-名人诚信故事

2021年1月23日发(作者：高一期末考试成绩)
高一英语阅读理解试题
(
有答案和解析
)
及解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解


Nothing good generally comes of a conversation that start with the words,
probably sit down before I tell you this.”


And
so
it
came
to
pass.
Away
for
Christmas,
we
got
a
call
from
kind
friends
at
home,
our
neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but
the smoke very much did.

It's weeks of either throwing out, or sending away for specialist cleaning, every single thing into
which smoke could have permeated(
渗透
)because the particles(
微粒
) are an ongoing health risk
and washing isn't enough. Anything soft
—
sofas and carpets and children's teddy bears, clothes
—
is suspected. We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.

What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky. Friends and neighbours have come together
with
incredible
generosity.
We
will
never
again
underestimate
the
closeness
of
the
village
community
in
which
we
live,
or
the
innate
kindness
that
is
most
people's
natural
reaction
to
trouble, and are grateful to be reminded of so much that is good. But that's not the only thing I've
learned. For in a sense, we have a chance to start again.

The surprise on being forced to think about what might urgently need replacing is how short
the list of essentials seems; how much we must have been hanging on to out of habit, and how
much we have been conditioned to think was important.

It's all too easily assumed that family history lives in tangible(
有形的
)things
—
old photographs,
a dress bought decades ago for a night heavy with memories
—
but that's not quite right. These
things were only reminders of what we already carry with us in head and heart.

Walking through the house, sweeping up the broken glass, I realised that the answer to the old
question
of

would
you
save
in
a
fire?

is
actually
that
nothing
really
matters
but
each
other.

（
1
）
What happened to the author's house?

caught a fire.

was affected by a fire.

was broken into by friends.

windows were broken.

（
2
）
What does the underlined word

ing that may be damaged.

ing that may not be genuine.

ing that may not be so good.

ing that may be dangerous.

（
3
）
What did the author expect to feel?

around him were cold to others' trouble.

friends and neighbours were so generous.

in his community were close to each other.

was so lucky to find much that was good.

（
4
）
How will the author probably feel when the New Year finally comes?

d.

sed.

d.

ted.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都 需要
清理，但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩。作者感
受 到拥有彼此才是最重要的。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were
out.
The
fire
didn't
spread
to
our
house
but
the
smoke
very
much
did.”
；第三段中的
“every
single
thing
into
which
smoke
could
have
permeated”
可知邻居家在外出时着火了， 虽然火没
有蔓延到作者家，但烟殃及了房子，作者家的房子受到了影响。故选
B
。

（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的
“every
single
thing
into
which
smoke
could
have
permeated(
渗透
)because
the
particles(
微粒
)
are
an
ongoing
health
risk
and
washing
isn't
enough.”
可知每件被烟雾渗透的物品 都要专门清洗或扔掉，因为那些微粒威胁健康，有的
仅清洗是不行的。此句涉及的那些柔软的东西被认为 可能是被污染损害的东西，
suspected
指的就是这些东西。故选
A
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky.”
作
者没想到的是自己家很幸运，下文提到朋友们和邻居们都提供了帮助，作者从中感受到了
他 们的善良。由此推知作者原来认为的是人们会对别人家的困难很冷漠，故选
A
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“We
will
be
seeing
in
the
New
Year
in
a
decidedly
minimalist
fash ion.”
可知作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都需要清理，作者认为
即将到来的新 年肯定是简约的。但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善
良，对他们感恩；再根据最后 一段中的
“I realised that the answer to the old question of ‘What
would you save in a f
ire? ’ is actually that nothing really matters but each other.”
作者感受到拥有
彼此才是最重要的。这些 说明作者是满足的，故选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解， 词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文 的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选
出正确答案。


2
．
阅读理解


Some
of
the
best
research
on
daily
experience
is
rooted
in
rates
of
positive
and
negative
interactions,
which
has
proved
that
being
blindly
positive
or
negative
can
cause
others
to
be
frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.


Over
the
last
two
decades,
scientists
have
made
remarkable
predictions
simply
by
watching
people
interact
with
one
another
and
then
scoring
the
conversations
based
on
the
rate
of
positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from
the
likelihood
that
a
couple
will
divorce
to
the
chances
of
a
work
team
with
high
customer
satisfaction and productivity levels.


