英语的句型结构完整版

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英语的句型结构

美国老师如何讲解句型的。

特点:
1
、不按我们中国人的分类标准来划分句型

2
、把句型种类绝对简单化

英语所有的句型结构,无非可划分为四种:

I.
简单句(
Simple
sentence
)主语
+
谓语
+
宾语

I love my Mom.
I go to school everyday.
(
简单句未免太小儿科了
,
不能代表一个成
年人的思维水平
.
这就是为什么我们很少见
到大量的简单句出现
)
II.
复合句(
Compound Sentence


And,but,or,so,for
Beijing is in the North and Nanjing is
in the South.
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(
特点:
When
two
independent
clauses,
or
complete
sentences
are
joined
together,
they form one compound sentence.
复合句是由两个独 立的句子组合在一起构
成的。例句中,有下面两个完整并且独立的
句子组成:

Beijing is in the North.
Nanjing is in the South.
III.
复杂句(
Complex Sentence


My
uncle,
who
is
seventy
years
old,
works
on a farm.
(
特点:
When
an
independent
clause
and
a
dependent clause are joined together;
they form one complex sentence.
复合句是由一个独立的句子加一个从句构
成的。
)
China is a country that its history is
very long.
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China is a country. (
独立句子
)
That its history is very long (
从句
)
IV.
复杂句
+
复合句(
Compound sentence+
Complex sentence


Studying
English
is
important
because
a
lot
of
jobs
need
people
know
English;
and
learning English helps
people understand other country’s
culture.
整体看,
这是一个由
moreover
连接的复合句,
前后两句都在谈论学英语的重要
性,

两个独立完整的句子。

但第一句话中又包含了一个由
because
引导的从
句。

你知道英语中最常用的句型是什么句子吗

复杂句
(complex)


My American teacher said,” The most common sentence pattern is complex
sentence, because language reflects life.”

为什么不是复合句呢?

She said, “How many things are equal in our life”

看来因为生活 中复杂的事情要多于并列的同等的事情,
所以英语中复杂句多于简
单句。

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我的总结:

如何区分复合句
(compound sentence)
。复杂句
(complex)


都有两个句子组成,复合句中,两个句子独立表达完整的意思,能独立存活。

复杂句 由一个主句和一个从句组成
,
其中的从句不能独立表达一个完整的意思。

复 合句就好像婚姻中的男人和女人,
他们各自都有自己独立的人格和思想,
组合
成一个家 庭,
但谁离了谁都能活。
而复杂句则好像妈妈和孩子,
孩子不能独立存
活,< br>依附于妈妈,
当孩子和妈妈在一起的时候,
也许修饰妈妈的头
(
主语 从句
)

也许修饰身体
(
谓语从句
)
,也许修饰妈 妈的腿
(
宾语从句
)
,其实根本没必要深
度研究从句的类型,一眼就能看出从句在说什么。
过多的强调从句的种类是把语
法搞复杂化,使学习者
confuse


见到复合句,抓住每个句子的
idea
,把他们 分开来看,也就变成两个简单句,
理解起来就容易了。

说了半天,还都是道理。你想真正掌握句型结构吗

句子的成分

1.
主语—主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由
名词 、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。

注意:不定式作主语时,常用形式主语
it
句型。

2.
谓语—说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语
(
谓 语部分里主要的词
)
必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一
致。它在主语后 面。

3.
表语—表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词 、
介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后
面。

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*
注意区别:
My
job
is
teaching.(teaching
为表语
)

I
am
teaching
now.(am
teaching
为谓语
)

4.
宾语—宾语是动作、
行为的对象,由名词、
代词、
不定式或相当于名词的词、
短语来担任,它和及 物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。

5.
状语—状语用来修饰动词、
形容词或副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、
地点、
目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由 副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词
或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句 中。

6.
定语—定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词 短
语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。因为它是修饰名词
或代词的,而名 词和代词又可以作主语,还可以作表语和宾语,所以定语的位
置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以 有定语。

英语常用的句型结构

高中英语重点语法网络图表

英语常用的句型结构

1

S + vi

2

S + link verb + predicative

3

S + vt +o

4

S + vt + o (
间接
) + o (
直接
)

5

S +vt+ o + o c

6


There be + s + …

简单句的五个基本句型

主语

S.

谓语动词
V.

work.(



)

plays(

)

are(



)


谓语部分

表语
P.

宾语
O.

宾语补足

OC.


种类

句型










5
1
S +V

We



the
piano.

2
S+V+O

He



3
S+V+P

We

students.



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4










6
5
S+V+ino(
间接

)+Do(




)

S+V+O+C

He

made(
及物
)


the boy

laugh.

She

gave(
及物
)


me
a
pen.


There be+S

There are thirty days this month.

主语部分

Flowers

Flowers

Many beautiful
flowers

I

Betty,
your younger
sister
,

谓语部分

谓语动词

修饰语
/
补语
/
宾语


in the gardens.

in the gardens in spring.

to school by bicycle every day.

very pretty.

English very well.

these sentences

Lesson Two, Mary.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

bloom


bloom

bloom

go

looks

speak

7.

Some
students
in my class

Do...
8.


