倒装句、with的复合结构、强调句
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月21日 12:44
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山重水复疑无路柳暗花明又一村-
倒装句
英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。 正常语序的结构是
“
主语
+
谓语
”
，倒
装语序为< br>
“
谓语（或谓语的一部分）
+
主语
”
。
1
）部分倒装
----
助动词
情态动词
+
主语
+
谓语的实义动词型
2
）全倒装
----
谓语
+
主语型
在以下结构中用全倒装
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1.
在
there be
或者
There live(stand,,remain,exist….)
句型中；
如
There are thousands of people on the square.
Thousands of people are there on the square.
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
原语序：
An old fisherman lived there in the village.
There stands a little girl.
正常语序：
A little girl stands there.
2.
在
“here, there, now, thus, then+
动词
+
主语
”
的句子中
,(
谓语动词为
be, go, come, lie, run
等
转移动词一起连用
，主语为名词
);
如
: Now comes my turn.
There goes the bell.
Then came the order to leave.
Here comes a bus= A bus comes here.
A
）
此类倒装不用进行时态。
Here
comes
a
taxi!
There
goes
the
last
train!
有辆出租车
来了
!
最后一班火车开走了
!
(
注意这里不可用进行时
)
B
）上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，
如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒
装。
Here it comes
！
There it goes
！
3.
在
“out
in, up down, offaway
，
in the distance,on the hill,round the corner”
等表示方向性
的副词或表示地点的介词词组位 于句首，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词。
Away went the crowed one by one.
In came a stranger in black.
Out rushed the children..
Down fell the leaves.
On the floor were piles of old books.
☆注意
：主语必须是名词
eg: Out she they are. Here he comes.
而
Out went the girl. Here comes the boy.
地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词
(
如
lie,
live,
sit,
stand)
或转移的动词
(
如
come,
go,
ris
e)
，用作主语 的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如：
At
the
top
of
the
hill
stood
the
tiny
chapel.
那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。
In
the
fields
of
poppies
lay
the
dying
soldiers.
罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。
别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。
In
the
distance
could
be
seen
the
purple
mountains.
远处可以见到紫色的山。
主语如是代词则不能倒装：
At
the
top
of
the
hill
it
stood
out
against
the
sky.
它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。
第
1
页
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1
页
有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地
点状语
(< br>多为介词短语
)
置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：
By
the
door
stood
an
armed
guard.
门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。
At
the
next
table
was
a
pretty
girl
waiting
for
someone.
隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。
Among
these
people
was
his
friend
Jim.
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By
the
window
sat
a
young
man
with
a
magazine
in
his
hand.
窗户边坐着一个年轻
人，手里拿着一本杂志。
At
the
front
of
the
book
is
a
table
of
contents,
giving
details
of
what
is
in
the
book.
书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。
在以下结构中用部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒 装至主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词
或情态动词，则需添加助动词
do, does
或
did
，并将其置于主语之前。
1.
用于疑问句中。如：
1) How are you doing
﹖
2) Did you see the film yesterday
﹖
2.
含有否定或半否定意义的词语（如：
n ot,never,
seldom,hardly
,little,
scarcely ,barely
,few…
）
；
或者含有否定意义的连词（
not
only…but
also.
.,
neither..nor..,
no
sooner
had
…than.
..
（一
...
就
...
）
，
scarcely..than..,
Hardly
had
when
.., not until...;nowhere
等）
；或否定意义的介词词组
（
by no means(
决不
),in no caseway
（任何情况下都不）
,with no method, at no time
（决不）
,
on
no
account
（决不）
,under
no
circumsta ncescondition...
（任何情况下都不）
）位于句首
eg:
I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before.
Not a word did he say when he left.
Seldom/Scarcely does he go to that park.
Hardly(
几乎不
) do I speak to him.
Little English can he speak.
Little does he realize the importance of the meeting.
Few people did I see in the street.
含有否定意义的连词
：
eg
：
1)Not only
can he
play basketball, but also I can.
2
）
No sooner
had we arrived
home than it
began to rain.
3
）
Hardly
had we met
our friends when the train left.
4
）
Not until the baby fell asleep
did the mother leave
the room.(
主句倒装，从句不倒装
)
=The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.
注意
：
1)Not
only...but
also...
