-爱眼护眼小常识

2021年1月23日发(作者：马桑树儿搭灯台)
【英语】高考英语阅读理解真题汇编
(
含答案
)
含解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解

Festivals in Wales this spring

There's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all
things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.

Wrexham, 10-12 May

The annual festival showcases over 200 acts consisting of music, comedy, film and more. Since
its opening event in 2011, Focus Wales has done a lot for emerging
（新兴的）
musicians across
the
country,
and 2018
sees
Welsh
Music
Prize
winner
The Gentle Good
and
Y
Selar
Best Band
winners. Candelas, take the stage.

Aberystwyth, 19-29 May

Whether you prefer Hill Climbs or Sportives, the AberCycle Festival allows you to take all of it in
from the saddle
（鞍）
of a bike, enjoying the world's most beautiful scenery. However, all work
and no play makes us all dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or
two of the plenty of pubs in Aber
（
as the locals call it
）
for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll
need it after all that cycling!

Hay on Wye, 25-28 May

The world's biggest music and philosophy festival returns in 2018 with its unique mix of tunes,
talks
and
trapeze
（吊杠）（
yes,
there
are
even
circus
performers!
）

Based
in
the
magical
surroundings of Hay on Wye, this four day festival takes place at the end of May and is perfect for
everyone
who
likes
a
side
of
intellectualism
（理智主义）
with
their
traditional
festival
experience.

Lawrenny, 25-28 May

In late May in the heart of the Pembrokeshire National Park, the Big Retreat Wales takes place.
Essentially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. Join in this May for
four
days
of
“fed
good”,
leaving
your
usual
routine
behind
and
diving
into
a
delightful
mix
of
workshops, activities, music and sustainable food produce.

（
1
）
The festivals in Wales are held annually .

A. in early May B. inside and outside of Wales

C. in rainy or sunny weather D. for locals only

（
2
）
What is special about Aberystwyth, 19-29 May?

A. You can find a place to relax after the activity.
B. You can meet your favorite band winners.

C. It has an atmosphere of natural beauty and tradition.
D. It doesn't last long enough.

（
3
）
Jane is an office worker and fitness enthusiast and wants to experience something unusual.
Which festival do you suggest she go to?

A. Wrexham, 10-12 May
B. Aberystwyth, 19-29 May

C. Hay on Wye, 25-28 May
D. Lawrenny, 25-28 May

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了了今年春天的威尔士节日时能看到的， 做的
和体验至的项目。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“There's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring.
And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come
rain
or
shine.”
可知，威尔士节日不论是雨天还是晴天，都 会举行。其中的
shine
为意为
“
好
天气
”
与< br>sunny
是同义词，
rainy
是
rain
的形容词。故选
C
。

(2)
考查推理判断。根据
Aberystwyth,
19-29
May
部分中的
“all
work
and
no
play
makes
us
all
dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs
in
Aber
（
as
the
locals
call
it
）
for
a
nice,
cold
pint
of
Brains
beer.
You'll
need
it
after
all
that
cyc ling!”
可知，当你在镇里时，去到酒吧内喝点冰凉的啤酒很流行。骑自行车之后你需要
它 ！由此可推断出，活动之后你可以去酒吧喝酒休息，即活动后有地方休息的。故选
A
。

(3)
考查推理判断。根据
Lawrenny,
25-28
May
部分中的
“…Essentially
the
festival
is
about
wellness, but it's also so much more than that. …, leaving your usual routine behind …”
这个节日
本质上就是关于健康健身的，但它 不仅仅如此。你可以丢掉你的日常惯例，加入
…
。由此
可知，这个节日的目的就是如果 你热爱健身，想体验不同寻常的东西，就可以来这儿。分
析选项可知
D
项符合题意。故 选
D
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇 广告类阅读，考生准
确掌握细节信息的同时，需根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。



2
．
Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage
you have just read.

Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising.
You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.


Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise but it is important that your heart rate is not
too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while
exercising. This will
ensure that
you
are
exercising
at
a
level
that
is
safe
and
effective
for your
body.

The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart
rate for selected ages. Here are the steps for using the chart:



（
1
）
Which of the following is TRUE?

se intensity can be reflected by a person's heart rate.

faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.

us exercise will definitely present a threat to people's safety.

target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90
–
149 BPM.

