-鸡毛信简介

2021年1月23日发(作者：维妙维肖的意思)
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编
(
含答案
)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解

Mexico sites on an island plateau (
高原
) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality
a constant concern for people who live there.

In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary
ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city
one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles,
public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.

Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more
than an awareness- raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the
city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city
ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway
rides.

Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air
quality.
India,
whose
citizens
breathe
some
of
the
world's
dirtiest
air,
has
tried
a
variety
of
solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases.


Beijing
also
has
experience
with
cleaning
the
air.
The
city
introduced
alternate-day
rules
in
advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London
congestion
(
拥挤
)
charge,
introduced
in
2003.
The
charge
has
had
a
measurable
effect
on
air
quality.

For now, Mexico City
—
named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in
1992
—
can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo
clean the air.

（
1
）
How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city?

A. By
banning
private
and
Federal
vehicles
one
day
a
week.
B. By
forbidding
private
and
public vehicles every Saturday.

C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.

（
2
）
What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles?

A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides.

C. Introduced more travel options.
D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city.

（
3
）
What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico?

A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.

（
4
）
What's the best title for the passage?

A. Mexico
—
an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico

C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones
D. How to Improve Air Quality

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明 文，墨西哥墨西哥政府为了提高空气质量，在实施车辆
禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。他们希望城市应该是 无车区。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving
air
quality
by
enacting
a
temporary
ban
on
private
and
Federal
vehicles
in
the
city.
The
rule
forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each m
onth.”
可知，
墨西哥是通过每周有一天禁止私人和联邦车辆来禁止 车辆进入城市的。故选
A
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the
streets and also offered free bus and subway r ides.”
可知，墨西哥政府在实施车辆禁令时提供
免费巴士和地铁。故选
B
。

(3)
考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最中的
“The
charge
has
had
a
measurabl
e
effect
on
air
q uality.”
可知，拥挤费有助于改善墨西哥的空气质量。故选
D
。

(4)
考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的
“For now, Mexico City —
named by the United Nations as
the most polluted city on the planet in 1992
—
can look forward to the start of the region's rainy
season, when daily showers will he
lp lo clean the air.”
可知，城市应该是无车区。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅
读，考 生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确
答案。



2
．
阅读理解



Whether
you
are
a
national
or
an
international
student,
we
welcome
you
to
Middletown
University.
Our
reputation
is
built
on
providing
high-quality
education
in
both
academic
and
vocational (
职业的
) subjects. As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning,
we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.

What do they cost?


Costs
for
our
coursers
vary
considerably.
Click
on
each
department's
homepage
for
more
information. Scholarships and bursaries an available for certain courses, particularly for those in
the sciences and education.

SAMPLE COURSE OVERVIEW

BA in English Language and Literature

The main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe, analyze and manipulate
features
of
the
English
language,
and
to
see
how
these
are
expressed
in
literature.
As
well
as
taking core modules which cover these areas, students will be able to specialize in their fields of
interest.

Duration: three-year course

Course: Choose 12 out of 20 modules.

Weekly timetable: eight hours of lectures/four hours of seminars

Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year

Requirements: academic experience and interest in the subject; good school-exam grades

Diploma in teaching

In the first term, you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher.
In the second term, you will also begin teaching in a school. The third term is completely practical.

Duration: one-year course

Course: Choose six out of ten modules (three are compulsory).

Weekly timetable: six hours of lectures/ two hours of seminars/ six hours of classroom teaching

Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation

Requirement: first degree in specific subject area

（
1
）
What is Middletown University famous for?

A. Academic and vocational education.
B. Traditional teaching methods.

C. Distance- learning courses.
D. Face-to-face communication.

（
2
）
What do the two sample courses have in common?

A. They both last for three years.

B. They both require students to hand in essays.

C. They both offer total freedom to choose modules.

D. They both favor students with interest in the subject.

（
3
）
What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To advertise certain online courses.