必须连接两个分句时，才使用部分倒装。而且只倒装
not
only
后的分句。如果连接的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。如：
Not
only
his
father
but
also
I
like
reading.
not
only…but
also…
前后连接两个句子时，
not
only
后的句子要用部分
倒装，但
but
also
后的分句不用倒装。如：
Not
only
did
he
come,
but
he
saw
her.
他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。
第
2
页
共
2
页
Not
only
is
he
a
teacher,
but
he
is
also
a
poet.
他不仅是一位教师，
而且是一位诗人。
Not
only
did
he
speak
more
correctly,
but
he
spoke
more
easily.
不仅他讲得更正确，
也讲得更不费劲了。
Not
only
did
they
present
a
musical
performance,
but
they
also
gave
a
brief
introduct
ion
to
the
history
of
Western
brass
instruments.
他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍
了西方铜管乐器的历史。
2)
当
not until
（
直到
...
才）引导主从复合句时，
主句倒装，
从句不用倒装，
或者可以理解为
“
后
倒前不倒（装）
”
。
1. Not only ___, but he himself
was badly beaten up.
A. was he robbed everything he had
B. everything he had was robbed of
C. had everything he had been robbed of
D. was he robbed of everything he had
2.I finally was admitted to Beijing University. Never in all my life ___ so happy.
A. I felt
B. did I feel
C. I had felt
D. had I felt
3. No sooner ___ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.
A. she went
B. she had gone
C. did she go
D. had she gone
4. Hardly ___ to write the composition when the bell ___.
A. had I begun; rang
B. I was beginning; rang
C. had I begun; was ringing
D. I will begin; rings
5.
Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man know
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
含有否定意义的介词词组：
如：
By no means should we tell lies.
On no account should we let him leave.
At no time
决不
will I get married to you.
In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.
注意：
in no time(
立即，马上
)
位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：
In no time he worked out the problem.
他马上就算出了那道题。
+
副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装；
eg: Only in this way
can you
use the computer well.
（
only+
介词短语）
Only yesterday
did he
find out that his watch was missing.
（
only+
副词）
Only when it began to rain
did he
finish his job.
（
only+
状语从句）
按英语习惯同，当
“< br>only+
状语
”
位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如：
Only
then
did
he
realize
that
he
was
wrong.
到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only
in
this
way
can
our
honour
be
saved.
只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。
第
3
页
共
3
页
Only
after
her
death
was
I
able
to
appreciate
her.
只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。
Only
when
he
returned
home
did
he
realize
what
had
happened.
当他回到家里时
,
才
知道出了什么事。
Only
by
shouting
was
he
able
to
make
himself
heard.
他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。
Only
when
we
landed
did
we
see
how
badly
the
plane
had
been
damaged.
我们只是
在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。
Only
on
one
point
do
I
agree
with
you.
只有一点，我同意你的说法。
1.
Only
then
_________
how
much
damage
had
been
caused.
A.
she
realized
B.
she
had
realized
D.
did
she
realize
C.
had
she
realized
2.
Only
after
my
friend
came
_________.
A.
did
the
computer
repaired
B.
be
repaired
the
computer
C.
was
the
computer
repaired
D.
the
computer
was
repaired
特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的
“
only+
状语
”
来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利
用给定的倒装结构来考查对
on ly
的选择。如下面一题
(
答案选
A)
：
_____by
keeping
down
costs
will
Power
Data
hold
its
advantage
over
other
companies.
A.
Only
B.
Just
C.
Still
4.
so用在句首，表示另一主语
“
也
...
样
”
时，用
“So + be(have,
助动词或情态动词
)+
主语
”
结< br>构；
而表示另一主语
“
也不
...
样
”
时，
用
“Nor
Neither + be(have,
助动词或情态动词
)+
主语
”
结构；注意：若是对上文同一主语的情况进行肯定时，不倒装。句型为< br>“So+
主语
+be
或
do
（
did
）/have ”
。
eg
：
He went to school yesterday, so did I.
---David has made great progress recently. --So he has, and so have you.
eg
：
He hasn't finished his homework, and nor have I.
eg :
If you won't go, neither/nor will I.
当
so
引出的句子用以对上文内容加以
证实或肯定时，
不可用倒装结构。
意为
“
的确如此
”
。
1)
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
2) ---
It’s raining hard.