（
2
）
A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40.

His fitness coach had better tell him _____________.

A.

B.

C.

D.

（
3
）
What is the purpose of this passage?

advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.

inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under.

tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.

show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，介绍了如何给自己把脉以及用两个表格向人们展示
如何测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段
“Taking
your
pulse
during
physical
activity
allows
you
to
measure how hard you are exercising. You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.”
及表格上的数 据可知，一个人的心率可以反映运动强度。故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据表格中给的测量心率的方法可知，此人的每分钟的心率是
40*4=1 60
，结合数据表格，年龄
34
从
35
岁那一栏可知，大于百分之< br>85
，根据图表说明可
知，属于剧烈运动，因此他的健康教练应该告诉他放慢一点。故选
C
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。文章通过告诉读者 如何给自己把脉以及用两个表格向人们展示如何
测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。可知，文章的目的是向 人们展示如何测量心率以保持适
当的运动强度。故选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细 节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解



A
new
study
suggests
a
link
between
exposure
to
greenery
and
reduced
desires
for
alcohol
cigarette and junk food.

The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and
desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouth's School of Psychology
surveyed 149 respondents (
应答者
) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion(
比例
)of green space in
their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and
how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with
depression
and
anxiety,
as
well
as
desires
for
things
like
caffeine,
alcohol
and
nicotine.
Participants rated the intensity(
强度
), imagery, and intrusiveness(
侵扰性
) of their desires on an
11-point scale.


Researchers
found
the
presence
of
visible
green
space
contributed
to
decreased
desires
for
junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondent's
view was greenery.

Previous scholarship(
学术研究
) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of
the
University
of
Michigan
found
90-
minute
group
nature
walks
were
effective
at
combatting
depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or
don't have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree
can help fight off a bad habit.


being,
with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous
research.


A
2018
study
from
Denmark's
Aarhus
University
for
example,
found
that.
Having
access
to
green
space
throughout
childhood
decreased
a
person's
risk
of
developing
mental
health
problems as an adult.

（
1
）
What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

results of the new study.

purpose of the new study.

significance of the new study.

content of the new study.

（
2
）
What does the underlined word

ng.

ping.

tanding.

aging

（
3
）
According to the passage, the new study _____.

referred to exercise in nature

enriched the previous research to some degree

carried out by the University of Michigan

exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems

（
4
）
n which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?

ainment

ss World

&Science

nment

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果
---多看绿色植物和吃垃圾
食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的 关系：多看
绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。


（
1
）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的

“Researchers …surveye
d 149 respondents aged 21 o 65
about the proportion of green space in their n eighborhood…”
研究人员调查了年龄在
21~65
岁
之间的149
名参与者小区内的绿植比例
……
；以及
“The
study
also
asked
questions
about
experiences
with
depression
and
anxiety…”
研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题
……等可
知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选
D
。

< br>（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合
句中出现的
“relieving
other
mood
disorders(
缓解其他情绪紊乱
)”
不难推断出，

combatting
depression
应表示
“
减轻抑郁< br>”
。故选
A
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“…adds
a
new
dimension(
方面
)
to
the
previous
research”
为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研 究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究
成果。故选
B
。


（< br>4
）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章
最 有可能出现在
“
技术与科学
”
版块。故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理 ，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解

I stood in a noisy group of sixth grade students, waiting for the answer to our burning question:
What type of crazy tie would Mr. Miller be wearing today?


Our
teacher
walked
around
the
comer
with
a
GREEN
ELEPHANT
TIE
that
matched
his
large
elephant coffee cup! Oh, the satisfaction in our young hearts
—
a green elephant tie!

With his glasses a
t the tip of his nose, he greeted us cheerfully, “Good morning, folks!” He was
strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was the most dynamic teacher I had
ever met.

I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music
lessons. But when he turned on the music, my classmates and I slowly turned our heads toward
the sound of… Feter Paul and Mary singing “If I Had a Hammer”.

Snickers
（窃笑）
filled the room. If it wasn't rap or hip hop, we didn't recognize it. What were
these people singing about? My classmates were not into this at all. But for me, a girl of 12, it was
a discovery. An awakening.

