-女神的眼泪

2021年1月23日发(作者：天鹅梦)
高中英语阅读理解专题训练


第一节：阅读理解（共
15
小题；每小题
2
分，满分
30
分）

阅读下列短文，从每题 所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
项中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。

A
(words:311&225)
The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide
equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care
had to be paid for by individuals.
Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered
by
local
health
authorities.
About
83
percent
of
the
cost
of
the
health
service
is
paid
for
by
general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in
work.
There
are
charges
for
prescription
and
dental
care
but
many
people,
such
as
children,
pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.
Most
people
are
registered
with
a
local
doctor
(a
GP
,
or
General
Practitioner)
who
is
increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.

As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than
before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals
—
many of which were built in
the nineteenth century
—
provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff.
The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on
health care than most of her European neighbours.
During
the
1980s
there
was
considerable
restructuring
of
the
Health
Service
with
an
increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example,
cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the
NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for
patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs
would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money
should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.
1

41. We can know from the first paragraph that ______________.
A. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody
B. people didn’t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up

C. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948
D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers
42. What do we know about the NHS?
A. It’s managed by the central government.

B. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.
C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.
D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.
43. All the following statements about GPs are true except that they ____________.
A. take care of the local people’s health

B. often take part in competitions to see who is the best
C. work under high pressure nowadays
D. have more responsibilities than before
4
4. What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?

A. suffering


B. different





C. prevented


D. free
45. The biggest problem for the NHS is ______________.
A. many hospitals are too old to be used
B. some services are in the charge of individuals
C. more and more patients go to GPs for treatment
D. there is not enough money for further reform
【答案与解析】


41
—
45

CCBDD

国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，
但由地方当局管理。建立国家保健中心的最初目的

是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，尤其儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。

41. C
。
细节理解题。
根据最后一自然段最后一句可知，
建立国家保健中心的最初 目的是为农
村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，而不是针对所有的人，所以前两项错误。

42. C
。细节理解题。根据第
4
自然段“
The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe
…”可知。
从第二自然段第 一句可以看出国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，
但由地方当局管理，
所以
2

A
项错误。

43. B
。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段话“
and encouraging GPs to compete for patients
”可
知政府鼓励全科医生之间相互竞争，而不是让 他们进行竞赛，看谁的医术高明。

44. D
。
猜测词义题。
前面 提到医生开药方及给病人治疗牙病需要收费，
再结合
but
一词可推
断儿童、 孕妇等可享受免费治疗。

45. D
。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知。

B
（
words:281&217
）



So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to
undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to
read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about
read
ing. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to
do the impossible”.



Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function.
The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for
children
to
devise
the
most
efficient
system
for
teaching
themselves
to
read.
Teaching
is
also
public activity. It can be seen and observed.


Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed
language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is
not open to public scrutiny.


If
teacher
and
learner
roles
are
not
interchangeable
,what
then
can
be
done
through
teaching that will aid the child in the quest
（探索）
for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for
all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful,
enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”



When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher
and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is
eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children
are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.


46
．
The
problem
with
the
reading
course
as
mentioned
in
the
first
paragraph
is
that
_______________.
3



A. it is one of the most difficult school courses


B. students spend endless hours in reading


C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance


D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading


47
．
The teaching of reading will be successful if _______________.


A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students


B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading


C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading


D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable


48
．
The underlined word“ scrutiny” most

probably means“______________”.



A. inquiry












B. observation


C. control












D. suspicion


49
．
According
to
the
passage,
learning
to
read
will
no
longer
be
a
difficult
task
when
______________.


A. children become highly motivated


B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable


C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge


D. reading enriches children’s experience



50
．
The main idea of the passage is that ______________.


A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read


B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible


C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught


D. reading is more complicated that generally believed
【答案与解析】


46
—
50

DBBAC

本文是一篇议论文，
在对传统的阅读教学方式进行批判的同时，
论述了作者自己阅读的
教学观：
阅 读的教与学是两个完全不同的过程。
教学的任务是为学生能够找出自己最有效的
自学阅读的方法 创造条件和氛围。
学生的阅读能力并不是通过教师教就能掌握的；
教师应做
的是给学生 创造一个好的环境和条件，
激发学生阅读的渴望，
培养出良好的阅读习惯、
方法。只有这样，学生才能掌握阅读技能，提高阅读水平。

