-记一件有趣的事作文

2021年1月23日发(作者：嫦娥的故事)
考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析

Unit1
Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text
by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
（
40 points
）

T
ext 1



It’s
plain
common
sense?
D
the
more happiness
you
feel,
the
less
unhappiness
you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research
reveals
that
happiness
and
unhappiness
are
not
really
two
sides
of
the
same
emotion.
They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.



People
might
think
that
the
higher
a
person’s
level
of
unhappiness,
the
lower
their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s
average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship
between the two.



The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much
like
love
and
hate
in
a
close
relationship
may
offer
valuable
clues
on
how
to
lead
a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that
make
you mise
rable
may
well make
you
less miserable, but probably
won’t make
you
any
happier. That
advice
is backed up
by an
extraordinary series of
studies which
indicate
that
a
genetic
predisposition
for
unhappiness
may
run
in
certain
families.
On
the
other
hand,
res
earchers
have
found
happiness
doesn’t
appear
to
be
anyone’s
heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.



Psychologists
have
settled
on
a
working
definition
of
the
feeling
?D
happiness
is
a
sense
of
subjective
well- being.
T
hey
have
also
begun
to
find
out
who’s
happy,
who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a
happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to
bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.



Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are
more
responsive to
people
and keep up
connections better than when we are feeling
sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s
that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced
by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.

1. According to the text, it is true that

［
A
］
unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.

［
B
］
happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.

［
C
］
unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.

［
D
］
happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.

2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by

［
A
］
maintaining it at an average level.

［
B
］
escaping miserable occurrences in life.

［
C
］

pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.

［
D
］
realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.

3. The phrase “To date” can be best replaced by

［
A
］
As a result.
［
B
］
In addition.
［
C
］
At present.
［
D
］
Until now.

4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?

［
A
］
One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.

［
B
］
They are independent but existing concurrently

［
C
］
One feels happy by participating in more activities.

［
D
］
They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.

5. The sentence “That’s that” (Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born
to be sad

［
A
］
and the situation cannot be altered.

［
B
］
and happiness remains inaccessible.

［
C
］

but they don’t think much about it.

［
D
］
but they remain unconscious of it.

Text 2



The
legal
limit
for
driving
after
drinking
alcohol
is
80
milligrams
of
alcohol
in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how
much
you
can
drink
before
you
reach
this
limit.
It
varies
with
each
person
depending
on your weight, your sex, if you’ve just eaten and what sort of drinks you’ve
had. Some people might reach their limit after only about three standard drinks.



In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one or two drinks. Even
if you’re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police
officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.



It takes about an hour for the body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard
drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your
driving ability is still affected the next morning, or you could even find that
you’re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you’ve had a few drinks at
lunchtime, another one or two drinks in the early evening may well put you over
the legal limit.



In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had,
the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a set of
movable posts... and the less able they were to do it!

So the only way to be sure you’re safe is not to drink at all.



Alcohol
is
a
major
cause
of
road
traffic
accidents.
One
in
three
of
the
drivers
killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit,
and
road accidents
after drinking are
the biggest
cause of death
among young men.
More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a
blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.



It
is
important
to
remember
that
driv
ing
after
you’ve
been
drinking
doesn’t
just
affect
you.
If
you’re
involved
in
an
accident
it
affects
a
lot
of
other
people
as well, not least the person you might kill or injure.

6. The amount of alcohol a driver can drink within the legal limit is

［
A
］
about 80mg of pure alcohol.

［
B
］
about three standard drinks.

［
C
］
in proportion to his weight.

［
D
］
varying with different people.

7. You might be accused of drunk driving when

［
A
］
you drive upon having some drinks.

［
B
］
you become a helpless alcohol addict.

［
C
］
your driving is found abnormal for drinking.

［
D
］
your alcohol percentage fails the test.

8. A test showed that drunken professional drivers could

［
A
］
have greater confidence than sober ones.

［
B
］
move away a set of posts on the test ground.

［
C
］
fail in the test despite their self-affirmation.

［
D
］
serve as alarming examples to potential drivers.

9. Alcohol is the major cause of traffic accidents because

［
A
］
more than 30% road casualties are drink drivers.

［
B
］

drinking affects people’s mind and emotion.

［
C
］
about one-third drivers are used to drinking.

［
D
］
young drivers are familiar among traffic victims.

10. About drink driving, the author warns you of the fact that you

［
A
］
may be taken to court by the police.

［
B
］
are putting yourself in danger.

［
C
］
may hurt or kill another driver.

［
D
］
are setting other people at risk.

Text 3



There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with
one
another.
Three
basic
ways
may
be
described
as
the
market
system,
the
administered system, and the traditional system.



In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each
other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic
units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transaction may take place via
barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles,
shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who
wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy
task.
Hence,
the
introduction
of
money
as a
medium
of
exchange
eases
transactions
considerably.
In
the
modern
market
economy,
goods
and
services
are
bought
or
sold
for money.