B. To stress the need for distance learning.

C. To introduce distance-learning techniques.

D. To suggest a way of pursuing further education.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应 用文，一所大学就该校最近开设的在线课程就行了简单的
介绍，包括课程目的，时长，评价，要求等。< br>

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
”Our
reputation
is
built
on
providing
high
-quality
education in both academic and vocational (
职业的
) subj ects.“
可知，这所大学因为在学术和职
业课程上提供高质量的教学而获得名誉，即它以高 质量的学术和职业教学而出名。故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
BA
in
English
Language
and
Literature
部分中的
”
Assessment:
essays, exams and an 8,000-
word dissertation at the end of the third year“
和
Diploma in teaching
部分中的
”
Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation“
可知这两门课程的共
同点是都需要提 交文章。故选
B
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
”
As well as priding ou
rselves on our traditional face- to-
face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-
learning courses.“
我们在提 供传
功课程的同时也提供了大量的在线课程，以及下文所叙述的两种课程的课程内容，时长，
评 价和要求等，可推测本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程打广告。故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需
要准确 捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解


WISH YOU WERE MORE CREATIVE?

I want to ask you a favor. I have a pair of pants. Tell me: How many different ways can I put a
pair of pants to use? Now imagine you're an architect. Same question. Now imagine you're Bill
Gates. A scuba diver. A medieval knight. You still have the pants. What alternative uses come to
mind?


What
you
just
practiced-- the
conscious
act
of

another
self-is
an
exercise
that,
according to psychiatrist SriniPillay, MD, is essential to being creative.


One great irony (
讽刺
) about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it in
uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we're

or
we
aren't,
without
much
of
a
middle
ground.

just
not
a
creative
person!
a
discouraged student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for
her difficulties in math, making a comment

, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent years overturning these ideas.
He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (
陈
词滥调的
)
advice
that
urges
you
to

in
yourself.
In
fact,
you
should
do
the
opposite:
Believe you are someone else.


He
points
to
a
study
showing
the
impact
of
stereotype
on
one's
behavior.
The
authors,
psychologists
Denis
Dumas
and
Kevin
Dunbar,
divided
their
college
student
subjects
into
two
groups,
instructing
one
group
to
think
of
themselves
as

poets
and
the
other
to
imagine
they
were

librarians
The
researchers
then
presented
them
all
with
ordinary
objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many
different uses as possible for each one. The former group came up with the widest range of ideas,
whereas the latter had the fewest.

These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a
and perspective

Dr. Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative
is
less
powerful
than
taking
the
brave,
creative
step
of
imagining
you
are
somebody
else. This
exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of
another self. An actor
may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it.
According
to
Dr.
Pillay,
it works
because
it
is
an
act
of
conscious
unfocus,
a
collection
of
brain
regions
that
spring
into
action
when
you're
not
focused
on
a
specific
task
or
thought.
Most
people spend nearly half of their days in a state of
us human.


Imagining
yourself
in
a
new
situation,
or
an
entirely
new
identity,
never
felt
so
productive.
You're
making
yourself
more
creative,
and
you're
giving
yourself
permission
to
do
something
you'd otherwise feel guilty about.

（
1
）
What's the function of the questions in paragraph 1?

A. To lead in the topic.
B. To make a comparison.

C. To state an opinion.
D. To ask a favor.

（
2
）
The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar proves

A. creativity is an individual characteristic B. librarians are more creative than poets

C. ordinary objects can improve creativity
D. your creativity is determined by yourself

（
3
）
According to Dr. Pillay, Halloweenism works because .

A. it is an act of unconscious focus B. certain brain areas begin to act together

C. people are in a state of laziness D. all actors employ this technique

（
4
）
If you want to be more creative, you are supposed to .