4

46
．
D
。推理判断题。依据文章第一自然段第
3
行“
It
is
certainly
not
endless
hours
spent
in
activities about reading..
”
（教学生如何阅读当然不是带着学生花费大量的时间去一点一点地
读）
。可以看出 ，作者认为现在教阅读的时间太多了，这当然是因为教而不教法。所以选项
D
正确。

47
．
B
。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段第
2
行开始的 句子：
“
The function of teaching is to
create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most
efficient system for teaching themselves

to read
”
（教学的任务是为学生能够找出自 己最有效
的自学阅读的方法创造条件和氛围）
，
B
项符合上述意思，为正确答 案。

48
．
B
。意义猜测题。该题为猜测词义。
inqu iry
“询问”
。
observation
“观察”
。
co ntrol
“控
制”
。
suspicion
“
怀疑”
。
该词出现在第三自然段最后一句
“
process is not open to public scrutiny
”
，
考生可从该句的上文作出推测。
最明显的提示出现在第二自然段最后一句
“
Teaching is also a
public activity
；
it can be seen and obs erved
”
所以，
scrutiny
最可能的词义应该是
obse rvation
，
故
B
项正确。

49
．
A
。细节理解题。依据文章第四自然段、第五自然段所提供的信息，特别是第
5
段第< br>3
行“
Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are
given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading
”
（当教师们创造了一
种 环境，使孩子们有机会自己通过阅读解决所遇到的问题时，学习阅读就变得容易多了）
，
可以看 出
A
项与之最为相近。

50
．
C
。主旨大意题。 依据文章第一自然段第
4
行“
reading cannot be taught directly and
…”
说明学生的阅读能力并不是通过教师教就能掌握的。
教 师应做的是给学生创造一个好的环境
和条件，激发学生阅读的渴望，培养出良好的阅读习惯、方法。只有 这样，学生才能掌握阅
读技能，提高阅读水平。所以选项
C
正确。其他选项与文章讨论 的范围不符。

C
（
words:348&282
）

TAIBEI
－
Increasing
numbers
of
Taiwanese
students
are
joining
the
island’s
“China
rush”,
seeking education on the Chinese mainland
．





According
to
official
Chinese
figures,
the
number
of
Taiwanese
students
admitted
into
college and postgraduate
（研究生）
programs on the mainland totaled 461 in 1996, 928 in 1997
and
839
in
1998
．
Although
no
latest
official
numbers
were
available,”
Netbig.
Com
Said
this
number had risen between 30 to 50 percent annually in the past two years with well over 1000
5

entering mainland campuses last year.




The
Internet
site,
based
in
the
Chinese
city
of
Shenzhen,
provides
education
service
and
information
on
Chinese
mainland
college
and
universities.
“Many
Taiwanese
believe
a
Chin
ese
education
giving
more
knowledge
about
the
people
and
culture
in
the
mainland
will
increase
their chances in the Chinese job market, Net. Com vice-president Ingrid Huang said
．
“I believe
it
will
give
me
hands- on
experience
in
the
business
field
in
the
Chinese
mainland
and
a
better
understanding
of
the
Chinese
mainland
people,”
said
Lydia
Chang,
a
19
-year-old
majoring
in
journalism
at
Shih
Shin
University.
Chang
plans
to
go
on
to
get
a
master’s
degree
in
business
administration in Shanghai, which she says offers the best environment for such studies.




A
journalism
graduate
student,
surnamed
Lin,
at
the
National
Taiwan
University
said
he
would like to study law on the Chinese mainland since “there will be better career prospects now
that
more
Taiwanese
com
panies
are
going
there”.
“They
hope
the
children
could
build
up
connections which could later become useful in their business operations,” said Yang Ching
-yao,
professor of the Chinese mainland studies. A Netbig. Com survey showed the campuses favored
by Taiwan students included Beijing, Qinghua and Renmin universities in Beijing, and Jinan and
Zhongshan universities in Guangzhou. The most popular studies were law, business and Chinese
medicine.




At present, Chinese Taibei doesn’t recognize diplomas earn
ed in the Chinese mainland nor
help with any inquiries about studying there. But recognizing the trend, education authorities are
giving a final form to a policy accepting certificates
（证书）
from selected universities.
51
．
More Taiwanese students study on the Chinese mainland because ___________.