An
alternative
for
the
market
system
is
administrative
control
by
some
agency
over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts (orders) or commands as to
how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by
each
economic
unit.
Central
planning
may
be
one
way
of
administering
such
an
economy.
The
central plan,
drawn
up by
the government,
shows
the amounts of
each commodity
produced
by
the
various
firms
and
allocated
to
different
households
for
consumption.
This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange
for the whole economy.



In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed
by
tradition;
every
person’s
place
within
the
economic
system
is
fixed
by
parentage(origin), religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of
tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste(social class) may
have
an obligation
to
care for
other
persons, provide them
with food and
shelter,
care
for
their
health,
and
provide
for
their
education.
Clearly,
in
a
system
where
every
decision is
made
on the
basis
of tradition alone,
progress may be
difficult
to achieve. A stagnant (unchanging) society may result.

11. The main purpose of the text is to

［
A
］
interpret the essence of general economics.

［
B
］
compare barter and cash- exchange markets.

［
C
］
outline contrasting types of economic systems.

［
D
］
argue for the superiority of a certain economy.

12. The word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by

［
A
］
genuine.
［
B
］
concrete.
［
C
］
durable.
［
D
］
practical.

13. According to the text, a barter economy may lead to

［
A
］
unfair transaction.
［
B
］
direct conflicts.

［
C
］
gradual deflation.
［
D
］
trading troubles.

14. In an administered system, business activities are under the direction of

［
A
］
major economic organizations.
［
B
］
general public advisory body.

［
C
］
large commercial companies.
［
D
］
certain official departments.

15. All of the following are mentioned as factors determining one’s place in a
traditional society EXCEPT

［
A
］
family background.
［
B
］
age and education.

［
C
］
religious beliefs.
［
D
］
established experience.

Text 4



It’s
possible
that
while

you
are
at
work,
you
may
dream
about
a
month
of
Sundays,
but
your boss
wishes for
a week
of Tuesday.
That’s because she/he probably knows
that
productivity
is
one
of
the
main
factors
bolstering
(supporting)
a
company’s
growth. And a recent poll shows that workers are most productive on Tuesdays!



Accountemps, an employment agency, conducted a national survey of office
managers,
which
shows
that
by
the
middle
of
the
week,
they
see
a
dramatic
productivity
decrease.
While
Monday
is
considered
second
in
“prod
uctivity
value,”
only
nine
percent
of
office
managers
think
Wednesday
is
the
peak
productivity day. Five percent believe it is Thursday. And Friday, well, you can
just
imagine!
However,
forty-eight
percent
of
the
managers
polled
said
that
Tuesday
is, by far, the most productive day of the week.



A close analysis of workweek rhythms would turn up some obvious reasons for
those survey results. First of all, Monday is overloaded with meetings, designed
to “get things moving,” and everybody knows meetings aren’t very productive.
Wednesday
is
“hump
day”(驼峰日
)
?D
get
over
it
as
painlessly
as
possible,
a
worker
thinks, and the week is more than halfway over. On Thursday, people are running
out of steam; and Friday, everybody’s thinking about the weekend. There are
reasons why the other days aren’t productive, but what makes Tuesday special?



Tuesdays, employees hit peak performance because they are very focused on
day-to-
day
activities.
Also,
it’s
usually
the
first
day
of
the
week
when
they’re
focused
on
their
own
task.
They’re
not
in
meetings
that
take
them
away
from
their
primary
responsibilities.
Actually,
Tuesdays
can
be
quite
hectic
(full
of
excitement
and
without
rest).
Workers
are
arriving
at
work
fairly
frantic
(wildly
excited). And so, in 10 hours, they’re
doing 20-
hour work. That’s productive,
but it’s also tough.



This
does
not
mean
that
nothing
happens
on
the
last
three
days
of
the
workweek.
Things
do
not
get
so
lax
that
people
are
sitting
with
their
feet
on
desks,
sipping
coffee and talking on the phone
all day, but there’s a definite lack of focus.
The pace softens and the rhythm slows down. And this is not healthy: it produces
fatigue
and
lowers
productivity.
To
prevent
this
midweek
slowdown,
some
management
consultants suggest that employers avoid jamming so many meetings into Mondays.
Work deadlines can be rescheduled to stretch out the workflow. Variations in
productivity
are only natural,
but both
workers and bosses win when the peaks
and
valleys are less dramatic than they are now.

16. According to the poll, which of the following days is most productive?

［
A
］
Thursday.
［
B
］
Friday.
［
C
］
Monday.
［
D
］
Wednesday.

17. The peak productivity day of the week is marked by

［
A
］
violent excitement and activity.

［
B
］
due enthusiasm and creativity.

［
C
］
hurried and disordered movement.

［
D
］
full concentration and efficiency.

18. The word “lax” in the last paragraph means

［
A
］
usually negligible.
［
B
］
lacking in control.

