-2013年6月思想汇报

2021年1月22日发(作者：中国未成网)
Appendix

A

Glossary

of

Human

Resource

Management

Terms

absentees


Absentees
are
employees
who
are
scheduled
to
be
at
work
but
are
not
present.


Accident
and

sickness

policies

Accident
and
sickness
policies
usually
provide
a
minimum-care stipend for several weeks up to six months to help employees defray
the loss of income while they are sick or recovering from an accident.


accreditation
Accreditation is a process of certifying the competence of a person in an
area
of
capability.
The
Society
for
Human
Resource
Management
operates
an
accreditation program for personnel professionals.


active

listening

Active
listening
requires
the
listener
to
stop
talking,
to
remove
distractions, to be patient, and to empathize with the talker.


adverse

selection

Adverse
selection
occurs
when
an
insurance
company
has
a
disproportionately high percentage of insureds who will make claims in
the future.
Adverse
selection
often
results
when
people
are
given
a
chance
to
buy
insurance
without prescreening, which often means that a higher than normal proportion have a
condition that is likely to cause them to be frequent claimants.


affirmative

action

programs
Affirmative action programs are detailed plans developed
by
employers
to
undo
the
results
of
past
employment
discrimination,
or
to
ensure
equal opportunity in the future.


Age

Discrimination

in

Employment

Act

of

1967

(
as

amended)

This
act
prohibits
discrimination on employment because of age against those who are 40 and older.


American

Federation

of

Labor

and

Congress

of Industrial

Organization
(AFL-CIO)
The AFL-CIO is a federation of most national unions. It exists to provide a unified
focal
point
for
the
labor
movement,
to
assist
national
unions,
and
to
influence
government policies that affect members and working people.


applied

research

Applied
research
is
a
study
of
practical
problems,
the
solutions
of
which will lead to improved performance.


arbitration


Arbitration is the submission of a dispute to a neutral third party.


assessment

centers


Assessment centers are a standardized form of employee appraisal
that relies on multiple types of evaluation and multiple raters.


associate

membership


Associate
membership
in
a
labor
organization
allows
people
who are not employed under a union contract to affiliate with a union by paying fees
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and dues in return for union-supported benefits.


attitude

surveys


Attitude
surveys
are
systematic
methods
of
determining
what
employees
think
about
their
organization.
The
surveys
are
usually
done
through
questionnaires.
Attitude
survey
feedback
results
when
the
information
collected
is
reported
back
to
the
participants.
This
process
then
is
usually
followed
by
action
planning to identify and resolve specific areas of employee concern.


attrition


Attrition is the loss of employees who leave the organization's employment.


audit

report


The audit report is a comprehensive description of personnel activities. It
includes
both
commendation
for
effective
practices
and
recommendations
for
improving practices that are ineffective.


audit

team


An audit team consists of those people who are responsible for evaluating
the performance of the personnel department.


authorization

cards


Authorization
cards
are
forms
that
prospective
union
members
sign. The cards indicate their wish to have an election to determine whether a labor
organization will represent the workers in their dealings with management.


autonomous

work

groups


Autonomous work groups are teams of workers, without a
formal
company-appointed
leader,
who
decide
among
themselves
most
decisions
traditionally handled by supervisors.


autonomy
Autonomy is having control over one's work.


bargaining

book
A bargaining book is a compilation of the negotiation team's plans for
collective bargaining with labor or management. Increasingly, the bargaining book is
being replaced by information stored in accompany or union computer.


bargaining

committee


The union bargaining committee consists of union officials and
stewards
who
negotiate
with
management's
representatives
to
determine
wages,
hours, and working conditions to be embodied in the labor agreement.


behaviorally

anchored

rating

scales

(BARS)


BARS
rate
employees
scale
that
has
specific behavioral examples on it to guide the rater.

Behavioral
modeling

Behavioral
modeling
relies
on
the
initiation
or
emulation
of
a
desired
behavior.
A
repetition
of
behavior
modeling
helps
to
develop
appropriate
responses in specified situations.


behavior

modification

Behavior
modification
states
that
behavior
depends
on
its
consequences.


blind

ads


Blind ads are want ads that do not identify the employer.


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bona

fide

occupational

qualifications

(BFOQ)
A BFOQ occurs when an employer has a
justified
business
reason
for
discriminating
against
a
member
of
a
protected
class.
The burden of proving a BFOQ generally falls on the employer.


bottom-line

test
The bottom-line test is applied by the Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission to determine if a firm's overall selection process is having an adverse
impact
on
protected
groups.
Even
though
individual
steps
in
the
selection
process
might exhibit an adverse impact on a protected group, the firm will be considered in
compliance if the overall process does not have an adverse effect.


