-颐和园的导游词

2021年1月23日发(作者：蜜蜂的资料)
高考英语阅读理解试题
(
有答案和解析
)
含解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解

You can see a sea turtle named Herman, an octopus (
章鱼
) called Octavia, and a seal named
Lidia
at
the
Smithsonian's
National
Zoo
in
Washington,
D.C. Rather
than
real
animals,
they are
actually artworks made out of plastic trash from the ocean.

These artworks are part of a traveling exhibit called
Washed
Ashore
project,
led
by
the
artist
called
Pozzi,
works
to
raise
awareness
about
plastic
pollution in Earth's oceans.

More than 315 billion pounds of plastic litter the world's oceans today. Most of the plastic is
garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches. Rainwater, winds,
and high tides bring the trash into the ocean or into rivers that lead to the ocean. Once it is under
the waves, the plastic begins to break up into smaller and smaller pieces.

Thousands of sea animals die each year from eating plastic bags and other things. Each year,
millions more pounds of plastic end up in the ocean. A recent study found that if that continues,
by 2050 the total weight of plastic will be more than that of all the fish in the ocean.


The
Washed
Ashore
project
is
working
to
stop
that
from
happening.
Since
2010,
Washed
Ashore
volunteers
have
collected
38,000
pounds
of
plastic
trash
from
more
than
300
miles
of
beaches.
They
helped
Pozzi
create
more
than
60
artworks
of
sea
creatures
harmed
by
plastic
pollution.



artworks
are
a
powerful
reminder
of
our
personal
role
and
global
responsibility
in
preserving biodiversity (
生物多样性
) on land and in the sea,
National Zoo.

（
1
）
What is the purpose of the artworks shown at the Smithsonian's National Zoo?

A. To
let
people
know
about
animals
in
the
ocean.
B. To
introduce
one
way
of
recycling
plastic trash.

C. To warn people of plastic pollution in the ocean.
D. To show Pozzi's great gift for creating
artworks.

（
2
）
According to the passage, what is the source of plastic pollution in the ocean?

A. Garbage from towns and cities.
B. Trash left on beaches by people.

C. Plastic bags broken up by waves.
D. Litter created by human activities.

（
3
）
The data in Paragraph 5 is given to prove that .

A. plastic
pollution
will
be
more
serious
in
the
ocean
B. more
and
more
artworks
of
sea
creatures will be made

C. the
Washed
Ashore
project
has
made
great
achievements
D. volunteers
can
solve
the
ocean pollution successfully by 2050

（
4
）
What's Dennis Kelly's attitude towards the artworks?

A. Worried. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Unconcerned.

（
5
）
What would be the best title for the text?

A. Turning Trash into Art
B. Working for Washed Ashore

C. Collecting Plastic Trash D. Stopping Environmental Pollution

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
B

（
5
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，
Pozzi
用垃圾雕塑了海 洋动物，来提醒全球的人们去
保护海洋，禁止人们朝海洋扔垃圾。

（
1
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“
These
artworks
are
a
powerful
reminder
of
our
personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity on land and in the sea.”
可知这
些艺术品展示了人们在海洋生物多 样性保护中的个人作用。即：警醒人民注意海洋中的塑
料污染。故选
C
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“
More
than
3
15billion
pounds
of
plastic
litter
the
world's oceans,today. Most of the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that
people leave on beaches.”
可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人类活动所产生的垃圾。故选< br>D
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中所列的数字信息可 以证明：该项目最近几年在清理海洋
垃圾中所做的巨大成绩（已有
3800
吨垃圾被清 理）。故选
C
。

（
4
）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的

“These
artworks
are
a
powerful
reminder
of
our
personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity on land and in the sea.”
其中关
键信息

“powerful
reminder”
可知这些艺术品是人们在保护海洋中所起作 用的有力证明，故
选
B
。

（
5
）考查主旨大意。 本文是通过把海洋中的塑料垃圾变成艺术品以唤醒人们的海洋保护意
识。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答
案。


2
．
阅读理解


said with a tear in her eye.



With a tremble in her voice the little girl answered.
to go away.



now,
said
the
lady,

a
little
girl
like
you
waiting
for
her,
I'm
sure
she'll
be
right
back.


heaven now with Grandfather.