Twenty years passed and now there are forty little eyes staring at my wild musical-note shirts
as I greet t
hem with a joyful, “Good morning, class!” I wonder if my students wait and wonder
what crazy music clothes I will wear each day.

I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which I received for being a dynamic teacher
And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me will carry this on
－
as I've carried on
the legacy
（遗产）
of Mr. Miller.


One
teacher,
who
dared
to
be
different
and
open
new
worlds
to
kids
like
me,
threw
the
significant stone into the pond of my life. I pray the ripples
（涟漪）
never end.

（
1
）
What can we infer about Mr. Miller?

A. He was an animal protector.
B. He didn't take his work seriously.

C. He often dressed up in an unusual way.
D. He often asked his students burning questions.

（
2
）
How did the author react to the song “If I Had a Hammer”?

A. Puzzled. B. Disappointed. C. Uninterested. D. Excited.

（
3
）
What does the underlined word “this” in the text refer t
o?

A. A kind heart.
B. The smile.
C. A gift for music.
D. The love for teaching.

（
4
）
What is the author's purpose in writing this text?

A. To prove her love for music. B. To show a teacher's effect on her.

C. To call on students to take up teaching.
D. To share her experience in music learning.

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】文章通过自己的经历讲述了老师对自己的影响。

（
1
）推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知作者的老师系了个绿色的大象领结来搭配他的大象
咖啡 杯，再根据第三段
He was strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was
the most dynamic teacher I had ever met.
可以推断出他经常打扮地与众不同。故答案为
C
。

（
2
）细节理解题。根据第四段
I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said
he was going to give us music lessons.
可知，作者很兴奋。故答案为
D
。

（
3
）词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段
I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which
I received for being a dynamic teacher And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me
will carry this on
—
as I've carried on the legacy (
遗产
) of Mr. Miller.
可知，作者想知道 哪位学生
能像自己一样把老师对自己的影响
---
对教学的热爱继续下去。故答案为< br>D
。

（
4
）写作意图。文章前几段介绍了作者的老师对自己 的影响，
6
，
7
，
8
段讲到自己作为老
师也希望呢 个向老师一样自己能对学生产生影响。所以，文章的写作意图是为了表明老师
对自己的影响。故答案为< br>B
。

【点评】写作意图、目的、态度推断题

作者的语气态 度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手
段中体会出来。主要命题为：
1
）询问写作目的的题，
2
）询问语气态度的题。


5
．
阅读理解

About aspirin:

Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous
medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections. It is also suitable
to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.

Who can take aspirin?

Adults and children over 16 years of age.

Who should not take aspirin?

Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may harm your unborn baby.

Women who are breast- feeding. Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.

People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work.

How to take aspirin:

Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.

The recommended dose (
剂量
) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more
than 4g 12 tablets) in any 24 -hour period.


You
must
not
take
these
tablets
with
any
other
medicine
which
contains
any
aspirin
or
painkiller.

How to store aspirin:

Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.

Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.


Do
not
put
aspirin
in
the
bathroom
because
the
dampness
there
can
cause
it
to
lose
its
effectiveness.

Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.

Possible side effects:

Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common.
If these effects continue, contact your doctor.

Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare. If these occur,
stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.

（
1
）
In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?

A. Stomachache. B. Fever. C. Breathlessness. D. Nosebleed.

（
2
）
How many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?

A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.

（
3
）
What type of writing is this text?

A. A hospital announcement. B. A medical report.

C. A doctor's suggestions list.
D. Medical instructions.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项。

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“It is also suitable to treat colds and flu
-like symptoms,
and to red
uce a high temperature.”
可知，阿司匹林可以退烧，故选
B
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“The
recommended
dose
(
剂量
)
ranges
from
two
to
three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g 12 tablets in any 24 -
hour period.”
可知，每次
2 -3
片，一天不能超过
12
片，最多六次，故选
A
。
（
3
）考查主旨大意。本文属于说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项，因而是一篇药物
使用说明书，故选
D
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意 两个题型的考查，是一篇药物使用说明书，要
求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳， 从而选出正确答案。


6
．
阅读理解


Here
is
a
record
of
the
discussion
about
AI
(artificial
intelligence)
conducted
by
several
scientists:

Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it
will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology
and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will
happen
if
machines
become
more
intelligent
than
humans.
They
may
help
us,
ignore
us
or
destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that
is true will be partly up to us.


