英语的八种主要时态的结构及口诀
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月21日 12:40
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英语的八种主要时态的结构
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
例:
He listens to the radio every evening.
时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year,
month…),
once a week, on
Sunday, etc.
基本结构:①
be
动词;
②
行为动词
否定形式:
①am/is/are
+not;②
此时态的谓语动词 若为行为动词,
则在其前加
don't,
如主语为第
三人称单数,则用
doesn't
,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:
①
把
be
动词放于句首;
②
用助动词
do
提问,
如主语为第三 人称单数,
则用
does
,
同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
例:
I was born on April 2, 1986.
时间状语:
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night,
month…),
in 1989
, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:
①be
动词;
②
行为动词
否定形式:①
was/were
+not;②
在行为动词前加
didn't
,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:
①was
或
were
放于句首;
②
用 助动词
do
的过去式
did
提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
例:
The woman is talking to the doctor.
时间状语:
now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:
am /is/are +doing
否定形式:
am /is/are +not +doing.
一般疑问句:把
be
动词放于句首。
四·过去进行时
:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
例:
We were copying the new words this time yesterday.
时间状语:
at
this
time
,
yesterday, at
that
time
或以
when
引导的谓语动词是一般过
去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:
was / were +doing
否定形式:
was / were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把
was
或
were
放于句首。
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续
到现在的动作或状态。
例:
I have already finished my homework
时间状语:
recently, lately,
since…,for…,in
the past few years, etc.
基本结构:
have/has + done
否定形式:
have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句:
have
或
has
放于句首。
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在 过去某动作之前完成的行为,
即
“
过去的过去。
例:
The class had already begun when I came to school.
时间状语:
before, by the end of last year(term,
month…),etc.
基本结构:
had + done.
否定形式:
had + not + done.
一般疑问句:
had
放于句首。
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
例:
We are going to have a volleyball match tomorrow.
时间状语:
tomorrow, next day(week, month,
year…),soon,
in a few minutes,
by…,the
day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:
①am/is/are
going to + do
;②
will/shall + do.
否定形式:①
am/is/are going not to + do
;
②will/shall
not + do.
一般疑问句:①be
放于句首;
②will/shall
提到句首。
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
例:
Did you ask Kate whether they would fly to Egypt
时间状语:
the next day(morning,
year…),t
he following
month(week…),etc.
基本结构:
①was/were
going to + do
;
②would/should
+ do.
否定形式:
①was/were/not
+ going to +
do;②would/should
+ not + do.
一般疑问句:①was
或
were
放于句首;
②would/should
提到句首。
英语的八种主要时态的用法及比较
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1
、表示经常性或习惯性动作。
. It seldom snows here.
2
、表示现在的特征或状态。
. He is always ready to help others.
3
、普遍真理。
. Action speaks louder than words.
4
、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。
. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor
:
What's your trouble, young man
Tom
:
I've caught a cold, doctor.
5
、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。
. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有:
always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now
等。
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1
、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
. When did you read the novel
She often came to help us in those days.
2
、谈到过去的情况时
. I didn't know you were so busy.
3
、谈到已死人的情况时
. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有
:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as
引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。
三、现在完成时主要用于:
1
、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。
. We have learnt four English songs this month.
How many times have you read the novel
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2
、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
. The delegation has left
代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里)
Look, what you have done.
看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有:
already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this
month, since, for
短语,连词
since
引导的时间状语从句。
一般过去时与现在完成时的
区别
:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节
等)
。现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
cf. Have you had your lunch
What did you have for lunch
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my
father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program
应改为:
Did you see the six thirty's news program
四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到
将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。
. I've been writing an article.
我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写)
cf. I've written an article.
我写了一篇文章。(已写完)
It has been raining these days.
这些天一直在下雨。
五、过去完成时
1
、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较
时才可显示出来。
. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.