A. focus on a specific task B. believe in your own talent

C. pretend to be someone else
D. turn to be right-brained

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了 一种
心理学理念
-
-
心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不 同的用法
?
并让
读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪 的骑士等等思考同
样的问题；再根据第二段
”What you just practiced
--the conscious act of
-
is an exercise that…is essential to being creative.“
可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的
-
-
有意识地

穿戴

另一个自我的行为
-
-
是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这
些问题就是为了引出下文中的

创造力

话题，

故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第六段
”
These
results
suggest
that
creativity
is
not
an
individual
characteristic but a‘product of context and perspective’. Everyone can be creative, as long as he
or she feels like a creative person.“
可知
Denis Dumas
和
Kevin Dunba r
的研究结果表明创造力
不是个体特征，而是

环境和视角的产物
。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己
是一个有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取 决于自己的。故选
D
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的
”
According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of
conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused
on a specific task or thought.“
可知据 皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种
有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特 定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就
起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工 作，故选
B
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
”He
believes
that
the
key
to
unlocking
your
creative
potential
is
to
challenge
the
stereotyped
(
陈词滥调的
)
advice
that
urges
you
to
‘believe
i
n
yourself.’ In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.“
可知想象自己 处在
一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造
力 。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想
象成另外一个人。 故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的 考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案 。


4
．
阅读理解


Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple
as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes
you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.

Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he
would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the
lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.

But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of
the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His
thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk
was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he
threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He
reached
the
fence,
raised
himself
up
and
then
began
dragging
himself
along
the
fence,
firmly
determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided.
With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then
to walk by himself and then to run.


He
began
to
walk
to
school,
and
then
run
to
school,
to
run
for
the
joy
of
running.
Later
in
college he was on the track team.


In
February 1934,
in
New
York
City's
Madison
Square Garden,
this
young
man who
was
not
expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined
young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.

A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham
continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce
back
even
when
all
difficulties
are
piled
against
one,
to
the
degree
that
death
seemed
the
preferable option.

（
1
）
The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A. present an argument
B. make preparations for statement

C. arouse readers' interest
D. function as a brief introduction

（
2
）
What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?

A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.

B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.

C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.

D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt

（
3
）
What do we know about Glenn?

A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital. B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.

C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon. D. Glenn organized a track team in college.

（
4
）
What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Strengthen determination B. Stand up after failure

C. Go after dreams D. Face difficulty bravely

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章 通过
Glenn
幸存的故事，告诉我们
“
让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如 何在被打击后重新站起
来。
”


（
1
）推理判断题。根据第一段中
Everybody,
at
some
point
in
their
lives,
has
experienced
failure.
和
But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.
可知，
第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选
D
。


（
2
）推理判断题。根据第三段中
Much
to
the
amazement
of
the
doctor,
he
did
survive.
可
知，医生认为
Glen n
生还的机会很小。故选
C
。


（
3
）推理判断题。根据最后一段中
A
good
example
of
the
power
of
positive
thinking
and
faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,
可知，
Glenn
以他
感人的 故事激励人们。故选
B
。


（
4
）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句
But what makes you is not your failure, but how you
get
back
up
after
being
hit.“
让 你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起
来。
”
可知本文最佳主题是< br>B
项
Stand up after failure
。故选
B
。


【点评】本题考点涉及推理 判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时
首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用 什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什
么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意 确定关键词，然后在文章中定
位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。




5
．
阅读理解



Anxiety
has
now
surpassed
depression
as
the
most
common
mental
health
disease
among
college
students,
though
depression,
too,
is
on
the
rise.
More
than
half
of
students
visiting
campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000
students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State. Nearly one in six
college
students
has
been
diagnosed
with
or
treated
for
anxiety
within
the
last
12
months,
according to the annual national survey by the American College Health Association.


The
causes
range
widely,
experts
say,
from
mounting
academic
pressure
at
earlier
ages
to
overprotective parents to engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the
development of a student's life, but now more students experience anxiety so acute that they are
seeking professional help. Like many college clinics, the Center for Counseling and Psychological
Services
at
the
University
of
Central
Florida
(UCF)
—

one
of
the
country's
largest
and
fastest-
growing
universities,
has
seen
sharp
increases
in
the
number
of
clients: 15.2
percent
over
last
year alone.

Anxiety has become characteristic of the current generation of college students, said Dan Jones,
the director of Counseling and Psychological Services at Appalachian State University in Boone, N.
C. Because of increasingly pressures during high school, he and other experts say, students arrive
at college preloaded with stress. Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable
to
govern
themselves.
And
with
parents
so
accessible,
students
have
had
less
incentive
to
develop life skills. “They can't tolerate discomfort or having to struggle,” Dr Jones said.