Scientist
B:
I
have
to
admit
that
the
potential
consequences
of
creating
something
that
can
match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers
how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off
and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we
would
be
quickly
substituted.
In
the
short
term,
there is
the
danger
that robots
will
take
over
millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-
scale
poverty
and
social
unrest.
In
the
long
term
machines
might
decide
the
world
would
be
better without humans.

Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a
terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what's happening right now: military
machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little
human
input.
The
next
step
will
be
autonomous
“murderbots”
following
orders
but
finally
deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous
for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.

（
1
）
What is Scientist B worried about?

A. AI technology will destroy the earth. B. Computers can't think by themselves.

C. Robots will take the place of humans. D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.

（
2
）
What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. I
launched
the
campaign
to
Stop
Killer
Robots.
B. We
forget
the
movie
image
of
a
terrifying Terminator.

C.
“Murderbots”
can't
decide
by
themselves.

D.
“Murderbots”
will
be
against
humans'
orders.

（
3
）
Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?

A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.
B. The employment will be affected by
AI technology in the future.

C.
“Murderbots” will
follow the
orders
of
their
manufacturers
in
the
wars.

D. All
the
three
scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.

（
4
）
Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?

A. Scientist A B. Scientist B C. Scientists B & C D. Scientists B & A

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。

(1)
考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take
over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean
large-scale
poverty
and
social
unrest.”
可知，科学家
B
担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失
业、 贫穷和社会动荡。故选
C
。

(2)
考查代词指代。由画线句上文内 容可知，自主的
“
杀人机器人
”
是否服从人类的命令，这
将决定谁杀 死谁，因此推断此处的
this
指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德
的， 非常危险的。故选
D
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的
“In
the
short
term,
there
is
the
danger
that
robots
will
take over millions of human
jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”
可知，机器
人的发展 会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选
B
。

(4)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“I
tend
to
believe
AI
will
have
a
positive
influence
on
our
future lives”
可知，科学家
A
认为人工智能积极因素比消极因 素多；根据第三段中的
“there is
the
danger
that
robots
will
take
over
millions
of
human
jobs,
creating
a
large
underclass
of
unemployed
people.
This
could
mean
large-
scale
poverty
and
social
unrest.”
和第四段中的
“It
seems
clear
to
me
that
this
would
be
extremely
dangerous
for
humans.
We
need
to
be
very
cautious indeed about what we
ask machines to do.”
可知，科学家
B
和科学家
C
认为 人工智能
消极因素比积极因素多。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及 细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上 ，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，从而选出正确答案。



7
．
阅读理解

Mrs. Jones was my first patient when I started medical school
—
and I owe her a lot.


She
was
under
my
care
for
the
first
two
years
of
my
medical
training,
yet
I
knew very
little
about her, except that she was thin, perhaps in her mid 70s. It might seem rather negligent not to
know the basic facts of my patient ,but I had a valid reason
—
Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been
dead for about three years before I made a patient of her. Mrs. Jones was the dead body that I
dissected
（解剖）
over the first two years of my medical training.

Of course, her name wasn't really Mrs. Jones, but it seemed a little impolite to be conducting
research into someone's body without even knowing its name, so out of courtesy, I thought she
should have one. “Me and Mrs. Jones, we've got a thing going on,” went the song coming out of
the radio as I unzipped the bag of her on my first day
—
and so she was christened.

As
the
months
passed,
I soon
forgot
that
Mrs.
Jones
had,
in
fact,
once
been
alive. One
day,
though,
she
suddenly
became
very
human
again.
I'd
been
dissecting
Mrs.
Jones
a
good
18
months before I got around to the uterus
（子宫）
. After I'd removed it, the professor came up
to me, “If you look at the opening carefully, you'll see that the angle indicates that this woman
has
had
several
children,
probably
three.”
I
stared
at
it,
and
I
suddenly
felt
very
strange.
This
woman,
who
had
given
me
something
incredibly
precious
that
I'd
begun
to
take
for
granted,
wasn't a dead body. She was a person, a mother, in fact.


