般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时
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2021年01月21日 12:38
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知识点一：一般现在时
【知识梳理】
(1)
一般现在时的基本结构和变化
1.
一般现在时的结构
①
be
动词：主语
+be(am, is, are)+
其它。
. I am a boy.
我是一个男孩。
②行为动词：主语
+
行为动词
(+
其它
)
。一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则
在动词原形后加
或
. He gets up early in the morning.
2.
否定句和疑问句的变化
①
be
动词的变化：
A.
否定句：主语
+ be + not +
其它。
He is not a worker.
他不是工人。
B.
一般疑问句：
Be +
主语
+
其它。
---Are you a student?
---Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
C.
特殊疑问句：疑问词
+
一般疑问句。
Where is my bike?
②行为动词的变化：
A.
否定句：主语
+ don't( doesn't ) +
动词原形
(+
其它
)
。
I don't like bread. /
He doesn't like bread.
B.
一般疑问句：
Do ( Does ) +
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它。
---Do you often play football?
--- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
--- Does she go to work by bike?
--- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
C.
特殊疑问句：疑问词
+
一般疑问句。
How does your father go to work?
（注意回顾动词第三人称单数形式变化规则）
一般情况下在词尾加
s help
→
helps, clean
→
cleans, play
→
plays, wear
→
wears, give
→
gives;
以
s, x, ch, sh
结尾的
动词在词尾加
es dress
→
dresses, fix
→
fixes, watch
→
watches, finish
→
finishes;
以“辅音字母加
y
”结尾的动词，
把
y
变为
i
， 再
study
→
studies, carry
→
carries, fly
→
flies
）
(2)
一般现在时的用法
?
1.
表示经常性或习惯性的动作或行为。常与
always, sometimes, often, usually, never
等副词连用。
. I go to school every day except Saturdays and Sundays. My mother often gets up at 6 o
’
clock.
2.
表示现在的状态，能力，性格，个性。
. My father teaches maths.
Lin Yan dances well.
3.
表示普遍真理或客观事实。
. The earth moves around the sun. The sun rises in the east.
【注意】此用法如果出 现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。如：
Our physics
teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.
我们的物理老师说光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快得
多，在时间、 条件、比较等状语从句中，
用现在时表示将来的动作，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时。
如：
I will e-mail you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我一到北京就给你发邮件。
If you come this afternoon, we will have a meeting.
如果你今天下午能来，我们就开会。
【例题精讲】
例
1.
——
Who is that lady?
——She’s Miss Green. She ____ us music, and she is so good.
A. taught B. teaches C. will teach D. is teaching
例
2.
——I think I’ll take a bus to the meeting.
——
The bus? If you ____, you will be late.
A. do B. have done C. will do
例
3.
Unless the weather ____, we will have to cancel the picnic.
A. improve B. improves C. improved D. will improve
例
4.
We don’t know if our friend ____. If he ____, we’ll let you know.
A. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; comes
例
5.
Our geography teacher told us that the earth ____ the sun.
A. went around B. goes around C. is going around D. was going around
【课堂练习】
1. Look! A dog ____ a blind man across the road.
A. leads B. lead C. is leading D. led
2. They usually ____ TV in the evening.
A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches
3. He hardly ____ up early
．
A. gets B. get C.
doesn’t get D
.
don’t get
4. John ____ football.
A. likes playing B. likes play C. like play
5. Frank usually ____ in touch with his primary school teachers by email.
A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. will keep
知识点二：一般过去时
【知识梳理】
(1)
一般过去时的基本结构和变化
1.
定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.
结构：
“
主语
+
动词的过去式
”
3.
句型转化：
①
be
动词的过去时的句型如下：
A.
否定句：
主语
+ be
动词的过去式（
was, were
）
+ not
…
B.
疑问句：
be
动词的过去式（
was, were
）
+
主语
…？
a. He was busy yesterday. (
肯定句
)
他昨天很忙。
b. He was not busy yesterday. (
否定句
)
他昨天不忙。
c. Was he busy yesterday? (
疑问句
)
他昨天忙吗？
d. There weren
’
t any boys in the room.
房间里没有男孩儿。
. There weren
’
t any boys in the room.
房间里没有男孩儿。
Were there any boys in the room?
房间里有男孩儿吗？
②行为动词的否定式和疑问式：
A.
否定式：行为动词前加上
did not
或缩略式
didn’t,
并把这个行为动词改为动词原形。
a. I called Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.
→
I did not / didn
’
t call Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.
b. I borrowed a book from Sun Yang last Sunday.
B.
一般疑问式：若在陈述句中只有行为动词的过去式
,
那就得在句首加上一个助动词
did
来帮助提问
,
然后
把句中的行为动词由过去式改为动词原形
,
并在句末打上问号。回答时别忘了还用
did
。
a. We stayed there for 10 days last month.
→
Did you stay there for 10 days last month? Yes, we did. / No, we didn
’
t.
b. Mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening.
→
Did Mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening? Yes, she did. / No, we didn
’
t.
?