More often, anxiety is mild and temporary, the indication of a student under the control of a
normal developmental issue-learning time management, for example, or how to handle rejection
from a sorority. Mild anxiety is often treatable with early, modest interventions. But to care for
rising
numbers
of
severely
troubled
students,
many
counseling
centers
have
moved
to
triage
protocols (
分诊措施
). That means that students with less urgent needs may wait several weeks
for first appointments.


Like
many
college
counseling
centers,
UCF
has
designed
a
variety
of
daily
workshops
and
therapy groups that implicitly and explicitly address anxiety, depression and their triggers. Next
fall the center will test a new app for treating anxiety with a seven-module cognitive behavioral
program, accessible through a student's phone and augmented with brief videoconferences with
a therapist. It also offers semester-long, 90-
minute weekly therapy groups, such as “Keeping Calm
and
in
Control”,
“Mindfulness
for
Depression”
and
“Building
Social
Confidence”
-for
students
struggling with social anxiety.

（
1
）
Which of the following contributes to anxiety according to the text?


A. Protection from teachers. B. An app in students' phones.

C. Increasingly learning pressure. D. Management of time learning.

（
2
）
What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?


A. Prevention.
B. Motivation.
C. Acquisition.
D. Direction.

（
3
）
What's the purpose of those therapy groups mentioned in the last paragraph?


A. To help students suffering anxiety.

B. To test what social anxiety is.

C. To introduce the cognitive behavioral program of UCF.

D. To emphasize the importance of calm and confidence.

（
4
）
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?


A. Tips on dealing with anxiety

B. Causes of anxiety and depression

C. Different mental diseases threaten college students

D. College mental health centers overburdened with anxious students

【答案】

（
1
）
C

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】焦虑症已经超越抑郁症成为大学生中最常见的心理健康问题，文章 分析
焦虑可能产生的原因，以及某些大学为此采取的措施。


（
1
）细节理解题。根据第二段内容
The
causes
range
widely,
experts
say,
from
mounting
academic
pressure
at
earlier
ages
to
overprotective
parents
to
engagement
with
social
media
（专 家称焦虑症的原因多种多样，从早年积累下来的学业压力、家长的过度保护到对社交
媒体的强迫性依赖） 可知，
C
项（增加的学习压力）会导致焦虑，故选
C
。

（
2
）词义猜测题。根据上句内容
Accustomed
to
extreme
parental
oversight,
many
seem
unable
to
govern
themselv es.
（很多学生都习惯于父母无微不至的监督，几乎没有自制能
力。）故这里递进的句子And
with
parents
so
accessible,
students
have
had
less
incentive
to
develop
life
skil ls.
（
由
于
家
长
总
在
身
边，
学
生
们
普
遍
缺
乏
学
习独
立
生
活
技
能
的
________
。 ），
B
项
“
动力
”
最符合语境，故划线单词意思为
“
动力
”
，选
B
。

（
3
）细节 理解题。根据本段表述的内容：像许多大学的心理咨询中心一样，
U.C.F.
也设置
了多种日常研讨会和治疗小组，以直接或间接的方式解决焦虑、抑郁问题及其触发源。明
年秋天，该中心 将对一种新的拥有七个模块的认知行为疗法应用程序进行测试，学生可以
通过手机获取该应用，并可与治 疗师进行简短的视频谈话。故这些治疗小组的目的时为了
帮助那些患焦虑症的学生。故选
A。

（
4
）主旨大意题。通读全文可看出，文章介绍了焦虑症已经成为美 国大学生中最常见心理
问题，大学的心理咨询中心已经超负荷，故选
D
作为标题最合适 。


6
．
阅读理解


Nowadays,
especially
in
China,
everything
seems
to
favor
social
intercourse(
社交
)
,
such
as
gatherings
of
friends,
KTV,
group
travel,
dining
tighter,
playing
cards
and
Mahjong,
plus
the
Chinese-style
within the


However,
these
scenes
cannot
always
ease
a
sense
of
loneliness.
Zhu
Ziqing,
a
well-known
professor
of
Tsinghua
University,
signed
with
emotion:

loneliness
increases
as
scene
becomes much busier.
engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.