A
．
Taiwan will reunite with the mainland sooner or later
B
．
the fees asked for are lower than those of Taiwan
C
．
what they have learned on the mainland will bring them a bright future
D
．
there are many famous universities for them to choose
52
．
Some business executives were sending their children to study in the Chinese mainland so
that their children ___________.

A
．
could receive better education





B
．
could learn more about the policy there
6


C
．
could do well in the business operations


D
．
could make more friends there
53
．
The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to __________.

A
．
Netbig. Com





















B
．
a Chinese education on the mainland

C
．
the Chinese job market


D
．
the university
54
．
The author wrote the article to tell us ______________.


A
．
more Taiwanese students are studying on the mainland
B
．
the
number
of
Taiwanese
students
going
to
universities
on
the
mainland
had
been
increasing year after year


C
．
education on the mainland is more attractive compared with that of Taiwan
D
．
Taiwan and the mainland should cooperate with each other in every field.
55
．
Which is true according to the passage?


A
．
Chinese Taibei recognizes diplomas earned on the Chinese mainland
B
．
The
number
of
Taiwanese
students
going
to
study
on
the
mainland
will
surely
be
increasing in the next few years.


C
．
Chinese Taibei doesn’t help with any inquiries about Taiwanese studying in the mainland

D
．
Education of Taiwan is far behind the mainland.
【答案与解析】



51~55 CCBAC

现在台湾学生来中国留学的人数在增加，
台湾学 生来中国留学是为自己以后找到好的
工作创造更多的机会和途径。

51
．< br>C
。细节理解题。综合文章第二、三、四自然段可知，台湾学生来中国留学是为自己以
后 找到好的工作创造更多的机会和途径。

52. C
。
推理判断题。
通过文章第五自然段中
“They hope the children could build up connections
which could later become useful in their business operations,”
一句话可知。

53
．
B
。意 义猜测题。通过原文可知这里
“it”
指的是
“
大陆的教育
”
。

54
．
A
。主旨大意题。虽然现在台湾学生来中国留学的人数 在增加，但是文章并没有说大陆
教育比台湾教育更吸引人，也没有谈到台湾和大陆的合作。

55
．
C
。推理判断题。通过文章最后一自然段第一句话
“At
present,
Chinese
Taibei
doesn’t
recognize
diplomas
earned
in
the
Chinese
mainland
nor
help
with
any
inquiries
about
7

studying t
here.”
可知台北不承认大陆学历，
也 不为台湾来中国留学的学生提供任何帮助；
另外文章也没有说下一步台湾来中国留学的学生垦定会增加，
也没有说台湾教育落后于
大陆。






















高考英语新题型解答技巧——阅读简答题



（一）

Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference
between boys and girls.

However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one
scientist points out, “There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at birth
which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the
time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost
impossible to tell whether girls are worse at science and maths, or whether they’ve
been brought up to think of these subjects as boys’ ‘territory’”.

Statistics show that in mathematics, at least, girls are equal to boys. A recent
report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes.
One of the reports’ authors says, “While it is socially unacceptable for people not to
be able to read and write, it is still acceptable for women to say that they are
‘hope
-
less’ at maths. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as
good as the boys, they have not been encouraged to do so.”

8

The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years,
goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery
school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to complete tasks, although
boys are. For example, boys and not girls, are often asked to ‘help’ with repair work.
This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life.
Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have
teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves.

A further report on maths teaching shows that teachers seem to give more
attention to boys than to girls.

Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male
students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female
students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives
them confidence and makes them believe that they can succeed.

Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such ‘male’ subjects like
mathematics and science as difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid
mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons.

Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls
become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Girls do not seem to want to
be in open competition with boys. Neither do they want to do better than boys
because they are afraid to appear less female and so, less attractive.

81. According to scientific studies, girls can learn maths as well as boys if
__________.

82. Those who made extraordinary contributions in mathematics and science
____________.

83. Why are boys favored over girls when it comes to mathematics and science?
_____________.

84. What caused girls to give up mathematics courses?_______________________.



keys

81. given enough encouragement.

82. had the abilities of solving problems by themselves.

83. Because teachers expect boys to do better in mathematics and science.

84. Social reasons.



（二）

In 1901, the citizens of Colorado Springs in the USA decided to collect everyday
items and to seal (
密封
) them in a steel box. The box was marked
“
To be opened
after midnight, December 31st , AD2000
”
, and was stored in the Colorado College
library.