句子的成分

you

(You)

understand

Read

1.
主语—
主语是谓语讲述的对象,
表示所说 的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、
代词、
不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当 。它在句首。

注意
:不定式作主语时,常用形式主语
it
句型。

2.
谓语
—说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语
(< br>谓语部分里主要的词
)
必须用动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。< br>它在主语
后面。

3.
表语—
表语说明主语“是什么”或者 “怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定
式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置 在系动词后面。

*
注意区别:
My
job
is
teaching.(teaching
为表语
)

I
am
teaching
now.(am
teaching
为谓语
)

4.
宾语
—宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词 、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担
任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。
5.
状语—
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地 点、目的、方
式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一
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般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

6.
定语—
定语是用 来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式
或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可 以担任定语。
因为它是修饰名词或代词的,
而名词和代词
又可以作主语,
还可 以作表语和宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都
可以有定语。


简单句、并列句、复合句

1.
简单句

句型:主语
+
谓语

只包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。

2.
并列句

句型:

简单句
+
并列连词(或连接副词)
+
简单句

*< br>由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。并列句中的各简单句意义同等
重要,相 互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

1
、联合关系:

常用的连词有
and, not only…but(also), neither…nor
等。

Eg. Tom doesn’t smoke, nor does his brother.

2
、转折关系

常用的连词有
but, yet, still, however, while(
而,然而
)

when
(那时,然后)等。

Eg. He got up very early, (and) yet he failed to catch the morning train.

We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.

She is tired, (but) still she will make another test.

*yet

still
是连接副词,又叫半连接句。

*however(< br>然而,不过,但是
)
意义接近
yet,
可放在句首、句末或插入句子中 间。

3
、选择关系:

常用的连词有
or
(或者,还是,否则)
,otherwise, or else, either…or
等。

Eg. Hurry up, or we’ll be late for school.

4
、因果关系

连词有:
for, so, thus, therefore, and so
等。

Eg. He studied hard, thus he succeeded in passing the exam.

The
Frenchman
coughed
loudly,
so
he
decided
to
go
and
get
some
medicine
for
it.

*for
表示附加或推断的理由、原因。
Therefore

so
更正式,
and so
较口语化。

3.
复合句

句型:主句
+
连词
+
从句;或连词
+
从句
+
主句(包含一个主句、一个 或一个以上的从句,或只
包含一个从句,但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。


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动词时态,被动语态

一、一般现在时

1.
一般 现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、
状态、能力等。

2.
主句是一般将来时
,
时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如:


I’ll
go
there
after
I
finish
my
work./
If
it
rains
tomorrow,

I
won’t
go
there.

3.
在以
here,
there
开头的句子里,
go,
come
等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动
作。

例如:
There
goes
the
bell.
铃响了。
There
comes
the
bus.
汽车来了。
Here
she
comes.
她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.
表示正在进行的动作。

2.
表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

例如:
She is leaving for Beijing.
她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.
从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.
这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

3.
代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

例如
:The
Changjiang
River
is
flowing
into
the
east.
江水滚滚向东流。
The
sun
is
rising
in the east.
太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.
大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有:
exist, live,
understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,

believe, trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mi nd,hope
等。

三、现在完成时

1.
表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。

例如:
I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.

2.
表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“
for
…”
,

since
…”表述的
一段时间状语连用。例如:
He
has
learned
English
for
six
years./
They
have
worked
here
since they left college.

3.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

1
)用两种时态来表述发生在过 去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生
的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作 或状态,和现在关系不大。例如:
She has
cleaned the room.
It’s very clean now.(此句
has cleaned
就不能改 为
cleaned.
一是
因为
cleaned
与现状无关,
二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到
It’s…这样的一般现在时。
)

2
)汉语中的“了”

“过”

“曾”等词常用完成表达,如:
I have seen that film.
(我
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看过那部电影了。
)但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”< br>、
“做过”

就不可用完成时而必须
用一般过去进来表达。例如:When did you see that film I saw it yesterday.(< br>你什么
时候看了那部电影我昨天看的。
)
不能说:
When have you seen that film I have seen it
yesterday.

4.
表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)
”用“
have/has
been
to

,
表示“到某地去了(还
未回来)
”用“
h ave/has gone to

.
例如:

——
Where is Li Hua

He has gone to the reading-room.

——
She knows a lot about Shanghai.

She has been there.

5.
短暂动词(即瞬间动词)

join,
lose,
buy,
borrow,
leave,
go,
come,
arrive,
die,
marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out
等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能
和表示一 段时间的状语连用。例如不能说:
He has finished the work for three hours.
要翻译
“他已完成工作三小时了。

可采用
1


ago
法”

He
finished
the
work
three
hours

“延续法”

He
has
been
through(with)the
work
for
three


since
法”

It
is/has
been
three hours since he finished the work.

四、现在完成进行时

1.
用来表示从过去某 一时刻开始一直持续到现在
(或今后还要继续一去)
的动作。
例如:
He
has
been
doing
the
maths
problems
since
8:00./
It
has
been
raining
for
two
days.

2.
凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

五、一般过去时


表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,
或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发
生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的 动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表
示)
。例如:
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

2.
表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如:
They
were
still
working
when
I
left.

3.
用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如:
I
was
writing
while
he
was
watching
TV.

4.
表示过去将来动作。例如:
He said she was arriving the next day.

七、过去完成时

1.
表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如:
He
had
shut
the
door
before
the
dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.

2.
表示动作或状态从过去某个时 刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,
甚至还要继
续下去。例如:
At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill
for a week when we learned about it.

3.
常用
hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose
等动词的过去完成时来表示未
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实现的希望、
打算或意图。
例如:
We
had
expected
that
you
would
be
able
to
win
the
match.