These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to one's true self. Willpower, intellect
and discipline are required. Einstein said:
determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.
to could be taken as


Lonely
life
could
be
either
dull,
boring
and
tasteless
or
abundant,
interesting
and
colorful,
depending on one's quality, ambition and inspiration.

Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand never stopping
inputs.
However,information,
processed
and
integrated
(
融入
)
into
knowledge,
thoughts
and
feelings, instead of bustle (
忙碌
) seems to be the right condition. Successful careers m all walks
of life worldwide have proved that
In
a
sense,
it
may
be
reasonable
to
say
that

Happiness
tends
to
be
shallow
while
loneliness
involves depth


Man,
in
fact,
needs
loneliness
more
than
happy
time,
and
only
abundant
loneliness
can
produce quality happiness.

（
1
）
Which of the following can replace the underlined the word

A. surprisingly B. sadly C. busily D. peacefully

（
2
）
What can we infer from the second paragraph?

A. Being alone marks people depressed. B. Social intercourse improves our happiness.

C. One
may
feel
lonely
even
when
surrounded
by
people.
D. We
should
attend
social
intercourse to decrease our loneliness.

（
3
）
What can we know from Einstein's words?

A. You
should
be
successful
if
you
spend
all
your
time
by
yourself.
B. You
should
exercise
more if you want to keep your minds healthy.

C. You will not become successful if you join in more social intercourse.
D. You will be more
successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.

（
4
）
Which may be the best title for this passage?

A. Live on Your Own B. Happiness and Loneliness

C. The Secret of Success
D. Practice Your Social Ability

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。 主要讨论了在现今社会中很多的社会往活动在进行中，
人们看似很幸福。然而，一切都掩盖不了人们在这 些幸福场景背后倍感孤独的社会现象。

（
1
）考查词意猜测题。根据第一段 可知，如今，尤其是在中国，一切都似乎有利于社会交
往，如朋友聚会、
KTV
、团体 旅游、餐饮更紧，打牌和麻将，加上中式
“
过街组
”
。可以猜测
出下 文：回到家中仍然忙着在微信上讨论。所以划线词
boisterously
的意思是
“
忙的
”
，故选
C
。

（
2
）考查推理判断题。根据第二段第一句，也是主题句
However,
these
scenes
cannot
always ease a sense of loneliness.
以及
A lonely man in crow ds.”
可知，一个人就算被人包围着
也可能感到孤独。故选
C
。

（
3
）考查细节理解题。根据第三段
Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare
time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successf
ul or not.”
（

爱因斯坦说 ：
“
不是你的工作时间，而是你的业余时间决定了你是否成功的可能性。）可知，如果你能让< br>寂寞的时间更有意义，你会更成功。故选
D
。

（
4
）考查标题判断题。本文主要讨论了在现今社会中很多的社会往活动在进行中，人们看
似很幸福。然而， 一切都掩盖不了人们在这些幸福场景背后倍感孤独的社会现象。所以最
佳标题是
B. Happiness and Loneliness
，故选
B.

【点评】寻找文章的主题句

了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通 常在文章首段，但是也可能在文
章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个 段落都有主题
句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。


7
．
阅读理解

There's a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World.
Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the
lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too
–––
that's why it made Nov 16th
“International Day for Tolerance”.

But
first
of
all, what
is
tolerance? According
to
French
philosopher
Voltaire,
tolerance
is
the
consequence
of
humanity.
We
are
all
formed
of
frailty
(
脆弱
)
and
error;
let
us
pardon
each
other's fool
–––

that is the first law of nature.”

Very often, people don't realize that they're intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to
do with ignorance. For example, the UN's campaign is in part about the treatment of females by
males.
But
often,
the
behavior
of
men
toward
women
is
intolerant
because
men
don't
put
themselves in the shoes of women.