At
my
graduation,
the
same
professor
came
over
to
congratulate
me.
I
explained
the
story
about Mrs. Jones to him, and recalled what he'd told me about her having children and how that
had affected me all those years ago.


“Well,” he said, “at the beginning of your training you had a dead body and managed to turn it
into a person. Now you're a doctor, the trick is to have a person and not turn them into a dead
body,” and he laughed, shook my hand and walked away.

（
1
）
Why didn't the author know much about Mrs. Jones?

A. Because he was irresponsible for his patients.

B. Because he wasn't allowed to ask for her privacy.

C. Because he didn't know her until she passed away.

D. Because he was too careless while dissecting her.

（
2
）
How did Mrs. Jones get her name?

A. It was passed down from the seniors of my school.

B. It came from a song being played when we first met.

C. She was named after a well-known singer I liked best

D. It just occurred to me when I opened the bag of her.

（
3
）
What could be the author's feeling for Mrs. Jones now?

A. Grateful.
B. Pitiless.
C. Hateful.
D. Guilty.

（
4
）
What did the professor imply by his words in the last paragraph?

A. Medical students are able to bring the dead back to life.

B. Being a doctor has nothing to do with the medical training.

C. Good doctors never fail to save their patients from dying.

D. Medical staff ought to have respect for life and humanity.

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文，作者讲述了和琼斯夫人之间的故事，说明了医务人
员应该尊敬生命和人道。

(1)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“It might
seem rather negligent not to know the basic facts
of my patient ,but I had a valid reason
—
Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been dead for about three
years before I made a patient of her.”
可知琼斯夫人在去世后，把遗体捐给了医学院，所以在
她去 世之前，作者并不认识她，故选
C
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“‘Me and Mrs.

Jones, we've got a thing going on,’ went the
song
coming
out
of
the
radio
as
I
unzipped
the
bag
of
her
on
my
first
day
—

and
so
she
was < br>christened.”
可知当我们第一次见面的时候，收音机里正在播放一首歌《我和琼斯夫 人》，
她就这样被命名了，故选
B
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“Mrs.
Jones
was
my
first
patient
when
I
st
arted
medical
school
—and I owe her a lot.”
可知现在，我对琼斯夫人充满感激，故选
A
。

(4)
考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“he
said,
‘at
the
beginning
of
your
training
you
had
a
dead
body
and
managed
to
turn
it
into
a
person.
Now
you're
a
doctor,
the
trick
is
to
have
a
person and not turn them int
o a dead body,’ and he laughed, shook my hand and walked away.”
可知教授说得这段话的意思是：< br>“
在你刚开始训练解剖尸体的时候，你要设法把尸体变成一
个人。现在，你成为一名医生 了，窍门就是不要把人变成尸体。
”
这名教授说得这些话暗含
的意思是医务人员应该尊 敬生命和人道，故选
D
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题 型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案 。



8
．
阅读理解


It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to
decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the
human
brain
is
at
its
highest
point
in
the
early
twenties,
when
it
has
collected
enough
information
to
be
able
to
use
the
vast
number
of
cells
freely
in
the
most
effective
way.
Pure
mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made
all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his
life tidying them up and arranging them.

But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is
more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or
her peak much later in life.

Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and
that is wisdom. One can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one
uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age
——
there are plenty of foolish middle-aged people about
——
but the average person tends to
learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes. Leaning to be
wise is basically learning what is not possible; and what is possible but so difficult that it is not
worth
all
the
trouble
one
has
to
go
through
to
get
there.
Mostly,
it
is
learning
about
human
nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and
react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place,
which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature, but which is
basically a waste of time because it is not.