---So it is.
1. --- David has made great progress recently.
--- _______, and _______.
A. So he has so you have
B. So he has so have you
C. So has he so have
D. So has he so you have
2.
Mary
never
does
any
reading
in
the
evening,
_________.
D.
Yet
第
4
页
共
4
页
A.
so
does
John
C.
John
doesn’t
too
B.
John
does
too
D.
nor
does
John
so…that
结构中的倒装。有时要强调
so
所修饰的形容词或副词，常将
so
连同它所修
饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首
.
这时，主句要用部分倒装结构。如：
1)
He ran so fast that he was far ahead of others
．
→
So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others
．
So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book
．
在
so...
that…
结构中，
若将
so+adj.
/
adv.
置于句首，
则其后的主句要用部分倒装。
如：
So
much
did
they
eat
that
they
could
not
move
for
the
next
hour.
So
loudly
did
he
speak
that
even
people
in
the
next
room
could
hear
him.
他讲话声
音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
So
sudden
was
the
attack
that
we
had
no
time
to
escape.
类似地，当< br>such…that…
结构的
suc
h…
置于句首时，
suc h
后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：
Such
a
nice
man
did
he
seem
that
we
all
believe
him.
他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜
欢他。
1.
So loudly ___ that everyone of the class could hear him.
A. did he speak
B. did he spoke
C. spoke he
D. he spoke
2. So little ___ agree on the plan that they could not settle their differences.
A. do they
B. did they
C. they did
D. they did not
3.
So
difficult
_____
it
to
work
out
the
problem
that
I
decided
to
ask
Tom
for
advice
A.
I
did
find B.
did
I
find
C.
I
have
found
D.
have
I
found
4.
_________
about
wild
plants
that
they
decided
to
make
a
trip
to
Madagascar
for
furth
er
research.
A.
so
curious
the
couple
was
B.
So
curious
were
the
couple
C.
How
curious
the
couple
were
D.
The
couple
was
such
curious
5.
—
It
’s
burning
hot
today,
isn’t
it?—
Yes.
_________
yesterday.
A.
So
was
it
B.
So
it
was
C.
So
it
is
D.
So
is
it
6.
—
Maggie
had
a
wonderful
time
at
the
party.
—
___C______,
and
so
did
I.
A.
So
she
had
B.
So
had
she
C.
So
she
did
D.
So
did
she
7.
—
Father,
you
promised!
—Well,
____D_____.
But
it
was
you
who
didn’t
keep
your
wo
rd
first.
第
5
页
共
5
页
A.
so
was
I
B.
so
did
I
C.
so
I
was
D.
so
I
did
5.
倒装句中的主谓一致
在
“
副词
here,
there,
now,
then,
up,
down,
in,
out,
away
等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分
词短 语＋谓语动词＋主语
”
的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。
On
the
wall
hang
two
maps.
墙上挂着两张地图。
On
the
wall
hangs
a
world
of
map.
墙上挂着一张世界地图。
Here
is
your
coat.
这是你的外套。
Here
are
your
running-shoes.
这是你的跑鞋。
Such
is
the
result.
结果就是这样
Such
are
the
results.
这就是结果。
例题讲解
1.
考查
never
置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词never
置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
如：（答案 分别为
B
）
(1)
Never
in
my
wildest
dreams
_________
these
people
are
living
in
such
poor
con
ditions.
(
安徽卷
)
A.
I
could
imagine
B.
could
I
imagine
C.
I
couldn’t
imagine
D.
couldn’t
I
imagine
2.
考查
little
置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词
litt le
置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
如：（答案分别为D
）
(1)
Little
_________
that
we
were
watching
his
every
move,
so
he
seemed
to
be
goi
ng
his
own
way
in
this
business.
(
安徽卷
)
A.
he
realized
B.
he
didn’t
realize
D.
did
he
realize
C.
didn’t
he
realize
3.
考查
seldom
置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词
seld om
置于句首时，
其后习惯上要用倒装语序
（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
如： （答案分别为
B
）
(1)
Seldom
_________
any
apology
when
mistakes
are
made.
A.
we
receive
C.
we
received
B.
do
we
receive
D.
did
we
receive
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