［
C
］
totally distractive.
［
D
］
worthy of relaxing.

19. With respect to the changes in productivity, the text suggests that

［
A
］
work deadlines can be readjusted.

［
B
］
they are reasonable and expectable.

［
C
］
Monday meetings may be called off.

［
D
］
their differences are to be minimized.

20. The author has explained all of the following EXCEPT

［
A
］
the steps taken to alter workweek rhythms.

［
B
］
the productivity on the 6th day of the week.

［
C
］
the reason why midweek slowdown takes place.

［
D
］
the concern bosses have about low productivity.

Part B

Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about marketing
strategies.
Choose
the
most
suitable
heading
from
the
list
A
?D
F
for
each
numbered
paragraph (21 ?D 25). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.
There
is
one
extra
heading
which
you
do
not
need
to
use.
Mark
your
answers
on
ANSWER
SHEET 1
. (10 points)

［
A
］
Which marketing tactic must an entity take?

［
B
］
Quality first, competition second

［
C
］
Exemplify offensive measures

［
D
］
Complex factors cause due market analysis

［
E
］
The motive for proceeds also functions

［
F
］
Strategy varies with external conditions

There are three general marketing strategies that an organization can adopt.

first is an aggressive strategy, characterized by generating a great deal of
promotion,
varying
prices,
changing
the
times
and
places
at
which
the
products/services are offered, differentiating the products/services from those
of
competing
organizations,
hiring
creative
salespersons
to
promote
the
products/services, spending lots of money on marketing activities, and so forth.

second general marketing strategy is a minimal one, characterized by doing very
little promotion, pricing below market, offering services at traditional places
and
times,
spending
very
little
money
on
promotion
and
salespersons,
and
so
forth.
The third is a balanced marketing strategy, an in-between strategy that differs
from an aggressive strategy and a minimal strategy only in degree. These three
strategies are appropriate alternatives
for any organization. However, not every
organization needs an aggressive strategy, nor does every organization need a
balanced
strategy
or
a
minimal
one.
The
situation
facing
each
entity
is
obviously
different,
calling for an
analysis of
the factors that dictate which of the
three
alternative strategies is most suitable for each organization.

first
major
factor
is
the
nature
of
the
market
competition
facing
the
organization.
If it is in a monopoly position, with no direct competitors in its market area,
then a minimal marketing strategy is suitable. However, if the organization is
in an oligopoly market position, with a few competitors in its market area, then
a
balanced
marketing
strategy
is
called
for.
If
there
is
a
high
degree
of
competition
and
several
competing
products/services
in
its
market
area,
this
would
suggest an aggressive marketing strategy. Further, if there are many other forms
of
indirect
competition,
then
the
organization
should
pursue
a
balanced
marketing
strategy.

second major factor is the quality of the products/services offered. If the
organization
has
high-quality
products/services,
a
minimal
marketing
strategy
is
called for, other factors being equal. If it is in a weak market position with
low- quality products/services, a minimal marketing strategy should be pursued.
If the products/services are of medium quality, this would suggest a balanced
strategy.

third
major
factor
is
the
revenue
strategies
that
the
managers
may
desire
to
pursue.
For example, if the managers want to maximize the organization’s revenues from
its
products’
services,
then
the
organization
should
ado
pt
an
aggressive
marketing strategy. If it wants to minimize revenues, then it should pursue a
minimal strategy. However, if it wants to balance its revenues? D not maximizing
and not minimizing ?D then a balanced marketing strategy is called for. These
factors
may be
summarized
and put
into decision
model
for an administrator
to use
in
deciding
which
general
marketing
strategy
his/her
organization
should
use.
Once
the strengths and weaknesses are weighted for each factor, an overall evaluation
can be completed, allowing the administrator to arrive at an overall decision ?D
that is ,whether to follow an aggressive, balanced, or minimal general marketing
strategy.

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then
translate the underlined
segments
into
Chinese.

Your
translation
should
be
written
clearly
on
ANSWER
SHEET
2.(10 points)



Not
long
ago,
technology
in
the
home
was
carved
up
into
well-defined
territories: The PC ?D care of Microsoft, Intel, Dell, and the like ?D presided
over the home office. The television and stereo were king and queen of the living
room. These days, though, the digital revolution is shaking up that comfortable
ease. (26)With the advent of MP3 music files, personal video recorders, game
machines,
digital
cameras,
and
a
h
ost
of
other
media
and
services,
it’s
no
longer
clear who controls which bit of home floor. And that has set off a battle for
dominance in home entertainment.

The
shake-up
covers
the
technology
spectrum.
Microsoft
Corp.
is
spending
billions
on
entertainment
initiatives
such
as
its
X-box
video
game
comfort.
Compaq
Computer
Corp.
and
Hewlett??Packard
Co.
sell
MP3
music
players
that
plug
into
home??stereo
systems.
Philips
Electronics
sells
a
stereo
that
hooks
into
a
high-speed
Internet
connection to play music from the Web.