(2)
规则动词的变化
一般情况下，直接在动词词
尾加
-ed
。
以不发音字母
e
结尾的动词
在词尾加
-d
。
以“辅音字母
+
y
”结尾的
动词，先变
y为
i
，再在词尾
加
-ed
。
watch
→
watched
plant
→
planted
like
→
liked
move
→
moved
study
→
studied
carry
→
carried
< br>重读闭音节动词且词尾只有
一个辅音字母，先双写词尾
的辅音字母，再在词尾加
-
ed
。
过去式
(be
动词
)
（不规则变化）
stop
→
stopped
shop
→
shopped
am / is
→
was are
→
were
do
→
did
过去式（规则变化）
(3)
不规则动词的过去式和过去分词
第一组
AAA
1. cost
—
cost
—
cost 2. cut
—
cut
—
cut 3. hit
—
hit
—
hit 4. let
—
let
—
let
5. put
—
put
—
put 6. set
—
set
—
set 7. read
—
read
—
read
第二组
ABC
1. break
—
broke
—
broken 2. choose
—
chose
—
chosen 3. speak
—
spoke
—
spoken
4. steal
—
stole
—
stolen 5. wake
—
woke
—
woken 6. forget
—
forgot
—
forgotten
—
took
—
taken
—
gave
—
given
—
hid
—
hidden
10. drive
—
drove
—
driven 11. write
—
wrote
—
written 12. rise
—
rose
—
risen
13. ride
—
rode
—
ridden 14. eat
—
ate
—
eaten
第三组
ABC
1. know
—
knew
—
known 2. grow
—
grew
—
grown 3. throw
—
threw
—
thrown
4. fly
—
flew
—
flown 5. show
—
showed
—
shown
第四组
ABB
1. build
—
built
—
built 2. burn
—
burnt
—
burnt 3. mean
—
meant
—
meant
4. lend
—
lent
—
lent 5. send
—
sent
—
sent 6. spend
—
spent
—
spent
第五组
ABB
1. keep
—
kept
—
kept 2. sweep
—
swept
—
swept 3. sleep
—
slept
—
slept
4. leave
—
left
—
left 5. feel
—
felt
—
felt 6. smell
—
smelt
—
smelt
7. lose
—
lost
—
lost 8. learn
—
learnt
—
learnt (learned
—
learned)
9. get
—
got
—
got 10. do
—
did
—
done 11. go
—
went
—
gone
第六组
ABB
1. make
—
made
—
made 2. hear
—
heard
—
heard 3. have
—
had
—
had
4. bring
—
brought
—
brought 5. find
—
found
—
found
—
bought
—
bought
7. think
—
thought
—
thought 8. teach
—
taught
—
taught
第七组
ABB
1. dig
—
dug
—
dug 2. lead
—
led
—
led 3. hold
—
held
—
held
4. meet
—
met
—
met 5. say
—
said
—
said 6. pay
—
paid
—
paid
7. win
—
won
—
won 8. sell
—
sold
—
sold 9. tell
—
told
—
told
10. stand
—
stood
—
stood 11. understand
—
understood
—
understood
12. sit
—
sat
—
sat 13. wear
—
wore
—
worn
第八组
ABC
1. begin
—
began
—
begun 2. swim
—
swam
—
swum 3. sing
—
sang
—
sung
4. ring
—
rang
—
rung 5. drink
—
drank
—
drunk 6. come
—
came
—
come
7. become
—
became
—
become 8. see
—
saw
—
seen 9. run
—
ran
—
run
11. lie
—
la y
—
lain
—
lying
（躺）
12. l ie
—
lied
—
lied
—
lying
（说慌）
13. lay
—
laid
—
laid(
放
)
(4)
一般过去时的用法
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所 发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：
yesterday, last
week (month, year...), ago, just now, at the age of
…
, in 1980
等连用。如：
At the age of ten, she began to learn to play the piano.
十岁的时候，她开始学弹钢琴。
②表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
当我是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。
【例题精讲】
例
1.
——
Where did you go last weekend?
——
I ____ to the Great Wall.
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
例
2.
Last week Vivian ____ a dress for her mother with her first-month salary.
A. buy B. bought C. will buy D. would buy
例
3.
Oh no! I ____ my book in the lab.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. was leaving
例
4.
——
Your coat fits you well.
——
Thank you. I ____ it when I was on vacation.
A. have bought B. buy C. bought
例
5.
My husband always _____ me flowers every week before we got married, but now he never ____.
A. sent; does B. sends; does C. was going to send; do D. sent; do
【课堂练习】
1.
——
Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?
——
Yes, they ____ a plan and did it.
A. were working out B. worked out C. are working out D. have worked out
2. Yesterday the teacher told us the earth ____ the sun.
A. goes around B. went around C. is going around D. would go around
3.
——
Lucy has ____ to London. How can I get in touch with her?
——
Don
’
t worry. She will phone you as soon as she ____ there.
A. been; will get B. been; gets C. gone; will get D. gone; gets
4.
——
Oh, no! I can
’
t find my mobile phone!
——
Well, where ____ you last put it.
A. have B. do C. did