The woman realized what the child meant, and why she was crying. Kneeling down she gently
gathered the child into her arms and together they cried for the mommy that was gone. As the
woman intended to go, the little girl grabbed her sleeve, pointing to a spot on her dress, saying,

another kiss, and here, and here. Mommy said that she put all those kisses on my dress so that I
would have her kisses whenever I cry.

Then the lady realized that she wasn't just looking at a dress, she was looking at a mother who
knew that she was going away and would not be there to kiss away the hurts that she knew her
daughter would get. So she took all the love she had for her little girl and put them into this dress.
She no longer saw a little girl in a simple dress. She saw a child wrapped in her mother's love.

（
1
）
Why did the little girl cry when she showed her dress to the stranger?

A. Because she didn't think the dress was beautiful enough.
B. Because her mom abandoned
her after she made the dress.

C. Because her mom passed away and she can't see her any more.
D. Because her mom left
home to travel with her grandfather.

（
2
）
Mom put the spots on her daughter's dress to __________.

A. ensure that her daughter could remember her
B. kiss her whenever she cries

C. make her look more beautiful and lovely
D. help her daughter carry through difficult times

（
3
）
It could be inferred from the passage that ____________.

A. the
woman
was
deeply
touched
by
what
the
mom
had
done
B. the
mom
was
cruel
enough to leave her daughter behind

C. the little girl didn't care about her mom any longer
D. the mom kissed the skirt here and
there to comfort her daughter

（
4
）
Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. A kind woman. B. A lovely girl. C. Not a simple dress. D. A great mom.

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文，一个女人遇到一个搭讪的孩子，她的母亲已经死
去，却给孩子留下的一份特殊的礼物：一条充满着爱 的裙子。

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“my
daddy
said
she's
up
in
heaven
now
with
Gra
ndfather”可知，小女孩的母亲已经去世了。故选
C
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“Mommy
said
that
she
put
all
those
kisses
on
my
dress so that I would have her kisses whenever I cry. ”
可知，妈妈为了帮助孩子度过 人生中会
哭的时候，即可以引申为度过难关。故选
D
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“Then the lady realized that she wasn't just look
ing at
a dress, she was looking at a mother who knew that she was going away and would not be there
to kiss away the hurts that she knew her daughter would get. So she took all the love she had for
her little girl and put them into this dress.”
可知，女人深感裙子里蕴含的深意，并为之感动。
故选
A
。

（
4
）考查主旨大意。本文从头到尾都围绕小女孩身上的裙子而展开，并且结尾处进行裙子< br>意义的深化。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和 主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的 逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解



Coral
reefs
(
珊瑚礁
)
are
an
integral
part
of
sea
life
and
sustain
it
by
providing
shelter
and
habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing
fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise
in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime
coral bleaching (
白化现象
) events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to
abandon them.

In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a
study
that
involved
using
loudspeakers
underwater
near
damaged
coral
reefs
to
make
them
sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick- starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs
and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the
Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the
largest coral reef system in the world.



coral
reefs
are
remarkably
noisy
places-the
crackle
of
snapping
shrimp
and
the
whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a
place to settle,
UK.


By
using
loudspeakers
to
copy
such
sounds,
parts
of
dead
coral
reefs
were
found
to
attract
twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.
crucial
for
coral
reefs
to
function
as
healthy
ecosystems.
Boosting
fish
populations
in
this
way
could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many
coral reefs around the world,

（
1
）
What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?

e species.

pollution.

g industry.

ng temperatures.

（
2
）
What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?

ng damaged coral reefs.

loudspeakers to keep fish away.

ng new homes for sea species.

g certain sounds to appeal to fish.

（
3
）
Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted?

provide some findings of the study.

show the progress of the experiment.

explain reasons for the new approach.

give another solution to the problem.