Consumers
are
getting
the
message.
(27)
Sales
of
many
of
these
devices
should
take
off
this
year
and
next:
.
shipments
of
MP3
digital
music
players
for
listening
to songs downloaded from the Net are expected to jump by more than 50% this year,
to 7 million units, according to researchers International Data Corp. Sales of
personal video recorders, such as TiVo, which let you record TV shows for later
viewing, should nearly triple this year in the ., to million units.



Even high- definition television(HDTV) ?D the durable Next Big Thing ?D may
soon take off. (28) By the end of 2003, nearly 6 million U.S. homes should have
HDTV sets, and by yearend, some million American homes are expected to have
networks to tie their digital gear together, with strong growth spurred by a new
standard for wireless links called WiFi.



Call
it
the
next
big
wave
of
technology.
(29)
After
the
PC
era
and
the
Internet
Age, many consumers have grown comfortable with tech: Two- thirds of U.S. homes
own PCs today, while 60% have Internet access, according to researchers Gartner
Data-quest. To reach the rest of the market, technology companies need to build
simpler devices that offer more entertainment. (30) And these new machines need
to work together as readily as stereo components do today, and should be nearly
as easy to set up and use as a telephone or a television. That is leading to the
computerization
of
technology
over
the
next
five
to
ten
years.
The
future
is
about
MP3 players, digital video, and the like.

参考答案

Part A

Text 1: 1. A2. C3. D4. B5. A

Text 2: 6. D7. C8. C9. B10. D

Text 3: 11. C12. B13. D14. D15. B

Text 4: 16. C17. D18. B19. D20. A

Part B

21. C 22. A 23. F 24. B 25. E

Part C

26.
随着
MP3
音乐文档、个人录像机 、游戏机、数码照相机及许多其它媒体和服务器的问
世，究竟谁会占据家庭中的哪块地盘，就很难说了。

27.
今明两年，这些电器中许多产品的销售量会急剧上升，据国际数据公司的研 究人员估
计，能收听从网上下载歌曲的
MP3
数码音乐播放机，美国今年出货预计跃升
50%
以上，达
到
700
万套。

28.
到
2003
年末，近
600
万美国家庭拥有高清晰电视机，而到年终，随着 称作
WiFi
的无
线连接新技术标准所激发的迅猛发展，预计约有
770< br>万美国家庭用网络系统把他们的数码
装置联成一体。

29.
许多消 费者在经历过个人电脑时代和互联网时代之后，对新技术业已应付自如；据
Gartner
数据 调查公司的研究人员统计，现在
2/3
的美国家庭拥有个人电脑，而
60%
的 家
庭有互联网接口。

30.
而且，这些新机器需要像现在的立体音响部件 那样容易地组合起来运行，同时它们还
应该几乎像电话机或电视机一样容易安装和使用。

答案解析
Unit 1

Part A
Text 1

【文章大意与结构】



本文讨论了幸福感与不幸福感话题。作者 第一、二段指出幸福与不幸福实际上并非同
一情感的两个方面，
它们互为共存，
各自增 减，
两者之间没有多少关系；
第三至五段提到，
不幸福的遗传禀性可能存在于某些家庭 ，而幸福感则主要靠后天培养，幸福感是一种主观
感受，天生感到不幸福的人也可通过自己的努力增加幸 福感。



本文在结构上的显着特点是各段中间均使用转折词“but”或 “however”，前半段的
叙述作为铺垫，后半段引出作者要表述的观点。

【试题解析】

1.
判断题。本题可定位于第
3
段第3
句：研究表明不幸福的遗传禀性可能存在于某些家
庭。再参考第
4
句： 幸福似乎与遗传无关。由此可以判断[A]“不幸福与其是受环境影响，
不如说是遗传的”正确。

[B]“幸福与不幸福互为条件”，与第
1
段最后
1
句相悖；[ C]“不幸福受外部因素而不是
内部因素影响”，与
A
项相反，错误；[D]“幸福是 一种不可控的主观感受”错误，幸福
是主观感受（第
4
段第
1
句）< br>，但并非“uncontrollable”，它可以培养（第
3
段最后一
句）
。

2.
细节题。本题题干中的要点是“one can achieve happiness by...”，在原文中有两
处对此进行了回答，一是

3段最后一句“获得快乐的能力主要是自己培养的”，另一处是第
5
段最后一句“你可以通过自己的行为增加幸福”。由此判断
C
项正确。

[A]“保持一般的 幸福程度”、[B]“逃避生活中恼人的事情”、[D]“认识到它与不幸福
共存”均不正确。

3.
词义题。该题可从两方面着手，一是看前后句意，前一句“他们也开始发现谁幸福谁不幸福及其原因”、后一句“研究尚未找到幸福生活的简单定律，但业已发现某些行为和
态度似乎会 使人们更接近最渴望的那种情感”；另一是注意下文使用的是现在完成时。
D
项“迄今为止”， 符合语境需要，也正是原文“to date”的意义。

