

cut

cut

hit

hit

let

let

put

put

read

read

hurt

hurt

过去分词

cost

cut

hit

let

put

read

hurt

含义

花费

割,切





放下





2. A

A

B
型(现在式和过去式同形)


动词原形(现
过去式

在式)

beat

beat


3. A

B

A
型(现在式和过去分词同形)


动词原形(现
过去式

在式)

come

came

become

became

run

ran


4. A

B

B
型(过去式和过去分词同形)


过去分词

beaten

含义



过去分词

come

become

run

含义









1
)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母
d
t
构成过去式或过去分词。


动词原形(现在式)


去式

burn

learn

mean

hear

burnt

learned/learnt

meant

heard

过去分词

burnt

learned/learnt

meant

heard

含义

燃烧

学习

意思

听见


2
)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母
“d”
改为
“t”
构成过去式或过去分词。


动词原形(现在式)


去式

build

lend

lose

send

spend


3
)其他


动词原形(现在式)

过去式

pay

lay

say

bring

buy

think

sleep

keep

sweep

stand

understand

win

shine

catch


过去分词

built

lent

lost

sent

spent

含义

建筑

借给

失去



花费

built

lent

lost

sent

spent

过去分词

paid

laid

said

brought

bought

thought

slept

kept

swept

stood

understood

won

shone/shined

caught

含义



下蛋



带来







保持





明白

得胜

发光

抓住

paid

laid

said

brought

bought

thought

slept

kept

swept

stood

understood

won

shone/shined

caught


teach

feel

fight

find

get

hang

have

hold

leave

make

meet

sell

shoot

tell

smell

sit

dig

taught

felt

fought

found

got

hanged

hung

had

held

left

made

met

sold

shot

told

smelt/smelled

sat

dug

taught

felt

fought

found

got

hanged

hung

had

held

left

made

met

sold

shot

told

smelt/smelled

sat

dug



觉得

战斗

发现

得到

绞死





盛,握

离开

制造

遇见



射击

告诉

嗅,闻





5. A

B

C
型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)

6.

1
)在动词原形后加
-n

-en
构成过去分词。

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

eat

fall

steal

give

freeze

take

see

write

ride

drive

throw

blow

grow

know

ate

fell

stole

gave

froze

took

saw

wrote

rode

drove

threw

blew

grew

knew

过去分词

eaten

fallen

stolen

given

frozen

taken

seen

written

ridden

driven

thrown

blown

grown

known

含义



落下





冻结



看见





驾驶

抛,扔



生长

知道



fly

draw

show


flew

drew

showed

flown

drawn

shown



拉,绘画

展示


2
)过 去式加
-n

-en
构成过去分词。


动词原形(现
过去式

在式)

speak

spoke

break

broke

wake

choose

forget

过去分词

spoken

broken

含义

说话

破碎,折


waked/
wok
waked/
wak


e

en

chose

chosen

选择

forgot

forgotten

忘记

(< br>3

变单词在重读音节中的元音字母
“i”
分别为
“a”(过去式)

“u”
(过去分词)



动词原形(现在式)

过去式

begin

ring

sing

sink

swim

drink



4
)其他不规则动词的变化。


动词原形(现在式)


去式

be(am,
is)

be(are)

do

go

lie


过去分词

begun

rung

sung

sunk

swum

drunk

含义

开始

按铃





游泳



began

rang

sang

sank

swam

drank

过去分词

含义

was

were

did

went

lay

been

done

gone

lain










wear

wore

worn

穿










一般过去时练习题


一、
写出下列动词的过去式


isam_________
fly_______
plant________
are
________
drink______


play_______
go________
make
________
does_________
dance____

worry________
ask
_____
taste_________
eat__________
draw______

put
______
throw________
kick_________
pass_______
do
________


二、用
be
动词的适当形式填空


1.
I
______
an
English
teacher
now.

2.
She
_______
happy
yesterday.

3.
They
_______
glad
to
see
each
other
last
month.

4.
Helen
and
Nancy
________
good
friends.

5.
The
little
dog
_____
two
years
old
this
year.

6.
Look,
there
________
lots
of
grapes
here.

7.
There
________
a
sign
on
the
chair
on
Monday.

8.
Today
_____
the
second
of
June.
Yesterday
______
the
first
of
June.

It
_____
Children's
Day.
All
the
students
______
very
excited.


三、句型变换

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