初中英语语法大全现在完成时的结构和用法(练习附答案)

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2021年1月21日发(作者:严英)

初中英语语法大全

|
现在完成时的结构和用法(练习附答案)

(一)基本结构

现在完成时的句子结构一般为:

主语

+have/has+
过去分词

+
其他成分

如:

We have already had lunch.

He has been away for a week.
(二)主要用法

1
、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此

时,常和
谓语动词一起使用的副词有

already

j ust

never

ever

yet
等。如:

They have already come back from the museum.
She has already finished her homework.
2
、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并且有可能会继续持续下去。

此时,常
和谓语动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有

for


since
,而且

此时的谓语动词
往往是持续性动词(如

stay


keep

wait
等)。如:

I have lived here for
ten years.

He has kept the clavichord since thirty years ago.
3
、表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作。

此时,

常和谓
语动词一起使用的主要是表频度的副词

often

always

seldom


never
等,以及表次数的单词或短语

(如

once

twice

three times
)。

如:

You have never listened to me like this before.
She has ever been to France.
They have visited the Summer Palace many times.


(三)动词的过去分词

1
、规则变化

其变化规则与动词的一般过去时基本相同,

主要是在词尾加

-ed

-d
具体的有:

1
)直接加

-ed
。如:

worked


played


2
)以不发音的

e
结尾的动词后加

-d
。如:

lived

danced


3
)以辅音字母加

y
结尾的动词后改

y


i
,再加

-ed
。如:
studied

cried


4
)以重读闭音节结尾的动词后,

双写最后一个辅音字母再加

-ed
。如:

stopped

patted


2
、不规则变化

如果结合动词的过去式,

动词的过去分词的不规则变化中,

又有一些

相对的
规则现象。如:

1

AAA
型。如:

put put put

read read read
。其中,

read
的过去式和

过去分词虽然拼写时一样的,

但其发音与原形不同,

ea
不再读作

[i?]





[e]


2


AAB
型。如:

beat beat beaten
3


ABB
型。如:

keep kept kept

sit sat sat
4


ABC
型。如:

lie lay lain

drink drank drunk
5


ABA
型。如:

run ran run

come came come
(四)标志性词语



1
、副词

already

just


never

ever

yet
等。如:

She hasn't arrived in Scotland yet.
They have just left for Shanghai.
2


for


since

for+
一段时间,

since+
具体时间。如:

He has learned
Italian for five months.
He has learned Italian since five months ago.
3

so far


up to/till now
。表示“迄今为止” 。如:

So far, no one has heard any news about her.
She has read fifty books up to now.
4

recently

lately
等表示“最近;最新”的副词和形容词。如:

I've met her on several occasions recently.
He hasn't had enough sleep lately.
5


in the past/last+
一段时间,表示“在过去的

...
时间里”。如:

In the past few years, new buildings have sprung up all over Beijing.
He had aged rapidly in the last few months.
6
、次数。如:

I've tried many times, but there's no way.
He has been there at least twice.

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