一般过去时的用法和结构
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2021年01月21日 12:31
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一般过去时的用法及结构
1
.
一般过去时的基本用法
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,< br>也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动
作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如
yesterd ay, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago
等。
【举例】
I got up at 6:30 yesterday.
我昨天
6:30
起床。
My father was very busy last week.
我父亲上周很忙。
2
.
一般过去时的基本结构
⑴
肯 定句“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+
was
/
were
+其他”< br>。
【举例】
I played tennis last weekend.
我上周末打网球了。
My school trip was great.
我的学校郊游棒极了。
⑵
否定句“主语+
didn< br>’
t
+动词原形+其他”或“主语+
wasn
’
t
/
weren
’
t
+其他”
。
【举例】
The girl didn
’
t play computer games yesterday afternoon.
这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。
Old Henry wasn
’
t happy last Friday.
上星期五老亨利不高兴。
⑶
一般疑问句“
Did
+主语+动词原形+其他?”
肯定回答为“
Yes
,主语+
did
”
,
否定回答为“
No
,主语+
didn
’
t
”或者“
Was
/
Were
+主语+其他?”
肯定回答为“
Ye s
,主语+
was
/
were
”
,
否定 回答为“
No
,主语+
wasn
’
t
/
weren
’
t
”
。
【举例】—
Did you go to the beach?
你们去海滩了吗?
—
Yes, we did.
/
No, we didn
’
t.
是的,我们去了。/不,我们没有。
—
Was your weekend OK?
你的周末过得还行吧?
—
Yes, it was.
/
No, it wasn
’
t.
是的,还行。/不,不行。
⑷
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(顺序)?
【举例】—
What did Li Lei do last weekend?
李雷上周末干什么了?
—
He visited his grandparents.
他去看了他的祖父母。
—
Where were you yesterday?
你昨天在哪儿?
—
I was at home.
我在家里。
为了便于记忆行为动词
(实义动词)的一般过去时用法及结构,
我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记
忆:动词一般过去时,表示过去发生 事。
谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志。
否定形式很简单,主语之后
didn
’
t
添。
谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则,主语前面加
did
。
过去式的构成
be
动词和实义动词过去式的构成:
⑴
系动词
be
的过去式有两种形式:
was
和
were
。其中
was
是
am
和
is
的过去式,
were
是
are
的过去式。
⑵
规则动词过去式的构成:
①一般在动词末尾加—
ed
。
【举例】
walk
→
walked play
→
played
②以不发音
e
结尾的动词末尾只加—
d
。
【举例】
love
→
loved decide
→
decided
③结尾是
“辅音字母+
y
”
的动词。
先将
y
变为
i
,
再加—
ed
。
【举例】
study
→
studied carry
→
carried
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写该辅音字母,再加—
ed
。
【举例】
stop
→
stopped plan
→
planned
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规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆:
过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加—
ed
如果词尾有个
e
(不发音的)
,只需直接加上—
d
。
“辅音字母+
y
”在词尾,变
y
为
i
加—
ed
。
“一辅重闭”作尾巴,双写之后加—
ed
。
随堂练习:
一.写出下列动词的过去式。
/
is ________
_______
________
_______
’
t _________
6. aren
’
t ________ ________
_______
________
_______
_______
_________
二.用适当的词完成下列对话。
1.
—
How was your weekend?
—
It ______ great.
—
What _______ you ______ last weekend ?
—
I _______ some homework.
2.
—
What ______ she ______ last weekend?
—
She _______ to the beach.
3.
—
What _______ they do last weekend?
—
They ________ to the movies.
三.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.
____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday.
3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year?
4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday?
old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor.
________ (have) a party last night.
__________ (visit) the museum and went home.
8.
—
How _______ (be) the students?
—
They were very friendly.
often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school.
had great fun _______ (play) in the water.
made me ______ (feel) very happy.
12.
—
______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine?
—
No, he didn
’
t.
_________(buy) a guitar yesterday.
四.句型转换。
1. He came here last month. (
改为否定句
) He _______ _______ here last month.
2..They played football this morning. (
改
为
一
般
疑
问
句
并
作
简
略
回
答
)
______ they _______ football this morning?
—
Yes, they _______.
/
No, they _________ .
went to Beijing last year. (
就划线部分提问
)
_________ _________ they ________ last year.
watched TV last night. (
改为一般疑问句
)
_______ Tom _______ TV last night?
does homework every day. (
用
last night
改写句子
)
Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________ .