It's
worth
thinking
a
little
about
the
words
“tolerance”
and
“intolerance”.
Are
they
the
best
words to describe the evils of which we're speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone
isn't
necessarily
a
very
respectful
thing.
When
someone
is
tolerated,
it
implies
that
there's
something wrong with them.

Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that
we
all
share.
That's
the
reason
we
should
be
tolerant.
It's
a
little
like
generosity.
We
can
give
things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.

（
1
）
What's t
he purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”?

A. To arouse people's awareness of tolerance among people.
B. To celebrate the founding of
the UN.

C. To
solve
the
problem
of
global
warming.
D. To
change
peopled
opinion
towards
globalization.

（
2
）
Why do men behave intolerantly towards women?

A. Because men don't realize the purpose of the UN.
B. Because men are physically stronger
than women.

C. Because
men
don't
appreciate
the
shoes
of
women.
D. Because
men
are
not
willing
to
understand women.

（
3
）
Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”?

A. Because they are hard to pronounce in English.
B. Because they don't express the exact
meaning people refer to.

C. Because they can't be translated into other languages.
D. Because they can't be used in a
respectful way.

（
4
）
In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”?

A. Humans are advised to treat others better.
B. Humans leant to find faults in others.

C. Humans
need
to
give
something
to
others.
D. Humans
will
change
their
attitudes
to
others.

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论 文。人们天性是脆弱的不完美的，容易犯错误的，因此
包容是人性的体现。文章通过分析解释人们要宽容 待人。

（
1
）考查推理判断题。根据第一段二、三两句
“Marley
understood
that
part
of
the
reason
why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN
understands this too ---
that's why it made Nov 16th 'International Day for Tolerance' .”
可推断，
世界上的人们缺乏包容，因此联合国把
11
月
16日设置为
“
国际宽容日
”
是为了唤起人们的
包容意识。故答案选
A
。

（
2
）考查推理判断题。根据第三段尾句
“But
often,
the
behavior
of
men
toward
women
is
intolerant because men don't put themselves in the shoes of women.”
可知，男性对女性 不包容
是因为他们不愿意设身处地的为女性着想，不愿意理解她们。故答案选
D
。
（
3
）考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段后三句
“Are they the best words to desc
ribe the evils
of
which
we're
speaking
here?
To
agree
to
be
'tolerant'
of
someone
isn't
necessarily
a
very
respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there's something wrong with them.”
可知，对某人宽容并不一定是一件值得尊重的事情，某人如果被包容，就暗示着 某人有问
题，因此推断使用
“
宽容
”
或者
“
不宽容
”
是没有意义的，因为它们不能准确表达人们所指的
意思。故答案选
B
。

（
4
）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句
“It's
a
little
like
generosity.
We
can
give
things
to
another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.”
可推断，在我们给与别人谅解时，宽容
有点像慷慨。故答案选
C
。

【点评】本题型考查了对文章段落或某一板块的理解概括能力。先阅读问题，然后带着问
题，再读全文， 找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。在词义与句义理解的基础上，结合上
下文总结归纳某一段或几段的大 意，对于把握文章主旨，分析全文结构都是至关重要的。


8
．
阅读理解


Samanta
Schweblin,
one
of
the
best
young
Spanish
language
novelists
nominated
(
提名
)
by
British
literary
magazine
Granta
,
has
visited
Beijing
to
promote
the
first
Chinese
edition
of
a
collection
of
her
short
stories.
The
collection,
Birds
in
the
Mouth,
has
been
translated
and
published by Shanghai- based publisher Reader.


“Sometimes I hold the Chinese edition and choose a story at random and try to guess which
one it is. But it is almost i
mpossible for me; even the length is different.” says Schweblin. “When a
book is translated into a Western language, I can at least understand some parts of my stories,
and therefore suffer some doubt about the quality of the translation. But my Chinese edition is
more like an act of faith.”

Born in Argentina in 1978, Schweblin says she is influenced by the literary traditions of the La
Plata area, home to many famous Latin-American novelists.