（
4
）
What can we infer from the last paragraph?

attempts are in vain.

l recovery is impossible.

l success has been achieved.

coral reefs have returned to normal.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频 繁、
更长期的珊瑚白化事件，而为了恢复这一脆弱的生态系统，科学家们在受损的珊瑚礁附近
使 用水下扩音器，让珊瑚听起来更健康，从而能够吸引鱼类。作者解释了采用这一方法的
原因以及这一新方 法获得了初步成功。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“However,
the
rise
in average water
temperatures
due
to
climate
change
has
resulted
in
more
frequent
and
longtime
u
coral
bleaching
events
that
damage their health, causing fish
and other sea species to abandon them.”
然而，由于气候变化
导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件， 损害了它们的健康，导致鱼
类和其他海洋物种抛弃它们，可知，气温攀升是导致珊瑚白化现象的原因。故 选
D
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“In
order
to
restore
this
delicate
ecosystem,
scientists
from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near
damaged
coral reefs
to
make
them
sound
healthy
and attract
fish,
potentially
kick-starting
the
natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.”
为了恢复这一脆弱的生
态系统， 来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家们进行了一项研究，他们在受损的珊瑚礁附近使用
水下扩音器，让它们听起 来更健康，吸引鱼类，这可能会启动珊瑚礁的自然恢复过程及其
依赖的生命形式，可知，应当采用播放某 些声音来吸引鱼的方法来恢复珊瑚礁。故选
D
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
“Healthy
coral
reefs
are
remarkably
noisy
places
-
the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. ”
健康的珊瑚礁是非常吵杂的
地方
——
虾的噼啪声和鱼的呼噜呼噜声，可知， 引用
Steve
Simpson
的话是为了解释采用这
一新方法的原因。故 选
C
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of
dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds
were played.”
通过使用扩音器来模仿这些声音，人们发现部分死去的珊瑚礁比没 有声音的地
方能吸引两倍多的鱼，可推知这一新方法初步取得了成功。故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解

They had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. One reason Dad had so
many children was that he was confident anything he and Mother teamed upon was sure to be a
success.

Our house at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for scientific management and the
removal of wasted motions
—

or “motion study,” as Dad and Mother named it.

Dad took moving pictures of us children washing dishes, so that he could determine how we
could reduce our motions and thus hurry through the task. Each child who wanted extra pocket
money
put
forward
an
offer
saying
what
he
would
do
the
job
for.
The
lowest
bidder
got
the
contract(
合约
).

Dad put process and work charts in the bathrooms. Every child old enough to write
—
and Dad
expected his children to start writing at a young age
—
was required to sign their names on the
charts in the morning after he had brushed his teeth, taken a bath, combed his hair, and made his
bed. At night, each child had to weigh himself, mark the figure on a graph, and sign the process
charts again after he had done his homework, washed his hands and face, and brushed his teeth.
Mother wanted to have a place on the charts for saying prayers, but Dad said as far as he was
concerned prayers were voluntary.

It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency
expert.
He
buttoned
his
vest
from
the
bottom
up,
instead
of
from
the
top
down, because
the
bottom-to-top
process
took
him
only
three
seconds,
while
the
top-to-bottom
took
seven.
He
even used two shaving brushes to make his face smooth enough, because he found that by so
doing he could cut seventeen seconds off his shaving time. For a while he tried shaving with two
razors, but he finally gave that up.


“I can save forty
-
four seconds,” he complained, “but I wasted two minutes this morning putting
this bandage on my throat.” It wasn't the injured throat that really bothered him.
It was the two
minutes.

（
1
）
Why was the author's house considered a sort of school?

A. It had a team of twelve children there. B. The children were taught how to work well in it.

C. The
parents
could
teach
their
children
better
at
home.
D. The
parents
could
have
the
children's daily activities recorded.

（
2
）
What is the purpose of signing the charts?

A. To help to do things efficiently.
B. To manage the big family effectively.

C. To look after the children better. D. To remind the children to obey the rules.

（
3
）
What did the father complain about one morning?

A. He should have given up shaving. B. His bleeding throat bothered him.

C. He couldn't shave with two razors. D. He failed to cut short his shaving time.

（
4
）
We can we infer from the text?