（
1
）
According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result
in________.

of hard work

ess of the brain

experience

deep understanding of the nature

（
2
）
Some people achieve success much later in life because .

work often requires much experience

do not have a chance to show their talents

have to learn lessons from failures

fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work

（
3
）
The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that .

helps to avoid various mistakes

contributes to one's creativity

encourages one to go forward in face of difficulty

provides the right direction of efforts

（
4
）
The writer came to believe that .

is always a waste of time to make plans about the future

is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossible

should always challenge the impossible to push the society forward

has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，介绍了人类的大脑在
20
岁左右于巅峰，在以后的成
就多数是因为需要丰富的经 验。除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧
为人们提供了正确的努力方向。人们要用智 慧来决定做什么才是最好的。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段
“It
has
been
discovered
that
after
the
age
of
sixte
en,
the
number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die
off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, ... and
we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20
and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.”
人们发现，
16
岁以
后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。在某些类型 的活动中，人类的大脑
在
20
岁早期处于巅峰状态
,...
我们知 道阿尔伯特
·
爱因斯坦在
20
到
25
岁之间做出了所有震< br>惊世界的发现。用余生来整理和安排这些发现。根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知，他的伟大
的发现是 在
20-25
岁之间，更是印证了人类大脑在
20
年代初达到了巅峰，可推断 出，本段
主要研究人类大脑巅峰期，故选
B
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第二段
“But
in
certain
other
types
of
activity
(of
which
being
an
author
is
perhaps
one),
experience
is
more
important
than
sharpness
of
brain,
and
there
one
usually finds that a pers
on reaches his or her peak much later in l ife.”
但在某些其他类型的活动
中
(
作家可能是其中一种
)，经验比头脑的敏捷更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的
晚期才达到顶峰。可推断出有些人在 晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经
验。故选
A
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Besides
sharpness
of
brain
and
experience,
here
is
another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom.... Leaning to be wise is basically learning
what is not possible
；
and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one
has
to
go
through
to
get
there.
Mostly,
it
is
learning
about
human
nature
；
how
real
people
behave
and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react.”
除了敏锐的头脑和
丰富的 经验外，还有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。学习成为智者，要基本的了解什
么是不可能的；学习有 可能但又很困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出
所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了 解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他
们如何行为和反应的。由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于 智慧能让人知道什么可做，什么不
能做，即为人提供正确的努力方向。故选
D
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“Leaning
to
be
wise
is
basically
learning
what
is
not
possible
；
and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go
through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature
；
how real people behave and
react,
as
against
how
one would
like
them
to
behave and
react.
One
can read
and
hear
lot
of
idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based
on
an
accurate
observation
of
human
nature,”
成为智者，要大体上知道什么是不可能的。学
习有可能但又如此困难的东西， 以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最
重要的是学习人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和 反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反
应的。人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理 想主义的东西
.......
由此可
推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么 事。故选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一 篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进
行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


9
．
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（
A
、
B
、C
和
D
）中，选出最佳选项。


blood sugars are much too high.
was overhead like a dark cloud, waiting for just the right opportunity to break open and destroy
my world.

I liked painting. Losing myself in painting filled me with peace. Painting provided me with the
only place where I could escape from those threatening words.

When I was twenty- one, my right eye went blind. Precisely three months after my twenty-fifth
birthday,
I
had
a
massive
hemorrhage
(
大出血
)
in
my left
eye
because
of
an
accident.
For
the
next twenty years, vision came and went. I went through many eye operations in an attempt to
keep
my
vision.
But
after
one
final
operation,
I
lost
the
battle
and
all
remaining
vision.
And
I
buried all dreams of painting.

Desperate, I enrolled in (
注册
) a sixteen-week program for the blind and visually impaired (
损
伤的
). I learned personal adjustment and the use of a computer with adaptive software. A whole
new world opened up to me through this program.


use the Internet, e-mail and Microsoft with all its tools and features.
for the first time in years.
Microsoft Access, Excel and Powerpoint,

For the next several years, I learned that when one door closes, another door opens. There are
plenty of choices available for the blind and visually impaired through the gift of technology. Not
only do I have a speaking computer, but I have a speaking watch, alarm clock and calculator.

（
1
）
What does the underlined word

A. The right opportunity.
B. Losing my sight in the future.

C. Consuming too much sugar D. The children's hospital.

（
2
）
What happened when the author was 25 years old?

A. He gave up painting.
B. He went blind completely

C. He injured one of his eyes. D. He picked up a new hobby

（
3
）
What brought a turning point to the author?

A. A special course. B. A meaningful event

C. An inspiring speech. D. An important interview.

（
4
）
What does the author intend to tell us?