八、一般将来时


一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式:

shall do
(侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)

going to do (
主观上打算或客观上可能发生
)

doing (
按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用
)

about to do (
按计划即将发生
)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和
by
短语,
when, before
引起的时
间状语连用。例如:
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.


被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.
常见句式是:
主语(受动者)+
be
+过去分词+(
by
+施动者)


例如:
He was scolded by the English teacher.

2.
主语+
get
+过去分词+其它成分

例如:
The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.

注意:使用这种结构不能带有“
by
+施动者”

3.
带有 双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也
可以是间接宾语。

例如:
She lent me a bike.

被动:
1

I was lent a bike(by her). 2

A bike was lent to me(by her).

4.
情态动词+
be
+过去分词

例如:
This problem must be worked out in half an hour.

5.
双重被动式:
主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分

例如;
These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The
murderer was ordered to be shot.

二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.
不及物动词与状语连用,
用以表示主语的品质和状态。
常见动词 是:
cut,
sell,
read,
write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep
等。例如:
This knife cuts well.
这把刀
好切。
These
books
sell
well.
这些书好卖。
The
pen
writes
smoothly.
这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The cloth
washes well.
这种布好洗。

2.
一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动
look,
smell,
taste,
sound,
feel,
prove,
turn out
等。

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例如:
The
apples
taste
good./The
flower
smells
wonderful./The
news
proved/turned
out true./Cotton feels soft.

注:
prove
也可用于被动式,如:
His answer(was) proved right.

3.
不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有:
hard,
difficult,
easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible
等。例如:
The problem
is easy
to do./The question is difficult
to answer./The box
is heavy to
carry./The
project is impossible to complete in a year.
比较:
The problem is to be done./The
question is to be answered.
没有形容词时,虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系,但必须用被
动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况:

teach
myself
French.
不可变为
Myself
is
taught
French.
因为反身代词不可作主语。

help each other/one another.
不可变为
Each other/One another is helped by us.
因为相互代词不可作主语。

lost
heart.
不可变为
Heart
was
lost
by
him.
因为象
lose
heart,
make
a
face,
keep
silence, lose in thought
这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式。

took
part
in
the
sports
meet.
不能变为
The
sports
meet
was
taken
part
in
by
her.
因为象
take part in, belong to ,own, have, hate, fail, contain
等表状态动词没有被
动语态。


主谓一致
Agreement

在英语的句子中,
谓语动 词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
如何判定,
则要看句子的
意思。
多数 情况下,
根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内
容。下面我们就 常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。

1
、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语 或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

1

To work hard is necessary.

It is necessary to work hard.



2

How you get there is a problem.

2
、复数主语跟复数动词。

3
、在倒装句中
,
动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以
here,
there
开头,
be
动词与
后面第一个名词一致。如:
1

Here comes the bus.

2

On the wall were two famous paintings.

3

Here is Mr Brown and his children.

4

an d
连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,
谓语动词用复数。
如果主语后跟有
wi th,
together
with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than,
rather than
等引起的短语,谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如:

1

Jane, Mary and I are good friends.

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2

He and my father work in the same factory.

3

His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

4

The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

5

He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

6

Every picture except these two has been sold.

7

Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

8

Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.

9

Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

5
、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用 单数,
and
后面的
名词没有冠词。如:

1

The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.
这位工人作家明天要来
我们学校。

2

Bread and butter is their daily food.
面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。

3

The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.
(两个人)

6

and
连接的并列单数名词前如有
each, every, no, many a
修饰时,谓语动词要用单数
形式。如:

1

Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.
所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次
聚会。

2

No teacher and no student is absent today.

3

Many a student is busy with their lessons.

7

each, either, one, another, the other, neither
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:

1

Each takes a cup of tea.

2

Either is correct.

3

Neither of them likes this picture.

8
、由
every, some, any, no
构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

1

Is everyone here

2

Nothing is to be done.
没有什么要干的事儿了。

9
、关系代词
who,
that,
which
等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词< br>的数一致。如:

1

Those who want to go please sign their names here.

2

Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.

3

He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.

10
、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,其谓语动词
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常用单数形式。

11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等)
,动
词 用单数形式。如:

1

The United States is in North America.

2

The United Nations has passed a resolution(
决议
)


3


The Arabian Nights


《天方夜谭》

is an interesting book.

12
、有些集体名词如
family, team, group, class, audience
(听众,观众)

government
等作主语时,如看 作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要
用复数形式。如:

1

My family is going to have a long journey.

2

My family are fond of music.

3

The class has won the honour.
这班获得了荣誉。

4

The class were jumping for joy.

13

all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest
等作主 语时,既可表示复数意
义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如:

1

All of the apple is rotten.
整个苹果都烂了。

2

All of the apples are rotten.
所有的苹果都烂了。

3

Most of the wood was used to make furniture (
家具
)


14

the
+
形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象
概念,谓语动词则用单 数形式。如:

1

The young are usually very active.

2

The wounded are being taken good care of here now.

15

or, either

or

, neither

nor

, whether

or, not only

but (also)
连接的是
主语
,
谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如:

1

Either you or I am going to the movies.

2

Not only you but also he is wrong.

16
、不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

1

Water is a kind of matter.

2

The news at six o

clock is true.

17
、集合名词如:
people, police ,cattle
等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

1

The police are searching for him.

2

The cattle are grassing (
吃草
)


18

population
当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数。如:

1

The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

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2

One third of the population here are workers.