Boulwarism
Boulwarism is a negotiation strategy developed by General Electric. Using
this
approach
the
company
made
its

offer
to
the
union
at
the
beginning
of
negotiations. Then it remained firm unless the union could find where management
had erred in the calculations used to arrive at the offer. This strategy has been ruled
as an unfair labor practice by the National Labor Relations Board and by the federal
courts.


brainstorming


Brainstorming is a process by which participants provide their ideas on
a stated problem during a freewheeling group session.


buddy

system
The
is asked to show a new worker around the job site, conduct introduction, and answer
the newcomer's questions.


burnout


Burnout
is
a
condition
of
mental,
emotional,
and
sometimes
physical
exhaustion that results from substantial prolonged stress.


business

agent


A business agent is a full-time employee of a local (usually craft) union.
The business agent helps employees resolve their problems with management.


business

unionism


Business unionism describes unions that seek to improve the wages,
hours,
and
working
conditions
of
their
members
in
a
business
like
manner.
(See
social unionism.)


buy-back

Buy-backs
occur
when
an
employee
who
attempts
to
resign
is
convinced
to
stay in
the employment
of the organization. Normally the person is

back
with an offer of increased wages or salary.


Cafeteria

benefit

programs

Cafeteria
benefit
programs
allow
employees
to
select
the
fringe benefits and services that answer their individual needs.


career
A career is all the jobs that are held during one's working life.


career

counseling


Career
counseling
assists
employees
in
finding
appropriate
career
goals
and
paths.
career

development


Career
development
consists
of
those
experiences and personal improvements that one undertakes to achieve a career plan.

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career

goals


Career goals are the future positions that one strives to reach. These goals
serve as benchmarks along one's career path.


career

path
A career path is the sequential pattern of jobs that form one's career.


career

planning

Career
planning
is
the
process
by
which
one
selects
career
goals
and
paths to those goals.


career

plateau


A career plateau occurs when an employee is in a position that he or she
does well enough not to be demoted or fired but not well enough to be promoted.


change

agents


Change
agents
are
people
who
have
the
role
of
stimulating
change
within a group.


checkoff

A
checkoff
provision
in
a
union-management
labor
agreement
requires
the
employer to deduct union dues from employee paychecks and to remit those moneys
to the union.


Civil

Rights

Act

of
1964 This act was passed to make various forms of discrimination
illegal.


closed

shop


A
closed
shop
is
a
workplace
where
all
employees
are
required
to
be
members of the union
before
they are hired. These arrangements are illegal under the
National Labor Relations Act.


codetermination


Codetermination is a form of industrial
democracy first popularized
in
West
Germany.
It
gives
workers
the
right
to
have
representatives
vote
on
management decisions.


coinsurance

clause

A
coinsurance
clause
is
a
provision
in
an
insurance
policy
that
requires the employee to pay a percentage of the insured's expenses


communication

Communication
is
the
transfer
of
information
and
understanding
from
one person to another.


comparable

worth
Comparable worth is the idea that a job should be evaluated as to its
value to the organization and then paid accordingly. Thus jobs of comparable worth
would
be
paid
equally.
For
example,
two
people
with
widely
different
jobs
would
both receive the same pay if the two jobs were of equal value to the employer.


comparative

evaluation

approaches

Comparative
evaluation
approaches
are
a
collection of different methods that compare one person's performance with that of
co-workers.


compensation
Compensation is what employees receive in exchange for their work.

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Comprehensive

Employment

and

Training

Act

of

1973

(CETA)

CETA
was
a broad-ranging act designed to provide job training, employment, and job
hunting
assistance
to
less
advantaged
persons.
It
has
since
been
replaced
by
the
Job
Partnership Training

Act.

concentration

in

employment


Concentration
exists
when
an
employer
(or
some
subdivision
such
as
a
department)
has
a
higher
proportion
of
employees
from
a
protected class than is found in the employer's labor market. (See
underutilization.)


concessionary

bargaining

Concessionary
bargaining
occurs
when
labor
management
negotiations result in fewer employer-paid fringe benefits or wage concessions, such
as a freeze or wage cut.


conciliation

agreement


a
conciliation
agreement
is
a
negotiated
settlement
agreeable
to the EEOC and to all parties involved. Its acceptances closes the case.


Consolidated

Omnibus

Budget

Reconciliation

Act

of

1985

(COBRA)

This

act
was
signed into law in 1986. COBRA requires employers that provide group benefits to
employees
through
a
group
plan
to
also
provide
group
benefits
to
qualified
beneficiaries with the right to elect to continue their coverage for a certain period of
time after their coverage would otherwise terminate, with a few exceptions.


constructs
Constructs are substitutes for actual performance. For example, a score on a
test is a construct for actual learning.


contract

labor


Contract labor consists of people who are hired (and often trained) by
an independent agency that supplies companies with needed human resources for a
fee.


contributory

benefit

plans


Contributory benefit plans are fringe benefits that require
both
the
employer
and
the
employee
to
contribute
to
the
cost
of
the
insurance,
retirement, or other employer benefit.


coordinated

organizing
Coordinated organizing occurs when two or more unions pool
their resources to organize a targeted employer or group of employees.


corrective

discipline


Corrective
discipline
is
an
action
that
follows
a
rule
infraction
and seeks to discourage further infractions so that future acts are in compliance with
standards.


counseling

Counseling
is
the
discussion
of
an
employee
problem
with
the
general
objective of helping the worker cope with it.


counseling

functions

Counseling
functions
are
the
activities
performed
by
counselors.
They
include
advice,
reassurance,
communication,
release
of
emotional
tension,
clarified thinking, and reorientation.