A. No pain, no gain. B. Every man has his price.

C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. Be optimistic in the face of life's difficulties.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文。作者的左眼失明，右眼视力严重受损，但作者没有
气馁，
“
一个特殊的课程
”
给作者带来了一个转折点。文章告诉我们：当一扇门关上时，另
一扇门就会打开。

（
1
）考查代词指代。。根据第一段中的
“‘You’ll
be
blind
by
the
time
you’re
twenty
-
five,’
a
doctor
at
Children’s
Hospital
predicted.“
当你
25
岁的时候，你就会失明
”
可知，

No
matter
where
I
was
or
what
I
was
doing,
it
was
overhead
like
a
dark
cloud,
waiting
for
just
the
right
opportunity to break open and destroy my world.
中的
it
指的是
“
在 未来会失明
”
，故选
B
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Precisely three months after my twenty
-fifth birthday, I
had a massive hemorrhage (
大出血
) in my left eye b
ecause of an accident.”
可知，作者
25
岁时
左眼受伤。故选
C
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“Desperate, I enrolled in (
注册
) a sixteen-week program
for
the
blind
and
visually
impaired
(
损伤的
).
I
learned
personal
adjustment
and
the
use
of
a
computer with adaptive software. A whole new world op
ened up to me through this program.”
可
知，
“
一个特殊的课程
”
给作者带来了一个转折点。故选
A
。

（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的
“For
the
next
several years,
I
learned
that
when
one
door closes, another door opens. There are plenty of choices available for the blind and visually
impaired through the
gift of technology.”
可知，作者告诉我们
“
面对生活中的困难，要乐观。
”
故选
D
。

【点评】本题考 点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉 细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


10
．
阅读理解

The number of giraffes is becoming smaller across Africa, according to the Giraffe Conservation
Foundation.
The
total
population
has
dropped
by
40
percent
in
the
last
15
years.
Surprisingly,
even
scientists
haven't
given
much
attention
to
giraffes.
We
are
learning
more
about
their
ecology, but what we know is still way behind what we know about other species.
extinction,



wonder why hunters would focus on giraffes. First of all, once a giraffe is brought down, there is
lots
of
meat
with
a
small
amount
of
effort.
Besides,
there
is
another
thing
encouraging
the
hunting. In Tanzania, Hennessy says, the latest word on the street is that eating giraffe meat could
cure AIDS. Fresh giraffe heads and bones can be sold at prices of up to $$140 per piece.


Another
widespread
misconception
about
giraffes
is that
they
are everywhere.
Look
at
kids'
books which are full of giraffes. They are always in zoo collections. They can be seen easily, so you
don't think we have to worry about them. But the truth is that they are in danger of extinction.
There is a lack of right and true data.


Hennessy
and
other
researchers
are
now
pulling
together
the
data
needed
to
improve
the
situation of the entire giraffe species and all nine subspecies (
亚种
). The information will be used
to
change
the
giraffe's
listing
on
the
International
Union
for
Conservation
of
Nature
Red
List,
which now lists the species as of
of
work
to
gather
the
necessary
information,
Hennessy
says.

several
other
giraffe
subspecies will be recommended for endangered listings next year or the year after.
that
the
world
will
finally
start
to
take
notice
of
how
endangered
these
beloved
animals
have
become.

（
1
）
By saying

A. giraffes are unpopular in Africa
B. the giraffe is always silent in daily life

C. the
ecology
of
Africa
needs
more
attention
D. the
extinction
occurs
without
enough
attention

（
2
）
What has caused the high price of giraffe meat in Tanzania?

A. The country's custom. B. The illegal international trade.

C. The cost of hunting a giraffe. D. The idea that it's a cure for AIDS.

（
3
）
The misconception in Para. 3 can be corrected by ______.

A. preventing illegal hunting in Africa
B. rewriting kids' books about giraffes

C. providing reliable data about giraffes
D. spreading scientific knowledge of AIDS

（
4
）
The final purpose of Hennessy's great effort is to ______.