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一般现在时的用法与结构
1
、一般现在时的定义及构成
一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。
(1)
be(am,is,are)
动词
:
(
作谓语动词时
) < br>肯定句
:
主语
+be
动词
(am,is,are)+
其它。
如:
①
I am a student.(
主语
+be
动词
+
名词
)
②
They are hungry.
(主语
+be
动词
+
形容词)
③
He is out.(
主语
+be
动词
+
副词
)
④
That pen is mine.(
主语
+be
动词
+
代词
)
⑤
I am fifteen.(
主语
+be
动词
+
数词
)
⑥
The bike is under the tree.(
主语
+be
动词
+
介词短语
)
运用
am,is,are
写三个句子
否定句:主语
+ be(am,is,are) + not +
其它。
如:
He is not a worker.
他不是工人。
运用
am,is,are
写三个句子
一般疑问句:
Be(am,is,are) +
主语
+
其它。
如:
-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
运用
am,is,are
写三个句子
特殊疑问句:疑问词
+
一般疑问句。
如:
Where is my bike?
运用
am,is,are
写三个句子
特殊疑问句:
疑问词(
what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape,
what colour,
)
,
找句子中有没有
be
动词(
is, am
或者
are
)或情态动词或者助动词
(特殊疑问句
:
疑问词
+be
动词(
is, am
或者
are
)或情态动词或者助动词
+
其他
?
)
(2)
行为动词
:主语
+
行为动词
+
(其它)。
(作谓语动词时
) 1)
主语不是第三人称单数时,
肯定句为:主语
+
动词原形
+
其它
否定式为:主语
+don't+
动词原形
+
其它
疑问句为:
Do+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它?
e.g.
①
We speak Chinese.
②
Do you speak Chinese? ---Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
③
They don't speak Chinese.
写三个句子
2)
当主语是第三人称单数时:
(he,she,it,A/An,
单独的人或事物
:Lily/book)
肯定 句为
:
主语
+
动词(词尾加
s
或
es
)< br>+
其它。
否定式为:主语
+doesn't+
动词原形
+
其它
.
疑问句式:
Does+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它?< br>
①
He speaks English.
②
He doesn't speaks English.
③
- Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
写三个句子
特殊疑问句:疑问词
+
一般疑问句。如:
How does your father go to work?
3)
动词
+s
的变化规则
(1)
一般情况下,直接加
-s
,如:
cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)
以
s. x. sh. ch. o
结尾,加
-es
,如:
guess-guesses, wash- washes, watch-watches, go-goes
(3)
以
辅音字母
+y
结尾,变
y
为
i,
再加
-es
,如:
study-studies
(3)
情态动词(作谓语动词时
)(can,could,be able to,may,might,must,have to,need,shall,should,
will,would)
时,
句子结构为:
肯定句:主语
+
情态动词
+
动词原形。
否定句:主语
+
情态动词
+not+
动词原形
一 般疑问句
;
情态动词
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他?
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特殊疑问句:疑问词
+
情态动词
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他?
Eg:
①
He can speak English.
②
Can I help you? What can I do for you?
在实际应用中,一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month
…
),
once a week, on Sundays
……
例句:
He usually plays football on Sundays.
一、
写出下列动词的第三人称单数
talk______forget______h ope______stop______perform______play______say
buy______worry______fly______study_______like____ ___make______take__
love_______recite_______b ecome_______come_______drive_______
二、句型转换
1. The children have a good time in the park.
否定句:
_________________ _________________________
一般疑问句:
_______ _________________________________
对划线部分提问:< br>____________________________________
2. There is about nine hundred people at the concert.
否定句:
______________________________________ ____
一般疑问句:
_______________________________ _________
对划线部分提问:
_____________________ _______________
3. Ann does her homework yesterday evening.
否定句:
________________ __________________________
一般疑问句:
______ __________________________________
对划线部分提问:
____________________________________
4. I read an English book.
否定句:
_______ ___________________________________
一般疑问句:< br>________________________________________
肯定
/
否定回答:
_____________________________ _______
对划线部分提问:
___________________ _________________
5. My brother is in the park just now.
否定句:
________________ __________________________
一般疑问句:
______ __________________________________
对划线部分提问:
____________________________________
一般现在时第三人称单数句型转换练习
1. I go to school before 7:00 in the morning.
( he ) __________ ________________________________________________
2. I always go shopping with my mum on Sunday.
( she ) ______________________________________ ____________________
3.I sometimes play computer games after school on Sunday.
( he ) __________________________________________________ ________
4. I always take exercise after class on Monday.
( my mother )_______________ ___________________________________________
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