［
A
］“结果”、
［
B
］“此外”、
［
C
］“目前”不对。

4.
态度题。题干的主要信息是作者对幸福和不幸福的看法。做题依据在第
1
段最后一句
“他们是两种不同的情感，互为共存，各自增减”，[B]“他们各自独立又同时存在”正
确。

[A]“人们因为出身贫寒而感到不幸福”，不符合原文；[C]“人们参加更 多的活动而感到
幸福”曲解了人们后天如何获得幸福；[D]“它们是人类采取的行为和态度”，该项有 一
定的干扰性，文中第
4
段最后一句是说“某些行为和态度似乎会使人们更接近最渴望 的那
种情感”，行为和态度本身并非幸福或不幸福。

5.
句义题。该句的理解需依托前半句“然而，这并不意味着有些人生来就忧伤”，“and
that??s that”是对前文在语气上的进一步肯定，因此可理解为“就是这样、就这么回事”，对应四个选项，只有[A]“情况难以改变”最符合该意思。

[B]“幸福难以获得”、[C]“但他们对此考虑不多”、[D]“但他们对此没有意识”。

【词汇提示】

① common sense 常识，
（根据经验的）判断力

② vice versa 反之亦然

③ back up 支持；后退；
（使）拥塞

④ predisposi
tion
倾向，禀性

⑤ heritage 继承物；遗产；传统

【难句分析】

1) The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much
like
love
and
hate
in
a
close
relationship
may
offer
valuable
clues
on
how
to
lead
a happier life.
幸福和不幸福好比爱和恨一样可以亲密相处，这种认识可能对如何过一< br>种较幸福的生活提供有益的启示。

本句中“that
feelings
of...in
a
close
relationship”是同位语从句，
修饰先行词“the
recognition”；“offer valuable clues on”解释为“对……提供有价值的线索”。

2) That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate
that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families.
那
种看法得到了大量系列研究的佐证，这些研究表明不幸福的遗传禀性可能存在于某些家
庭。
本句“which...in certain families”作定语从句，在定语从句中又有“that...in
certain families”宾语从句。

3) When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections
better than when we are feeling sad.
我们在幸福时比在忧伤时对他人更敏感并保持
更好的关系。

本句是比较结构句型，比较对象是两个分别由“when”引导的时间状语从句。

Text 2

【文章大意与结构】



本文讨 论了酒后驾车问题。第一段提到，酒后驾车的法律限制是测试时每
100
毫升血
液中< br>80
毫克酒精，但是喝多少酒会达到这种限制因人而异。第二、三段进一步阐述驾驶
能力 会受到酒精的影响。第四至七段作者引用事例进一步说明以上观点，并指出，酒后驾
车不但影响驾驶者本 人，还会影响他人。

本文句子结构相对简单，没有超纲生词。

【试题解析】

6.
细节题。题干的意思是“在法律限制内驾驶员可以喝多 少酒”，该话题在第
1
段提到，
依据第
3
句，可以判断答案为[D] “因人而异”。

[A]“大约
80
毫克纯酒精”，本选项具有干扰性，可以 定位到第
1
段第
1
句，原文说“每
100
毫升血液中
80
毫克酒精”，
A
项表述不对；[B]“大约三标准杯”，第
1
段最后一句
提到，但说的是“有些人”；[C]“与体重成正比”，可查读第
1
段第< br>3
句，该句只是说
体重是考虑的一个因素。

7.
细节题。
题干信息“你可能会被指控醉酒驾驶”是对第
2
段第
2
句中“you
could
still
be
taken
to
court”的同义改写，做题依据应该是该句的后半部分“if
a
police
officer
thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol”（如果警官认为酒精已对你的驾
驶产生影响）
，由 此判断[C]“你被发现酒后不正常驾驶”正确。

[A]“你喝酒后驾车”错误，因为并非喝 酒就驾车不正常；[B]“你成为一个不可救药的酒
鬼”、[D]“你的酒精测试不过关”与原文不符。

8.
句义题。本题顺着题干关键词“professional drivers ”，较容易在文章第
4
段定位
答题点。正确理解了本句也就找到了本题的答案（本句译 文参见
[
难句分析
]
）
，[C]“尽管
自信也不能通过测试 ”正确。

[A]“比清醒者有更多的自信”、[B]“移除了考场的一组桩柱”、[D]“对 潜在醉酒驾驶
者起着警示作用”均不符合该句句义。

9.
细节题。本题问 “为什么酒精是交通事故的主要原因”。文中多处提到喝酒会影响
“driving ability”，显然本题应该选[B]“饮酒影响人们的思想和感情”。

[A]“超过< br>30%
的道路事故死伤者是酒后驾驶者”并不是题目所问的原因；[C]“大约三分
之一 驾驶员酗酒”，不能得出该结论；[D]“道路事故受害者中常见年轻驾驶员”不能作
为原因来解释题干 的前半部分。