19

the
number
of
+
名词复数,是表示“…的数字”
,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;
a
(large / great) number of +
名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式。

1

The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.

2

A number of students have gone for an outing.

20

means, politics, physics, plastics
等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。


复合句

( 1 )
定语从句

I.
定语从句 起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引
导定语从句的词叫关系词,
他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,
二是在
从句中担当一个成分, 并与先行词保持数的一致。

关系词







从句成分

例句

Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
talking
with
your
mother

Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am
Whom



宾语

working

Whom,
which
备注

Who

主语

The
boy
(whom)
she
loved
died
in
the
war..


that
在从
I like those books whose topics are about





Whose





定语

history.

时,常可以省



The boy whose father works abroad is my
略,但介词提
deskmate.

前时后面关系







That





主语,宾


A plane is a machine that can fly.

She is the pop star (that) I want to see
略,也不可以
very much.

The
book
(which)
I
gave
you
was
worth
$$10.

The picture which was about the accident
was terrible.

He
is
such
a
person
as
is
respected
by
all
of us.

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

I will never forget the day when we met
there.

As
做宾语一般
不省略


that

Which



主语,宾


As





主语,宾





14
When

Where

时间

地点

时间状语

可用
on which

可用
in which

地点状语

This is the house where I was born.

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why

原因

原因状语

I can’t imagine the reason why he turned

down my offer.


for
which

II. That

which, who, whom
的用法区别:

情况

用法说明

1






例句

all,
everything,
told
me
everything
that
he
knows.

the
books
that
you
offered
has
been given out.

anything,
nothing,
little,
much,
等不定代词时。

2




词被
all,
any,
every,
each,
is the best film that I have ever


that
much, little, no, some, few
等修饰


read.

talked
about
the
persons
and
things that we remembered.

is
the
only
man
that
I
want
to
see.

is
the
man
that
is
making
a
speech

的情况

3


先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰


4


先行词既指人又指物时

5


先行词被
the only, the very
修饰时

6


句中已经有
who
时,为了避免重复时

1


在非限制性定语从句中,
只能用
which


指代物,用
who/whom
指人

2


在由“介词
+
关系代词”引导的定语
从句中 ,只能用
which
指物,
whom

人。

3


先行词本身是
that
时,关系词用
which,
先行词为
those, one, he

多用
who


III. As

which
的区别:

定语从句

限制性定
语从句中

区别

名词前有
such

the
same
修饰时,关
系代词用
as,
不能用
which

He has a son, who has gone abroad
for further study.

I
like
the
person
to
whom
the
teacher is talking.

Those
who
respect
others
are
usually respected by others.

which,
who,
whom
的情况

例句

He is not such a fool as he looks.

Don’t
read
such
books
as
you
can’t understand.

They
won
the
game,
as
we
had
expected.

They
won
the
game,
which
we
hadn’t
expected.

As is well known, he is a famous
film star in the 1980s.

as

which
都可以指代前面整个主句。
非限制性
定语从句


如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放
在主 句前,
也可以放在后面,
那么用
as


which
引导的从句只能放主句后,

无“正如”的意思。

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IV.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:

类别





语从句

语法意义及特征
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就
不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写
时不用逗号分开。

对先行词作附加的说明,
与主句的关系不十分密切,



较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开
,
相当于一个
His
mother,
whom
he
loved
deeply, died ten years ago.

例句

The accident happened
at the
time when I left.

定语从句


插入语
,
不能用
that
引导,
关系代词做宾语时也不
能省略。


( 2 )
状语从句

状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词 、形容词或副词等,按意义可分为地点、原因、
目的、结果、条件、方式、比较等。

1
、时间状语从句

由从属连词
when, whenever, as, while, before, since, once, till. Eg. I waited
till he had finished his work.

A. when, as, while
作时间从属连词的区别。

Whe n
可引导持续性动作,又可引导短暂性动作。它可表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句
的动作发 生在主句动作之前。
Eg.
When
I was
a
boy, I used to go to the seashore on
Sundays. (
同时
)

B.
as
引导持续性动作,
侧重表示主句和从句动作同时发生。
Eg.
He
hurried
home,
looking
behind as he went.

C. while “在某一段时间里”、“在……期间”

W hile
引导的动作必须是持续性的,它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生,往往侧重主句和
从 句动作的对比。

Eg. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.

*

when, as, while(
正当……的时候
)
表示主句和从句的动作同时发生时,可以换用 。

*

when
引导的状语从句是系表结构(名词作表语)
,其主语又和主句主语一致时,往往可

as
引导的省略从句代替,应注意
as
在这里是连词,不是介词,后边名词与年龄有关。

Eg. As a young man(=when he was a young man)he was a postmaster.

D.
before
如果
when
before
引导的句子位于主句之后,
有时要译为“才”、
“这时” 等。

Eg.
He
almost
knocked
me
down
before
he
saw
me. I
was
having
lunch
when
someone
knocked at the door.

E.
by
the
time,
each
time,
every
time,
immediately,
the
moment,
soon
after,
shortly
after
等也可以作为连词,引导时间状语从句。
Eg. Each time he came to Beijing on
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business, he would call on me. I recognized you the moment I saw you.

F.
时间状语从句中的谓语动词一般不能用任何一种将来时
,
只能用现在时或过去时态表示
将来时。

E. hardly…when; no sooner ...than=as soon as

这两个句组只能用于过去时,即从句谓语动词用一般 过去时,主句谓语动词用过去完成时。
Hardly

no nooner
放在句首时,主句主谓倒装。

Eg. He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.