One hundred years later, on the appointed day, 300 people gathered to watch
the opening of the box. Many in the crowd were the descendants (
后代
) of people
who had placed things inside the box.

9

When the box was opened after midnight, the contents were in very good
condition. There were newspapers, photographs, diaries, name cards, family trees,
books and dozens of letters, including one written by Theodore Roosevelt, who
became the President of the USA later that year. One of Roosevelt's friends lived in
Colorado Springs at that time.

Many of the letters were addressed to their descendants. They describe the
hopes that people of 1901 had for the people of the next century. At that time,
Colorado Springs had just a few thousand residents, Now nearly half a million people
live there.

Colorado College Library has scanned the material and put them on a website.
Cecil Muller, whose grandfather had placed a collection of postcards in the box, said
that the time capsule was a great treasure. “This is a wonderful educational resource.
We can learn so much a
bout our history,” he said. “I never knew my grandfather, but
now I feel very close to him.”

In April 2001, a committee filled the time capsule with items from modem
Colorado Springs and resealed it for another hundred years.

81. According to the passage, when was the box opened?(no more than 5words)
_____________________________
82. What didmany of the letters in the box talk about?(no more than 5words)
_______________________________.

83. What does the “time capsule” refer to according to the context in the passage?

_____________ __________________________________________________ ____.

84. What can be concluded from Cecil Muller’s words?

___________________ ________________________________________________.



Keys

81. January 1st, AD 2001

82. hope for the future.

83. It refers to a collection of items from people in the past.

84. He learned a lot about the local history from the collection.


（三）

Credit and debit cards are expected to overtake cash this year as Britain's most
popular method of payment, according to a new industry report. It will be the first
time that card payments have outstripped cash outlay for goods and services. There
are 246 plastic card transactions made every second. Total plastic card use is
expected to exceed
￡
269 billion in 2004, just a whisker ahead of the predicted
￡
268 billion for cash payments, said banking industry body the Association for
Payment Clearing Services.





The group, which represents the major banks, said credit cards had become
“
demonized
”
（魔鬼化）

as one of the main causes of ballooning debts, but added:
“
Without plastic, our society would virtually grind to a halt.
”

10

Last year, the number of plastic cards in use in Britain grew by 13 million, or 9%,
to 160 million
—
the equivalent of 3.5 cards per adult. Two-thirds of card transactions
are now made using debit cards.

Plastic accounted for
￡
244 billion of spending in 2003.
“
This year, total plastic
card use, if business card usage is included, is expected to top
￡
269 billion. In 2005
it is expected that personal plastic card usage alone will overtake cash payments,
”

said Apacs.

In terms of numbers of transactions, cash will remain much bigger than plastic
for some time to come, it added. “Cash will always remain there for low
-value
payments.”

Meanwhile, 2003 was the year that e-
commerce “came of age” in the UK. More
than 18 million people bought goods or services online, up 50% on 2002. Credit cards
accounted for 69% of the 200m transactions, with debit cards mopping up most of
the remainder.

Last year was a landmark year for another reason --- the first reduction in card
fraud for eight years. Fraud losses on plastic cards fell by 5% to
￡
402 million as
measures to combat crooks started to take effect.

A new generation of cards containing computer chips is being introduced, and
by the end of this year most people making face-to-face purchases will have to type
their four-digit Pin number into keypads at tills and will no longer have to sign
receipts.

81. The phrase “a whisker ahead of” in para
graph one means__________________.

82. Card fraud was reduced last year because______________________________.

83. According to the passage, what is the benefit brought about by credit cards?

__ __________________________________________________ ______________.

84. What do people need to do now when they shop with their credit cards?

_________________________________________ _________________________.



Keys

81. a little higher than.

82. measures to punish fraud started to take effect.

83. It speeds up the development of society.

84. Sign receipts.



（四）

Your body creates energy from nutrients, oxygen and invigorating stimuli, such
as fragrance. Natural mood, beauty and body boosters such as these suit our
increasingly busy lives because they provide an instant lift and are so simple to do
each day.

Massage your ears. According to traditional Chinese medicine, stimulating
acupressure pints
（指压穴位）
on your ears increases blood circulation, and thus
energy. Vigorously rub your ears all over for about a minute. They should start to
11

-女神的眼泪

-女神的眼泪

-女神的眼泪

-女神的眼泪

-女神的眼泪

-女神的眼泪

-女神的眼泪

-女神的眼泪