10.
判断题。题干的意思是：关于酒后驾车，作者告诫了什么。本 题可定位于文章最后一
段。该段大意：酒后驾车不单单影响你本人，如果发生事故还会影响其他许多人， 尤其是
你可能撞死或撞伤的那个人。根据一般语法知识，我们知道作者的强调点在后半句。由此
判断[D]“使别人处于危险之中”正确。

[A]“可能受到警察的起诉”、[B]“使自己 处于危险中”、
[C
]“可能使另一名驾驶员受
伤或丧命”均不符合最后一段的意思< br>
【词汇提示】

① breath test 呼气测醉试验

② concentration 浓度；集中

③ not least 尤其，特别；部分地；相当重要地

【难句分析】

1) It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, if you’ve just
eaten and what sort of drinks you’ve had. 这因人而异，取决于你的体重、性别、
你是否刚吃过东西以及你喝了什么样的酒。

本句主句是“It varies with each person”，“depending on...you’ve had”为分词
词组作状语，在该词组中，包含有四个并列的介词宾语或宾语从句。

2) In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had,
the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a set of
moveable posts...and the less able they were to do it!
在一次对专职驾驶员的测试< br>中，他们酒喝得越多，就越肯定自己能开过一组移动的桩柱，在测试课程中过关……但通
过的可能 性越小。

本句虽长，但结构并不复杂，把握住“the more...the more...and the less...”句型，
也就把握了整句的框架。

3) One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol
which
are over
the legal limit,
and
road accidents after
drinking are the
biggest
cause of death among young men.
丧命于道路事故的驾 驶员中，三分之一酒精含量超
过法律限制，酒后道路事故是年轻人死亡的最大原因。

“one in three”解释为“三分之一”；“killed in road accidents”为过去分词词组
作“drivers”的后置定语；“over the legal limit”意为“超过法律限制”。

Text 3

【文章大意与结构】



本文介绍了三种基本的经济形态，即市场 体制、管理体制和传统体制。作者在第二至
四段分别简述了三种经济体制。在市场体制下单个经济单位可 以在市场上相互间自由地发
挥作用；管理体制则是由某一机构对所有交易实行管控；在传统体制下，生产 和消费模式
由传统控制。

本文结构比较清晰，第一段是概述，二至四段为分述，词汇难易适中。

【试题解析】

11.
主旨题。要求确定这篇文章的目的。本文第
1
段交代了全文的主旨，就是介绍三种基
本的经济形态：市场体制、管理体制和传统体制。再参 考第
2
、
3
、
4
各段的首句，可确定
答案应该是[ C]“概述不同的经济体制”。

[A]“解释经济学的本质”、[B]“比较以货易货和货币 交换市场”、[D]“主张某种经济
的优势”均不能概括本文大意。

12.
词汇题。对该类题目必须结合语境加以判断。该词所在句子的大体意思：在以货易货
的经济体制中，像 汽车、鞋子、比萨这样的货物互相交换。结合四个选项[A]“真正的”、
[B]“具体的”、[C]“ 耐用的，耐久的”、[D]“实用的，实际的”，
B
项最符合逻辑。

C项和
D
项不能同时与举例中的三类货物搭配使用；
A
项在此也不妥。另外 ，从常见技巧
判断，词汇题中最基本词义一般不会是答案。

13.
细节题。题干中的关键词是“barter economy”，查读原文后，可以定位于第
2
段第
4
句和第
5
句，原文中“may not always be an easy task（可能并不总是一件容易的事
情）”，在四个选项中对应[D]“（可能导致 ）交换麻烦”。

[A]“不公平交易”、[B]“直接冲突”、[C]“逐渐通货紧缩”，原文未提及。

14.
细节题。题干中的关键词是“administered system”，在原文中 较容易定位于第
3
段
第
1
句
，
其
主
要
部
分
是
“administrative
control
by
some
agency
over
all
tr ansactions
（某一机构对所有交易的管控）”，这里的“某一机构”，在本段第
4< br>句具
体为“the government”，由此判断[D]“某些官方部门”正确。

[A]“主要经济组织”、[B]“一般公共咨询机构”、[C]“大型商业公司”均不正确。

15.
判断题。本题要求在四个选项中排除一个错误内容。这类题一般需反着做，即判断哪< br>三个选项是正确的，并找到依据。题干中的关键词“one??s place in a traditional
society”对应于最后一段第
1
句：“every person??s place within the economic
system”，其后的“is fixed by parentage (origin), religion, and custom.”就是
本题的
定位
点：
“pa rentage
（出
身）
”
对
应
[A]“
家庭背景
”、“religion”
对
应
[C]“religious
beliefs（宗教信仰）”、“custom”对应[D]“established
experience
（习俗）”，只有[B]“年龄和教育”未提及，是答案。