A. collect more information about giraffes
B. raise public awareness of protecting giraffes

C. prove giraffes will disappear in the next few years
D. work with the International Union for
Conservation of Nature

【答案】
（
1
）
D

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明 文，介绍了长颈鹿濒临灭绝的原因，并指出提供准确的
数据，提高人们的保护意识至关重要。

（
1
）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的
“Surprisingly,
even
scientists
haven't
given
muc
h
attention to giraffes. We are learning more about their ecology, but what we know is still way
behind
what we
know
about
other
species.”
可知人们对其关注很少，了解 很少，这时期灭绝
的原因，所以
silent extinction
意为在人们不知不觉中灭绝。故选
D
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“In
Tanzania,
Hennessy
says,
the
lates
t
word
on
the
street is that eating giraffe meat could cure AIDS. Fresh giraffe heads and bones can be sold at
prices
of
up
to
$$140
per
piece.”
可知人们认为长颈鹿肉能 治愈艾滋病，因此其肉价很贵，故
选
D
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“There is a lack of right and true data.”
可知造成人们误
解的原因是，缺乏正确真 实的数据，再根据第四段中的
“Hennessy
and
other
researchers
are
now pulling together the data needed to improve the situation of the entire giraffe species and all
nine subspecies (
亚种
).”
可知要想根正人们的认知，需要提供准确可靠的数据，故选
C< br>。

（
4
）考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的
“He
hopes
that
the
world
will
finally
start
t
o
take
notice of how endangered these beloved animals have become.”
可知
Hennessy
的努力的目的是
提高公众 保护长颈鹿的意识。故选
B
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测， 推理判断和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一
篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根 据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


11
．
阅读理解

LIANG TAO sold 80 pink Givenchy bags in 12 minutes. Becky Fang sold 100 Mini Cooper cars in
just five. Both are wanghong, literally “red
-
hot on the web”. Every day millions of Chinese search
social
media
for
wanghong
posts
or
tune
in
to
live-streams
for
wanghong's
opinions
on
everything.
The
fans
are
helping
this
new
Chinese
Internet
star
to
make
money
out
of
their
popularity
—
and to shake up the country's e-commerce industry in the process.

A few of wanghong have been hired by luxury brands. Jaeger-LeCoultre, a Swiss watchmaker,
hired Papi Jiang for a video ad targeting young urbanites (
都市人
), including her 27m fans on Sina
Weibo, a Twitter-like microblog. Zhang Yi of iiMedia Research, a consulting firm, estimates that up
to 15% of sales on shopping sites like Taobao or social- media apps such as WeChat are influenced
by
wanghong's
public
support.
The
length
of
a
dress
might
be
decided
by
a
survey
of
a
wanghong's fans; its launch date might be based on the number of hits, shares or comments it
collects, some of which can cause last-minute design changes.

This poses a new challenge for retailers(
零售商
), whose supply chains must respond ever more
quickly
to
wanghong's
opinions.
Whereas
previously
a
company
would
look
for
a
celebrity
to
match its image, wanghong and their admirers are shaping goods.

Another challenge comes directly from wanghong themselves. They increasingly make money
not merely from online support or advice but by launching their own e-commerce stores. Sales of
goods
accounted
for
just
under
half
of
wanghong
earnings
of
53bn
yuan
($$8bn)
in
2016,
estimates Analysys, a Chinese market-research firm (the rest came mostly from live-show tips and
adverts).

Some wanghong are going a step further. In November Becky Fang launched her own clothing
line. Part of her motivation, she says, was that the brands she supported did not always match
the trends she was sharing with her followers. By creating her own brand, Becky's Fantasy, she
have
full
control
of
the
quality.
She
also
gains
a
new
income.
For
the
time
being
only
3-5%
of
wanghong follow Becky Fang's example, iiMedia Research estimates. But it expects the model to
become
an
industry
in
its
own
right,
including
entertainment
and
e-commerce,
and
driven
by
online data.

（
1
）
Why can wanghong use their popularity to make money?

A. Because they are Internet stars.
B. Because they use social media.

C. Because
their
opinions
influence
fans.
D. Because
they
can
shake
the
e-commerce
industry.

（
2
）
What is the characteristic of the products supported by wanghong?

-爱眼护眼小常识

-爱眼护眼小常识

-爱眼护眼小常识

-爱眼护眼小常识

-爱眼护眼小常识

-爱眼护眼小常识

-爱眼护眼小常识

-爱眼护眼小常识