Hardly had he fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.

Eg.
I
had
no
sooner
come
home
than
it
began
to
rain. No
sooner
had
I
come
home
than
it began to rain.

2


地点状语从句

where, wherever
引导

Eg. Go back where you came from. Where there is water, there is life.

3
、原因状语从句

由连词
because, as, since, now than (
既然,由于
)

because
引导的从句是全句意思的重心所在。在有上下文的情况下,可以不要主句而单独成
句。
as< br>与
since
则不能。

在回答
why
开始的问句时只能用
because

*
在强调句式中强调原因状语从句,只能用
because
引导从句,不能用as

since.

Eg. It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.

*as
(由于)所引导的从句一般放在主句之前,说明原因;后边的主句说明结果。主句和从
句表达的内容同 等重要。
Eg. As there was no answer, I wrote again.


as
引导的从句位于主句之后时,它的力量更弱一些,类似 一种附带的说明。
As
在口语中
使用较多。

*since(
既然,因为
)
:用以表示显然的或已知的理由、原因。从句的意思是次要的,主句是
全句意思的重心所在。

Eg. Since he can not answer the question, you’d better ask some
one else.

*now
that

since,
as
同义。其区别是
now
that
用来说明一种新情况,然后再加以推论,< br>从句与主句的因果关系很小,而
since

as
连接的句子因果关系 比较明显。

Eg. Now that you have finished the work, you are free to do what you like.

注意 :
*
用了以上表示原因的从属连词,主句不可再用并列连词
so.

*
并列连词
for
有时表示因果关系,有时是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断。

for
表示因果关系时,可和从属连词
because
同样 使用,但语气较弱。

Eg. He could not have seen me, for (or: because) I was not there.

4
、目的状语从句

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that, so that, in order that, for fear that(
以免,唯恐
)

lest(
唯恐,免 得
)

lest
从句中谓语
(should)+v, in case (
万一
)
等。

Eg. We remained at home lest(=for fear that) they should come in our absence.

目的状语从句的消语常含有
may(might),can,
could,
should,
will
等情态动词。通常主句
在前,从句在后,主句与从句之间没有逗号。

*lest
只用于正式文体,在现代英语中多以
for fear that, so that…not
等代替。

5
、结果状语从句

由连词
that, so that, so…that , such…that etc.

注意区别
that,
so
that
引导的目 的状语从句和结果状语从句。根据上下文来判断,从句之
前有逗号的常是结果状语从句;从句中有情态动 词的多半是目的状语从句。

Eg.
She
hurried,
so
that
she
caught
the
bus.
(
结果
) She
hurried
so
that
she
might
catch the bus.(
目的
)

6
、条件状语从句

通常由
if, unless(
除非
)

as long as, so long as
只要,
in case (that)
万一

*unless
从句的谓语只能用肯定式

*
主将从现

7
、方式状语从句

连词
as,
as
if(as
though)
等引导从句多用虚拟语气。
Eg.
He
walked
as
if
he
were
drunk.

8
、比较状语从句

as…as, not so (as)…as, than
等引导
eg. Peter swims as well as Tom does.

*the +
比较级(从句)

the+
比较级(主句)
eg. The harder we work, the happier we
feel.

9
、让步状语从句

though, although, as(
虽然
)

even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever,
whenever, however, no matter who (what, which, etc)

eg. Wherever you work, you can always find time to study.


Whether he comes or not, we’ll discuss the problem this afternoon.

*
让步状语从句可放在句首、句中、句尾

though

although
同义。
Although
较为正式,多置于句首,
as
引导的让步状语从句多用
于书面语。它比用
t hough(although)
引导的让步状语从句更有表现力,语气更强。
As
引 导
的让步状语从句要使语序部分倒装。

Eg. Child as he was, he had to help support the family.

*even if (though)
从句所说的不一定是事实。
Though
从句一般说的是事实。

*whether
一般引导名词性从句 。当引导让步状语从句时,必须有逗号和主句分开,而且其
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前边可加
no matter.

Eg. Y
ou’ll have to do it, (no matter) whether you like it or not.

*
让步状语从句和主句之间不可再用
bu t
等纯并列连词,但可用
yet, still, nevertheless
等副词来加强语气。

Eg. Though he was tired, yet (still, nevertheless) he went on working.

*
不可将
no matter
与“疑问词+ever”连用。

Eg. Whatever (no matter what )you
say, I won’t agree you .

No matter whatever you say, I won’t agree with you .(错
)


倒装句

I. full inversion

1

there (here) + be + S

eg. Here is the milkman. There comes the bus.

*

there

here
的 后面还可跟一些不及物动词,如
stand, lie, go, fall
等。句子的谓
语时态为一般过去时或一般现在时。如例
2

2
、单个副词位于句首的倒装句


单个副词位于句首,
句子的主、
谓需倒装,
表示强调。
这类副词有
in,
out,
now,
up,
down
etc.
句子的谓语一般为
be
动词或不及物动词。

Eg. Down came the rain. Up went the flag. Away he ran.


如果这类句子中的谓语动词是短语动词则不能将短语动词中的副词移到句首。

Eg. Up it blew.(

)____blew up: exploded
*
但有时也例外,当句子的主语在对比的情况下,作主语的人称代词也可与作谓语的
be

词形成倒装。

Eg. There were they, reading in the classroom, while we were cleaning outside.