【词汇提示】

① barter 以货易货

② edicts 法令；命令

③ allocate 分配；分派

④ parentage 出身；起源

⑤ caste 社会阶层；等级

⑥ stagnant 停滞的；不流动的

【难句分析】

1) This agency will issue edicts (orders) or commands as to how much of each good
and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit.
对每一种商品和服务每个经济单位应该生产多少、交换多少、消费多少，这个机构将颁布< br>法令或命令。

本句主要部分是“This agency will issue edicts (orders) or commands”，“as to”
与后面的介词宾语从句一起作后置定语，修饰“edicts (orders) or commands”。

2)
The
central
plan,
drawn
up
by
the
government,
shows
the
amounts
of
each
commodity
produced
by
the
various
firms
and
allocated
to
different
households
for
consumption.
政府制订的中央计划标明每种商品不同企业生产多少以及不同家庭分配多少用于消费。

“drawn up by the government”是过去分词词组作定语，修饰“central

plan”；
“produced
by...”与“allocated
to...”一起作后置定语，修饰“the
amounts
of
each
commodity”。

3)
People
belonging
to
a
certain
group
or
caste
(social
class)
may
have
an
obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care
for their health, and provide for their education.
属于某一团体或社会阶层的人
可能有义务关照他人、为他们提供食宿、 照料他们的健康并给他们提供教育。

本句虽然较长，但结构并不复杂，“belonging to a certain group or caste (social
class)”现在分词词组作后置定语修饰“people”；“have..., provide..., care...,
provide...”为四个并列谓语。

Text 4

【文章大意与结构】



本文讨 论了一周中员工工作效率的问题。
文章第一段指出，
调查表明，
周二效率最高，
其次是周一，从一周的中段开始，效率显着下降。作者在第二段分析了各工作日效率差异
的原因。文章 在第三段提出了解决这一问题的措施。



本文在内容结构上，先提出问题 ，然后分析原因，最后给出解决问题的方法，层次清
楚。

【试题解析】

16.
判断题。要求判断哪一天最有效率。本题可定位于第
1
段，该段第< br>3
句说周二最有效
率；
第
5
句又说其次是周一。
题目 四个选项中没有周二这一时间，
当然只有[C]“星期一”
在四个选项中是最有效率的，
C
项正确。

17.
细节题。本题定位于第
2
段后半部 分，文章在此讨论了为什么星期二员工的工作表现
会达到顶峰
（
employees
hit
peak
performance
）
。
该段第< br>6
、
7
句作者分别使用了“focus”
一词解释了部分原因，
在本段倒数第
2
句作者写道“in
10
hours,
they’re
doing
20
hours
work”，说明了员工的工作效率。由此可判断[D]“全神贯注和效率”符合文章意思。

[A]“极度兴奋和忙碌”在第
2
段倒数第
4
句似乎也可找到对应词 “hectic”，但它不是
高效率的典型特征；[B]“适当的热情和创造性”，文章并未强调创造性 ；[C]“匆忙无序
的活动”，显然不正确

18.
词汇题。“lax”一 词必须结合语境作出判断，该句大意：事情并未如此，员工们整
天闲坐着，脚跷办公桌，品抿咖啡，煲电 话粥，但的的确确缺乏专注。由此推测，[B]“失
去控制”符合语境。

[A]“通 常无关紧要的”、[C]“完全使人分散精力的”、[D]“值得放松的”均不正确。

19.
句义题。本题实际是对文章最后一句的句义理解。题干的关键词“changes in
productivity”是对最后一句“variations in productivity”的改写，该句后半句
“both workers and bosses win when the peaks and valleys are less dramatic than
they are now (
当高峰和低谷不像现在这样强烈时，员工和老板就会 双赢)”正是文章提
出的办法。综观四个选项，[D]“它们的差别应该被减小”符合本句意思。

[A]“工作最后期限可以重新调整”、[B]“它们是合理的可以预期的”、[C]“周一的会< br>议可以取消”均非本句之意。

20.
判断题。题目问“作者没有解释哪一项 ”。这类题有一定难度，需要研判所有选项并
且在文中找到相关依据。[A]“改变工作节奏采取的措施 ”，虽然在文章最后一项第
3
句
提到，但那是“some management consultants”的话，所以是答案。

[B]“一周第六天的工作效率”，
即星期五的工作效率，
文章多处有提及或有暗示；
[C]“一
星期的中段工作效率减慢 的原因”，文章第
2
段第
3
、
4
句有叙述；[D]“老板对 低工作效
率的关注”，第
1
段最后几句引用了对经理的调查数据，可充分说明老板对这 个问题的关
注。



【词汇提示】



① bolster 支持，支撑



② poll 对……进行民意测验



③ hectic 忙乱的，忙碌不停的



④ frantic （因痛苦、悲哀或快乐等）发狂似的



⑤ sip 抿，小口地喝



【难句分析】



1) It’s possible that while you are at work, you may dream about a month of
Sundays, but your boss wishes for a week of Tuesday.
在你上班时，你可能梦想着
每个月都是星期天，可你的老板则希望每周都是星期二。