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craft

unions


Craft unions are labor organizations that seek to include all workers who
have a common skill, such as carpenters or plumbers.


critical

incident

method


The
critical
incident
method
requires
the
rater
to
report
statements that describe extremely good or extremely bad employee behavior. These
statements are called
critical incidents,
and they are used as examples of good or bad
performance in rating the employee.


Decision-making

authority
See
line authority.


deductible

clause
A deductible clause is a provision in an insurance policy that requires
the insured to
pay
a specified amount of
a claim before the
insurer is
obligated to
pay.


deferral

jurisdictions


Deferral
jurisdictions
are
areas
in
the
United
States
where
the
EEOC
will
refer
a
case
to
another
(usually
a
state
or
local)agency;
for
example,
Florida Human Relations Commission.


deferred

stock

incentive

systems
These incentives award stock that becomes owned by
the executive gradually over several years.


delegation


Delegation
is
the
process
of
getting
others
to
share
a
manager's
work.
It
requires
the
manager
to
assign
duties,
grant
authority,
and
create
a
sense
of
responsibility.


Delphi

technique
The Delphi technique solicits predictions from a panel of experts about
some
specified
future
development(s).
The
collective
estimates
are
then
reported
back
to
the
panel
so
that
the
members
may
adjust
their
opinions.
This
process
is
repeated until a general agreement on future trends emerges.


demographics


Demographics is the study of population characteristics.


demotions


Demotions occur when an employee is moved from one job to another that
is lower in pay, responsibility, and organizational level.


development
Development represents those activities that prepare an employee for future
responsibilities.


Dictionary

of

Occupational

Titles

(DOT)

The
Dictionary
of
Occupational

Titles
is
a
federal government publication that provides detailed job descriptions and job codes
for most occupations in government and industry.


differential

validity


Differential
validity
is
used
to
demonstrate
that
tests
or
other
selection criteria are valid for different subgroups or protected classes.


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directive

counseling


Directive counseling is the process of listening to an employee's
emotional
problems,
deciding
with
the
employee
what
should
be
done,
and
then
telling and motivating the employee to do it. (See non directive counseling.)


discipline
Discipline
is
management
action
to
encourage
compliance
with
the
organization's standards.


dismissal


Dismissal
is
the
ultimate
disciplinary
action
because
it
separates
the
employee from the employer for a cause.


disparate

impact


Disparate
impact
occurs
when
the
results
of
an
employer's
actions
have a different effect on one or more protected classes.


disparate

treatment


Disparate
treatment
occurs
when
members
of
a
protected
class
receive unequal treatment.


Drug-Free

Workplace

Act

of
1988 This legislation requires that organizations applying
for federal grants certify that they will make good-faith efforts to provide a drug-free
work place.
dual

responsibility

for

personnel

management


Since both line and
staff managers are responsible for employees, production, and quality of work life, a
dual responsibility for personnel management exists.


due

process

Due
process
means
that
established
rules
and
procedures
for
disciplinary
action are followed and that employees have an opportunity to respond to the charges
made against them.


early

retirement


Early
retirement
occurs
when
a
worker
retires
from
an
employer
before the


Employee

Assistance

Programs

(EAPs)

EAPs
are
company-sponsored
programs
to
help employees overcome their personal problems through direct company assistance,
counseling, or outside referral.


employee

handbook

The
employee
handbook
explains
key
benefits,
policies,
and
general information about the employer.


The

Employee

Polygraph

Protection

Act


The act prohibits the use of polygraphs in
private
industry
by
forbidding
any
employer
engaged
in
commerce
or
in
the
production of goods for commerce from directly or indirectly requiring, requesting,
or causing any employee or prospective employee to take or submit to a lie detector
test. Restrictions also cover use of information regarding results of such a test and
the taking of adverse employment action against any employee who refuses, declines,
or fails to take a lie detector test.


Employee

Retirement

Income

Security

Act

(ERISA)


ERISA
was
passed
by
Congress
to
ensure
that
employer
pension
plans
meet
minimum
participation,
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-2013年6月思想汇报

-2013年6月思想汇报

-2013年6月思想汇报

-2013年6月思想汇报

-2013年6月思想汇报

-2013年6月思想汇报

-2013年6月思想汇报

-2013年6月思想汇报