3
、介词短语作状语位于句首的倒装句。在这类句子中,谓语一般 为
be
或不及物动词。

Eg. Near the forest is a small lake. In the doorway stood my brother.

在上述单个副词和介词短语位于句首的倒装句子中,谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。

4

so, nor, neither, no more
引导的倒装句,句子全部倒装。

Eg. He finished his job, and so did I. Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more
does his brother.

Peter
不喜欢流行音乐,他兄弟也是如此。

*
在美式英语中,通常认为
n or
不能跟在
but

and
的后面。

Eg. John didn’t see the accident and nor did Mary.(错
) John
didn’t see the
accident and neither did Mary.
(对)

*
当句子的主语与前句的主语为同一人或物,

so
位于该句的句首时
,
后面
so
引导的句子不
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用倒装。

Eg. It’s raining . So it is.

5

as
引导的倒装句

在正式书面文体中,
as
引导表示比较含义的从句,句子常用倒装句。

Eg. He likes sports, as do most of his friends.
他和他的大多数朋友一样,喜欢体育。

He is a college student, as are his sisters and brothers.

II. partial inversion

1
、副词位于句首的部分倒装句

一些含有否定意义的副词位于句首时,句子倒装:
seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly,
barely, little, never, few, not until, not only
等。

Eg. Little did he know about mathematics.
他的数学知识极为贫乏。

Rarely did students attend his lectures.
学生很少去听他的讲座。

*
如果
scarcely, hardly, little

barely
等副词位于句首,但它们在句中修饰主 语,此
时句子不倒装。

Eg. Little help can be expected from John.
不指望从约翰那里得到多少帮助。

Hardly twenty students are in that big room.
在那间大房子里还不足
20
名学生。

2

only
引导的部分倒装句。

Only
位于句首,后接状语,句子要倒装。

Eg. Only on Sunday does he go home. Only alone, does she feel sad.

*only
修饰宾语,位于句首时,句子也可以倒装。
Eg.
Only
their
teacher
will
they
obey.

*only
修饰主语,位于句首,句子不用倒装。
Eg. Only two of us got tickets.

3
、not
only
…but
also…引导的两个分句,前一个分句用倒装,后一个分句用倒装,后一
个分句用陈述结构。

Eg. Not only does he speak English but also he speaks German.

*not
only
不位于句首,句子则不倒装
eg.
He
not
only
speaks
English
but
also
he
speaks
German.

4
、hardly…when…; scarcely…when…; no nooner…than…

eg. Scarcely had he come in when the guests wanted to leave.

5

not+
名词或副词组成的词组在句子中作状语或宾语,位于句首,句子需倒装。

Eg. Not a letter did he send home. Not once do I meet him.
我一次也没有见到他。

Not until the end of this week did she realize her mistakes.

*not
在句首修饰主语,句子不必倒装。
Eg. Not many people came to the party.

6
、当含有
no
的词组位于句首时,句子用倒装。

*Nowhere
else
in
the
world
can
you
buy
a
better
and
cheaper
camera
than
in
our
shop.

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No longer are they cooperating with us.

By no means should you break the rules.
你决不能违反规章制度。

At no time should we give in to difficulties.
任何时候都不应在困难面前屈服。

*
类似的短语:
in no way
决不,
in no sense
决不,
in no case
决不,
under no excuse
毫无理由,
on no account
决不

如果这类短语不在句首,句子不用倒装。

7
、在
if
引导的虚拟条件句子中,如有
had,
were,
should
,可将
if
省去,而将
had,
were,
should
移到句首倒装。

Eg. Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believe it.

8

as, though
引导的让步状语从句,形容词、名词作表语常位于句首,形成倒装。

Eg. Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Child as he
is, he knows a lot.(
省略冠词
)


情态动词

I.
情态动词基本用法:

情态动


can

用法

否定式

疑问式与简答

能力(体力,智力,技能)

can
not
/
cannot
允许或许可(口语中常用)

/can’t do

可能性(表猜测,用于否
定疑问句中)

couldn’t do

Can…do…

Yes,…can.

No,…can’t.

May…do… Ye,…may.

No,…mustn’t/can’t

Might…do…
could

may

可以(问句中表示请求)

可能,或许(表推测)

may not do

might

祝愿(用于倒装句中)

might not do

Yes,…might

No,…might not.

必须,应该(表主观要求)

must

肯定,想必(肯定句中表
推测)

只好,不得不(客观的必
须,有时态人称变化)

must not/mustn’t do

Must…do… Yes,…must.

No,…needn’t/don’t
have to

Do…have to do…

don’t have to do

Yes,…do.
No,…don’t.

ought
not
Ought…to do…

Yes,…ought.
No,…oughtn’t.

have to

ought
to

21
应当(表示义务责任,口
语中多用
should

to/oughtn’t to do

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将要,会

用于一三人称征求对方意
shall



用于二三人称表示许诺命


should

will

would

应当,应该(表义务责任)

should
not/shouldn’t
本该(含有责备意味)

意愿,决心

请求,建议,用在问句中
would
比较委婉

敢(常用于否定句和疑问
句中)

需要

need

必须(常用于否定句和疑
问句中)

need not/needn’t do

do

will not/won’t do

Should…do…

Will…do…

shall not/shan’t do

Shall…do…

Yes,
…shall.
No,…shan’t

would
not/wouldn’t
Yes,…will.
do

No,…won’t

Dare…do…

dare not/daren’t do

Yes,…d
are.
No,…daren’t.