本句由
that
引导主语从句，在主语从句中，包含
b ut
连接的两个并列句，其中第
1
个并列句中又含有“while you are at work”作时间状语。



2) However, forty-eight percent of the managers polled said that Tuesday is,
by far, the most productive day of the week.
然而，百分之四十八的接受调查的经
理说星期二是一周中最有效率的一天。



“polled”作后置定语修饰“managers”；“by far”解释为“……得多，远远地，
大大地”，修饰形容词的比较级或最高级。



3)
First
of
all, Monday
is
overloaded with
meetings,
designed
to
“get
things
moving,” and everybody knows meetings aren’t very productive. 首先，星期一有
过多的会议，目的在于“让事情动起来”，大家都知道会议并不富有成效。



“overload”
意
为
“
使
超< br>载
，
装
填
……
过
满
”
；
“ designed
to
‘get
things
moving,’”过去分词词组作定语，修饰“meetings”。



4)
To
prevent
this
midweek
slowdown,
some
management
consultants
suggest
that
employers avoid jamming so many meetings into Mondays.
为 防止这种周中开始的松
弛，有些管理顾问建议雇主应避免把这么多的会议塞进星期一。



动词不定式表示目的状语，
that
引导宾语从句，
a void
后接动名词作宾语。



Part B



【文章大意与结构】



本文讨论了三种常 见的营销策略。第一段是概述，第二、三段作者分别介绍了积极主
动策略（
aggressiv e strategy
）
、最低限度营销策略（
minimal strategy
）和平衡营销策
略（
balanced marketing st rategy
）
，但各组织机构采用哪种营销策略需具体情况具体分
析。文章第四至六 段分析了影响营销策略决策的三种主要因素。



本文各段开头的序数词有助于理解文章结构。



【试题解析】



21.
答案
[C]
。本题需要将文章第
1
段和本段第
1
句联系起来判断，在第
1
段中作者
概述了三种常见的营销策略，本段第
1
句实际是对上文的具体展开，因此［
C
］“举例说
明进攻策略”符合本段大意。



22.
答案
[A]
。本题所在的第
3
段在第
2< br>段的基础上讨论了另外两种营销策略。本段
最后一句说：
各机构实体情况明显不同，采用哪种策略需要分析各种因素。
在几个选项中，
只有[A]“某个实体该采用什么样的策 略？”最合适。



23.
答案
[F]
。该段 主题句显然是第
1
句：第一个重要因素是机构实体所面临的市场
竞争的性质。本段指出 ，机构实体面对不同的市场竞争应采取不同的策略，“市场竞争”
应该理解为机构实体所处的外部条件。 本题[F]“策略随着外部条件的变化而变化”正确。



24.
答案
[B]
。本段主题句是第
1
句：第二个重要因素是所提供的产品或服务 的质量。
作者阐述了什么样质量的产品或服务该采用什么样的营销策略。由此可以判断，应该坚持
以质量为先的决策原则。[B]“质量第一，竞争第二”符合段意。



25.
答案
[E]
。本题也只需抓住本段第
1
句主题句： 第三个重要因素是经理希望施行
的收益策略。该句与
[E
]“收益动机也起着作用”意 思相似，在该选项中，“motive”对
应主题句的“desire”，“proceeds”与“r evenue”相一致。



【词汇提示】



① differentiate 使有差别；区别



② in
-between
中间性的



③ entity 实体，统一体



④ dictate 支配，强制规定；命令



⑤ monopoly 垄断，专卖



⑥ oligopoly 寡头卖主垄断



【难句分析】



1) The first is an aggressive strategy, characterized by generating a great
deal of promotion, varying prices, changing the times and places at which the
products/
services
are
offered,
differentiating
the
products/
services
from
those
of
competing
organizations,
hiring
creative
salespersons
to
promote
the
products/
services, spending lots of money on marketing activities, and so forth. 第一种
是积极进取策略，其特点是大量促销、变更价格、改变所供产品或服务的时间和地点、使产品或服务有别于竞争对手、雇佣有创新意识的销售人员推销产品或服务、花巨资进行营
销活动，等 等。



本
句主干
部分是
“The first is an aggressive strategy”
；“characterized
by...”
是过
去
分词
词组作
后置定
语；
“ge nerating..., varying..., changing...,
differentiating...,
hiring...,
spending...”是并列的动名词作介词
by
的宾语；“at
which
the
products/
services
are
offered”
是
定
语
从
句
，
修
饰
“the
times
and
places”。



2) The third is a balanced marketing strategy, an in-between strategy that
differs from an aggressive strategy and a minimal strategy only in degree. 第
三种是平衡营销策略，也是中庸策略，它只是在程度上有别于积极进取策略和最低限度营
销策略。



本句中“in? between strategy”与前面的“balanced marketing strategy”是同

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