A. The kids had to bid for everything they wanted.
B. The author took pride in his father's
management.

C. The couple were always troubled by their children.
D. The father's work was to teach the
children at home.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文，作者父亲有一套严格有效的管理教育子女的方法，
使作者感到自豪。

（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“Our
house
at
Montclair,
New
Jersey,
was
a
sort
of
school for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions
—

or ‘motion study,’ as Dad
and Mother named it.”
可知，作者的家被认为是一种学校是因为孩子们被教导如何在里面 工
作得很好。故选
B
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
“It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or
on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert.”
可知， 签署图表的目的是为了帮助我们有效
地做事。故选
A
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“‘I can save forty
-
four seconds,’ he complained, ‘but I
wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat.’ It wasn't the injured throat
that really bothered him. It was the two minutes.”
可知，父亲抱怨他没能缩短他的剃须时间。
故选
D
。

（
4
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
“It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or
on
the
job,
Dad
was
always
the
efficiency
expert.
He
buttoned
his
vest
from
the
bottom
up,
instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds,
while the top- to-
bottom took seven.”
可知，作者以他父亲的管理而自豪。故选
B
。

【点 评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的
逻辑关系，进行分析 ，推理，选出正确答案。



5
．
阅读理解


The Mokoko
tribe
(
部落
)
lived
on
the
wrong
side
of
the
island
of
two
faces.
The
two
sides,
separated by a great cliff (
悬崖
), were like night and day. The good side was watered by rivers and
was filled with trees and abundant food, while on the wrong side there was hardly any water or
plants, and wild beasts crowded together. The Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived
there, with no way to cross to the other side. Their life was hard and they lived in permanent
terror of the beasts.

Along the edge of the cliff separating the two sides, a skinny but strong tree grew, with which
they could build two poles. There was no doubt that the tribe would choose the great chief and
doctor to use the poles. But when the two of them were given their chance to make the jump,
they didn't dare to. They thought that the pole could break or it would not be long enough. They
put so much energy into these thoughts that they gave in.

But into that tribe were born Nam and Ariki, a pair of young hearts. One day, they decided to
take
up
the
poles.
Nobody
stopped
them,
but
everyone
did
try
to
discourage
them,
trying
to
present how dangerous the jumping was, using a thousand explanations.





worry.
I
am
a
bit
scared
too,
but
it
doesn't
look
so
difficult,
replied
Ariki,
ever
determined.




out well either.



And on the next day, Naru and Ariki jumped to the good side of the island. When taking up the
poles,
while
feeling
their
desire,
the
fear
hardly
allowed
them
to
breathe.
And
while
flying
through the air, helpless and without support, they felt that something must have gone wrong
and death awaited them. But when they landed on the other side, they thought the jump really
hadn't been so bad after all.

（
1
）
What situation were the Mokoko faced with?

A. They
lived
a
difficult
life
without
fearing
the
beasts. B. They
suffered
a
lot
due
to
the
terrible environment.

C. They had easy access to the good side. D. They were surrounded by trees and rivers.

（
2
）
How did the chief and doctor feel when they were chosen?

A. Frightened.
B. Energetic.
C. Desperate.
D. Satisfied.

（
3
）
What's the tribe members' reaction when Nam and Ariki decided to take up the poles?

A. The
members
desired
to
follow
their
steps.
B. The
members
tried
to
prevent
the
behaviour.

C. The members convinced them of the danger. D. The members encouraged them to have a
try.

（
4
）
What can we infer about Naru and Ariki?

A. They
overcame
difficulty
with
courage
and
determination. B. They
felt
relaxed
in
the
whole process of making the jump.

C. They
never
doubted
the
difficulty
in
making
the
jump. D. They
hesitated
to
make
the
jump over and over again.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文，一个岛被大的悬崖分成完全不同的两部分，好的一
面有水有树食物充足而另一面几乎没水没植物，野 兽聚集。这个部落正好位于条件很恶劣
的一面。讲述了
Nam
和
Ariki
不畏艰险用勇气和决心克服了困难来到了岛的好的一面。

（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“The Mokoko tribe (
部落
) lived on the wrong side of the
island of two faces. The two sides, separated by a great cliff (
悬崖
), were like night and day. ---The
Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived there, with no way to cross to the other side.
Their life was hard and they lived in permanent terror of the beasts.”
可知，由于可怕的环境他
们遭受了很多。故选
B
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“There
was
no
doubt
that
the
tribe
would
choose
the
great chief and doctor to use the poles. But when the two of them were given their chance to
make the jump, they didn't dare to”
可知，首领和医生被选上时他们感到害怕。故选
A
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“They thought that the pole could break or it would not

-颐和园的导游词

-颐和园的导游词

-颐和园的导游词

-颐和园的导游词

-颐和园的导游词

-颐和园的导游词

-颐和园的导游词

-颐和园的导游词