Need…do…

Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t

Used…to do…

used
Yes,…used.
dare

used to

过去常常(现在已不再)

not/usedn’t/usen’t
No,…use(d)n’t

to do

didn’t use to do

Did…use to do…

Yes,…did.
No,…didn’t.

II.
情态动词
must, may, might, could, can
表示推测:


must
为例。
Must + do(be)
是推测现在存在的一般状态进行;
Must + be doing
推测可能
正在进行的事情;
must +have done
是推测可能已经发生过的事情。

He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have
already arrived there.

1. must“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中

2. may

might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。可用语肯定句和否定句。

He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.

3. can

could “可能”,
could
表示可疑的可能性,不及
can’t
语气强,用于肯定 否定
疑问句中。

The weather in that city could be cold now.

We could have walked there; it was so near.
(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没有
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发生)

Can he be in the office now No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library
just now.(
语气很强,常用于疑问句否定句中
)

III.
情态动词注意点:

1. can

be able to:
都可以表示能力。但
be able to
可以表达“某事终于成功”,而
can
无法表达此意。
Be able to
有更多的时态。另外,两者不能重叠使用。

2. used to

would: used to
表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯
,

would
只表示过
去的习惯或喜好
,
不涉及现在。< br>
3. need

dare
作情态动词和实义动词的区别:
























needn’t/daren’t
do,
Need/dare…do…



























need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)
to
do,
don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)
need/dare
to
do


非谓语动词

I.
非谓语动词的分类,意义,构成:







to do

to
不定式

doing

to
done






分词



分词

doing

动名词

having
done

being done

having
been
done

sb’s
doing

具有名词的作用

在句中做主、
宾、
定和表语

doing

having
done


being done

having
been
done

done







not



具有副词和形容词的作用

在句中做定、
表、
宾补和状


have
时态和语态

to be done

be
to have been
done

构成

否定


复合结


for
sb.
to
sth.

do
具有名词,
副词和形容词的
作用

在句中做主、
宾、
定、
表和
状语

特征和作用

II.
做宾语的非谓语动词比较:

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情况













常用动词

hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend,
manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen

mind,
miss,
enjoy,
imagine,
practise,
suggest,
finish,
escape,
excuse,
appreciate,
admit,
prevent, keep,
dislike,
avoid, risk, < br>只








动< br>词或短语

resist, consider

can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down
to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in,
st
about,
be
afraid
of,
be
tired
of,
look
forward
to,
devote
oneself
to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to

begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(
接不定式多指具体



本相同

的动作
,
接动名词多指一般或习惯行为
)

need, want, require
(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应
用被动形式)








remember/forget/regret
to
do
(指动作尚

未发生)


remember/forget/regret
doing
(指动作已







经发生)

try to do
(设法,努力去做,尽力)

stop doing
(试试去做,看有何结果)

事)

Mean
to
do
(打算做,
企图做)

Mean doing
(意识是,意味
着)

can’t help to do(不能帮忙做)

can’t help doing(忍不住要做)


III.
非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:

24
Go on doing
(接着做同一件
件事)

Go on to do
(接着做另外一
stop doing
停止正在做的事

stop to do
停止手中事,去做另一件事

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常见动词

与宾语的逻辑关系及时
例句

间概念

ask, beg, expect, get,
主谓关系。强调动作将发
order,
tell,
want,
生或已经完成。

wish, encourage

I
heard
him
call
me
several times.

不定式

have,
notice,
see,
watch,
hear,
feel,
let,
make












IV.
非谓语动词做定语的区别:


区别

与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将
不定式

来,进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成
式表示在谓语动词之前发生

通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的任何关
动名词








与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓
语动作同时发生

与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生





在谓语动作之前,现已经完成

The boiling water / the boiled
water

The
developing
country/the
developed country

The
falling
leaves
/
the
fallen
leaves


25
举例

I
have
a
lot
of
papers
to
type.

I have a lot of papers to be
typed.

Shall
we
go
to
the
swimming
pool

notice,
see,
watch,
主谓关系。强调动作正在
hear,
find,
keep,
have,
进行,尚未完成

feel

动宾关系。动作已经完
成,多强调状态

I found her listening
to the radio.

We
found
the
village
greatly changed.

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V.
非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别:


区别

多表示一个特 定的具体的将来的动作,
做主

语时可以借助于
it
把不定式移到句 子后面。
To obey the law is important.


做表语有时可和主语交换位置,
而且意义不


变,并且还能用
what
来提问主语或表语。

与不定式的功能区别 不大,
然而它更接近于

名词,表示的动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯

性的动作,有时也可以用
it
做形式主语,


做表语时可以和主语互换位置。

无名词的性质,不能做主语。但是有形容词
的性质,可以做表语,多表明主语的特征性
质或者状态等,可被
very, quite, rather

等副词修饰。

The situation is encouraging.

The book is well written.

(





astonishing,
moving,
tiring,
disappointing,
puzzling,
shocking, boring, amusing
及其
-ed


)

Teaching is my job.

again.

duty, task
做主语时常用
)

It is no use saying that again and
(dream, business, wish, idea, plan,
举例

My dream is to become a teacher.



