被动语态的构成
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月21日 12:45
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寒衣调-
被动语态的构成
1
．被动语态的基本结构：
be
＋动词过去分词
2
．各种时态的主动被动语态结构
(
以动词
do
为例
)
时态
主动语态
被动语态
am/ is/ are
＋
done
例句
主动语态
We clean the
classroom.
被动语态
The classroom is
cleaned by us.
The kite was made
by him.
Flowers are being
watered by her.
一般现在时
do/ does
一般过去时
did
现在进行时
am/ is/are
＋
doing
现在完成时
have/has
＋
done
was/ were
＋
done
He made the kite.
am/ is/ are
＋
being
She is watering
done
flowers.
have/ has
＋
been
done
Jim has finished the
The work has been
work.
finished by Jim.
Trees will be
planted by them
tomorrow.
will/ shall/ be going
will/ shall/ be going
They will plant
一般将来时
trees tomorrow.
to
＋
do
to
＋
be done
She was writing a
A letter was being
was/ were
＋
being
letter this time
written by her this
过去进行时
was/ were
＋
doing
＋
done
yesterday.
time yesterday.
过去完成时
had
＋
done
had
＋
done
Jim had finished
the work.
The work had been
finished by Jim.
He said a kite
would/ should/ be
would/should/ be
He said he would
would be made by
过去将来时
made a kite.
going to
＋
do
going to
＋
do
him.
含有情态动词
can/ may/ must
＋
do
can/may/must
＋
be
I can find him.
＋
done
He can be found by
me.
（二）被动语态的用法
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况
1
．不知道动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.
This watch is made in China.
这块手表是在中国制造的。
2
．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.
More trees must be planted every year.
每年必须有更多的树被种植。
3
．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
e.g.
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
世界上越来越多的人说汉语
(
强调汉语的使用广泛
)
。
4
．动作的发出者不是人时。
e.g.
Many houses were washed away in the flood.
很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。
（三）主动语态和被动语态的转换
1
．主动语态变被动语态：
（
1
）
要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，
若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，
要 将宾格变主格。