Interested in writing stories of ordinary lives where suddenly something extraordinary happens,
something new, strange or unknown, she thinks, “The stranger and the unknown are not always
related
to
ghosts
or
aliens, but
can
be
something
related
to
the known
world,
something
that
actually could happen.”


Birds in the Mouth
tells of a divorced father who worries about his 13-year-old daughter and
her mysterious appetites. It turns out that his daughter eats live birds.


The idea for this story came to Schweblin when she was browsing the Internet, “Click, cl
ick,
click, a picture of a little girl who looks frightened with her hands covering her mouth came to my
eyes. Little by little, I developed the story in my mind, and then wrote it down” recalls Schweblin.


Although
there
are
elements
of
violence
and
bloodiness
in
Schweblin's
stories,
she
skillfully
hides them, thinking the trick to writing a thrilling story is to stop the monster from appearing,
while maintaining a frightening and mysterious atmosphere.

（
1
）
Samanta Schweblin came to China to .

A. pay a visit to Beijing B. translate her stories into Chinese

C. help to make her book more popular
D. publish her collection

（
2
）
When mentioning her Chinese edition, Schweblin thinks .

A. she
suffers
some
doubt
about
the
quality
of
the
translation
B. her
Chinese
edition
is
slightly different from the original one

C. she can understand some parts of her Chinese edition
D. she has a strong belief in her
Chinese edition

（
3
）
From the passage we can tell, the author, .

A. has an appetite for writing something extraordinary
B. got the idea of her story Birds in
the Mouth by design

C. tried to quit describing violent and bloody scenes in her story
D. thinks her writing style is
mainly affected by some famous native novelists

（
4
）
We can probably read the passage in .

A. a textbook B. a newspaper C. a report D. a science fiction

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文为应用文。 主要对英国文学杂志《格兰达》提名的最年轻的西班牙
小说家之一
Samanta Schweblin
及其作品进行了简单的介绍。

（
1
）细节理解题。根据第一段
a Schweblin, …has visited Beijing to promote the first
Chinese edition of a collection of her short stories.
来北京是促销她的第一个中文版的短篇小
说。由此可知，
Samanta
来中国就是为 了让她的书受欢迎。故答案选
C
。

（
2
）细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句
“But
my
Chinese
edition
is
more
like
an
act
of
faith”faith
与
beli ef
是同义词。由此可知，提及她的中文版的书时，她对自己的中文版本很
有信心。故答案选< br>D
。

（
3
）推理判断题。文中第四段提到作者写的故事中关 于平凡生活中突然发生了一些不寻常
的事情，一些新的、奇怪的或未知的事情，她认为这与人们已知世界 有关的，有可能发生
的。第五段与第六段中的女孩吃鸟的故事，第七段中说作者的故事有暴力与血腥的元 素，
她的故事有一种惊悚与神秘。可知作者喜欢写一些不同寻常的东西，分析选项可知
A
项
（渴望写出一些不同寻常的东西）符合题意，故答案选
A
。

（
4
）推理判断题。
Samanta
Schweblin
是英国文学杂志《格兰达》提名的最年轻的西班牙
小说家之一，本文中对她及其作品进行了简单的介绍。 因此可推断出本文有可能在报纸上
看到。故答案选
B
。

【点评】推理题的解题方法

1.
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。
2.
整合全文（段）信息进行推断。
3.
利用语境的褒
贬性进行信息推断。
4.
根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。
5.
根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。

6.
结合已有的知识进行推断。


9
．
阅读理解


In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount
Everest (
珠穆朗玛
).
It was
thought
impossible.
Now researchers
who raised 19
of
the
geese
—
named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads
—
have shown the birds really fly so high.


The
team
trained
the
youngsters
to
fly
in
a
large
wind
tunnel
wearing
backpacks
and
face
masks
full
of
sensors
that
recorded
their
heart
rate.
blood
oxygen
levels,
temperature,
and
metabolic rate
—
how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(
模拟
)10w-,
medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face
masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.

Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And
researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe
more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.

The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-
like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level
—
the geese's heart rate and
frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the
birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could
take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in
eLife
. This cooling likely helps compensate
for the very thin air, the team says.

Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when
wearing
their
backpacks
and
flying
at
6ihigh
altitudes.
So
it's
not
clear
whether
these
adaptations
alone
are
what
make
it
possible
to
fly
the
8
hours
it
takes
to
climb
over
Mount
Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.

（
1
）
Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?

A. To test the flying height and speed of them.

B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.

C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.

D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.

（
2
）
What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?

A. It was carried out at very high altitude.

B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.

C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.

D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.

（
3
）
What still puzzles scientists about the geese?

A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.

B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.

C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.

D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.

（
4
）
Where does the text most probably come from?

A. A science fiction.
B. A climbing guide.
C. A travel brochure.
D. A science report.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛 峰的
顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了
18
只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞 行。结果
发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚
不明确。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的

1953,
a
mountain
climber
reported
seeing
a
bar-
headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible.
报道 说，一名登
山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及

rai sed 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the
birds really fly so high.
现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。 再根据
最后一段中的

the
8
hours
it
takes
to
climb
over
Mount
Everest.
But
those
few
minutes
showed
these
geese
really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.
但是否能让这种鹅飞
8
小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚
不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能 飞过珠峰。故选
B
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的

wind
tunnel
experiments
showed
that
when
the
concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same
even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely
helps
comp
可知

风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率 保持不变，
即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，
...这种降温可能
有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的

in the air a few minutes-or less ...
尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。 这两
处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选
C
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的

what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.
可知，目前尚不
清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行< br>8
小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选
D
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶
峰。为了证 实是否可能，研究人员养了
18
只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果
发现这 种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚
不明确。由此可知本文 属于科普文章。故选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的 考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进
行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。





10
．
阅读理解

Taxi-booking app Uber agreed to sell its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The two firms had
been fierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chinese market with an 87% share.

Uber China launched in 2014, but it had failed to make any profit for a long time. Cheng Wei,
founder and
chief executive
of
Didi Chuxing,
said
the
two
companies
had
learned a
great
deal
from each other over the past two years in China. He added that the deal would set the mobile
transportation industry on a healthier path of growth at a higher level. As part of the deal, Mr.
Cheng would join the board of Uber, while Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick would also join
Didi's board.


Uber's
China
business
would
own
its
separate
branding
while
US-based
Uber
Technologies
would hold about 17.5% in the combined company. Didi Chuxing is backed by Chinese Internet
giants Tencent and Alibaba.


Uber
had
been
struggling
to
break
into
the
Chinese
market
despite
having
Chinese
search
engine
Baidu
as
an
investor.
Last
February,
the
company
admitted
it
was
losing
more
than
$$1
billion
a
year
in
China.
“Funding
their
Chinese
dreams
was
becoming
too
expensive
for
Uber,”
Duncan Clark, chairman of Beijing-
based consultancy BDA, told the BBC. Travis Kalanick said, “As a
businessman,
I've
learned
that
being
successful
is
about
listening
to
your
head
as
well
as
following your heart.”

The fierce competition had led both companies to spend much more on their journeys. The
combination is likely to see fewer such subsidies
（补贴）
. “One thing to watch carefully is how
quickly consumers feel the impact as subsidies are withdrawn.” Mr. Clark added.

The deal with Didi Chuxing came just days after China had agreed to provide a legal framework
for taxi- ordering apps. Both Uber and Didi welcomed the decision. The new rules took effect last
November and could, among other things, forbid such platforms to operate below cost.

（
1
）
According to the second paragraph, what can we know?

A. Being
successful
is
about
listening
to
your
head
and
following
your
heart.
B. The
deal
would make the mobile transportation industry grow much faster.

C. Didi Chuxing had learnt more in China than Uber over the
past two years.
D. Mr. Cheng
would be working as a member of the board of Uber as planned.

（
2
）
What is the best title of the passage?

A. Uber sold Chinese business to Didi Chuxing
B. Using Didi Chuxing brings more subsidies

C. Listen to your head and follow your heart
D. The new rules took effect last November

（
3
）
What is the impact of the fierce competition between Uber and Didi?

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