现在分词多含有“令人…”之意,
说明主语
的性质特征,多表示主动,主语多为物。过
去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态,

有“感到…”之意,主语多是人。


If

whether

I. if

whether
都能引导主语从句。只不过
if
引导主语从句不放在句首,而放在句尾。
句首用
it
作先行词,而
whether
引导的主语从句可放在句首或句尾。

*
有些语法书说
if
不能引导表语从句。而在实际阅读中
if
引导表 语从句的句子也是有的。

Eg. The question is if we should go on with the work.

II. if

whether
不能互换的情况:

1
、介词后用
whether
不用
if eg. It de
pends on whether he’s ready.

2
、不定式之前用
whether,
不用
if eg. He worried whether to come.

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3
、名词之后用
whether
不用
if eg. The decision whether to see her was mine
alone.

4

whether
可和
or not
直接连用,
if
不能。

Eg. I don’t know whether or not he is
ready.

5
、引导让步状语从句用
whether
不用
if: eg. Whether you like it or not, you will
have to do it.

6
、如果宾语从句放在句首,用
whether
不用
if. Eg. Whether this is true or not,
I can’t say.

7
、如果宾语从句是个否定句,用
if
引导不用
whether
引导。

Eg. I don’t care if he
can’t come.


英语五大基本句型结构

英语 句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发
现其内在联系,找 出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、
组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种 基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

基本句型一:

SV
(主+谓)

Subject(
主语
)
Verb(
谓语
)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词
(英语 中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,
可把动词分成不及
物动词与和及物动词。不及物动词:字典里词后 标有
vi.
的就是不及物动词。不及物动词
后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。 若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如
to,of,at
后方可跟上宾语。
具 体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了,

listen
to,look at….),不及物动词常见的有:
appear,apologize,arrive,come,d ie,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise
(好像还有所有
的感官动词(如以上的
listen
——
Eragon
注)等等。如:

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The students work very hard.
学生们学习很努力。

She apologized to me again.
她再次向我道歉。

The accident happened yesterday evening.
事故是昨天晚上发生的 。(
happen
是不及物
动词,但表示“某地
(
某时
)< br>发生了什么事”,常用“sth.+ happen +地点
/
时间”这一结构
来表达,此时主语应是事情;表示“某人出了某事
(
常指不好的事)”,要用“sth.+
happen+to sb.”这一结构来表达——
Eragon
注)

基本句型二
:

SVP(
主谓表
)(
好像有的叫< br>SVC
(主系表)——
Eragon

)
Subject(
主语
)

(
系动词
)

redicate (
表语
)
(表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、
特征和状态的,表语常 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的
-ing
、从句来充
当,它常位于 系动词(
be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,g et,smell
等词)之
后。——
Eragon
注)

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:

(1)
表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:
be,
look,
seem,
appear,
smell,
taste,
sound,
keep,
remain,
等等。如:

Several players lay flat on the playground.
几个队员平躺在操场上。

We should remain modest and prudent any time.
我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。

This kind of food tastes terrible.
这种食物吃起来很差。

The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.
这幅画在一定的距离看更漂
亮一些。

(2)
表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:
become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,
等等。如:

Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。

Don't have the food. It has gone bad.
不要吃那种食物,已经变质了。

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The facts prove true.
事实证明是正确的。

基本句型三
:

SVO(
主谓宾
)
Subject(
主语
)
+< br>Verb(
谓语
)

Object(
宾语
)
(宾语是动作、
行为的对象,
是动作的承受者。
宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名 词的词、短语来担任。——
Eragon
注)

这种句型中的动词应为及物动 词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。
同时,
句子中有时含有与宾
语有关的状语。作宾语的 成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:

You can put the books in your bag.
你可以把书放在书包里。

Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.
我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。

She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.
她失去了在舞台上露面的机
会。

I prefer to make web pages.
我更喜欢做网页。

基本句型四
:

SVoO(
主谓间宾直宾
)
Subject(
主语
)
Verb(
谓语
)

Indirect object(
间接宾语
)

Direct object (
直接宾语
)

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:

Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.
昨天她父亲给她买
了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.
老人正在给孩子们讲
长征中的故事。

这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:
(1)
动词+宾语+
for sb.

(2)
动词+宾语+
to sb.

如:

Please show me your picture.

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Please show your picture to me.

请把你的画给我看一下。

I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose heart.


I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.

只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。

基本句型五
:

SVOC(
主谓宾宾补
)
Subject(
主语
)

Verb(
动词
)

Object(
宾语
)< br>+
Complement(
补语
)

这种句型中的宾语+补语 可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、
介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:

Keep the children quiet, please.
请让孩子们安静下来。

He painted the wall white.
他把墙漆成白色。

We found him an honest person.
我们发现他是一个诚实的人。

His mother told him not to play on the street.
他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

注意:动词
have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch
等后面所接的
动词不定式作宾补时,不带
to
。如:

The boss made him do the work all day.
老板让他整天做那项工作。


19
种英语常用句型结构

初学英语的人常常感到在掌握一些英语单词和基本 语法后,
在英语说和写方面还是很难表达
自己,
其中一个原因是没有掌握一些英语句型 ,
只有掌握了一些句型才能比较正确、
完整地
表达自己。下面是一些常用的句型及其例 句。

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1.
否定句型

2.
判断句型

3.
祝愿祈使句式

4.
感叹句型

5.
疑问句型

6.
数词句型

7.
关联指代句型

8.
比较句型

9.
比喻类句型

10.
条件假设句

11.
时间句型

12.
地点句型

13.
原因句型

14.
目的句型

15.
结果句型

16.
程度句型

17.
让步句型

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