More
recent
research
helps
explain
why
these
brief
exchanges
matter
so
much.
When
you
experience
negative
emotions
as
a
result
of
criticism
or
rejection,
for
example,
your
body
produces
higher
levels
of
the
stress
hormone,
which
shuts
down
much
of
your
thinking
and
activates (
激活
) conflict and defense mechanisms (
机制
). You assume that situations are worse
than they actually are.


When
you
experience
a
positive
interaction,
it
activates
a
very
different
response.
Positive
exchanges increase your body's production of oxytocin, a feel-good that increases your ability to
communicate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are
less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.

We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange.
Bad
moments
simply
outweigh
good
ones.
Whether
you're
having
a
conversation,
keep
this
simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what's
going right.


Workplaces,
for
example,
often
see
this.
During
performance
reviews,
managers
routinely
spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly
20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a
person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the
remaining time to address weaknesses.

（
1
）
The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means


A. stop listening
B. change one's mind
C. sing aloud
D. be crazy

（
2
）
What will happen if you experience negative emotions?

A. The situations are sure to become worse.
B. Much of your thinking will be prevented.

C. You
will
feel
an
urge
to
improve
and
become
better.
D. You'll
be
motivated
to
resolve
conflicts with people.

（
3
）
From Paragraph 4, we can learn that

A. we
need
a
positive
feeling
to
beat
one
negative
feeling
B. positive
interactions
have
greater effects than negative ones

C. our
conversation
should
center
on
what
needs
improvement
D. the
effect
of
negative
feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones

（
4
）
What is the best title for the passage?

A. Harmful Negatives
B. More Positive Interactions

C. How to Be a Productive Manager D. Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。 主要讲述通过一些关于日常经验的研究证明，当你因为
批评或遭到拒绝而经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产 生较高水平的应激激素，它关闭了你的
思维，激活冲突和防御的机制。而当你体验到积极的互动时，积极 的交流会增加你与他人
沟通、合作和信任的能力。但是积极的影响不如消极的影响更持久，它需要三到五 个积极
的互动才能去掉一个负面互动。这给我们一个启示，在谈话时尽可能多的积极互动，才会
调动人的积极性。

（
1
）考查猜测词义题。根据第一段中的内容可知，一些 关于日常经验的最好研究是建立在
积极和消极互动率的基础上的，这证明了盲目的积极或消极会使其他人 感到沮丧或烦恼，
或者干脆把不理睬。分析选项的内容可知
A
项符合题意。

（
2
）考查细节理解题。根据第三段中的中间部分
“When
you
experience
negative
emotions
as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress
hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates
（激活）
conflict and defense
mechanisms
（机制）
.”
可知，你经历负面 情绪时，你的身体会产生较高水平的应激激素，
它关闭了你的思维机制和激活你的防御机制。由此可判断
B
项是正确的。

（
3
）考查细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句
“But the effects of a positive occurr
ence are less
dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.”
可知，积极面事件的影响不如消极的影
响更持久。由此判断出< br>D
项正确。

（
4
）考查主旨大意题。通读全文可知，一些关 于日常经验的研究证明，当你因为批评或遭
到拒绝而经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产生较高水平的应激激 素，它关闭了你的思维，激
活冲突和防御的机制。而当你体验到积极的互动时，

积极 的交流会增加你与他人沟通、合
作和信任的能力。但是积极的影响不如消极的影响更持久，它需要三到五 个积极的互动才
能去掉一个负面互动。这给我们一个启示，在谈话时尽可能多的积极互动，才会调动人的
积极性。分析选项可知
B
项正确。

【点评】科普文客观题的解题方 法
1.“
找
”
。读完材料，审完题干
(
题干不可不审清)
，可根据
题干确定选项的大致范围，开始找与选项相对应的句子，然后再进行合理的想象 、推理及
判断。有时候选项的语句散见于文章的各处，也一定找准原句。
2.“
比”
。比较时重在关注意
思、关注逻辑关系。有时需要统观全篇，不能只盯住一处。
3.“
判断
”
。推断时，切不可只凭
主观臆断，一定要找到确切的根据，找到 合理的解释。


3
．
阅读理解

Parents may think they're smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter.
Nearly 60,000 young children are rushed to the hospital every year after getting into medicines
not meant for them, according to a new report from Safe Kids Worldwide.

The report finds little connection between what parents know about storing medicines safely
and what they actually do. Nine out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and
away out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that. They leave medicines
out on kitchen counters, sinks and sofas, believing babies and toddlers(
学步者
)aren't tall enough
or strong enough to reach them. Unfortunately, they probably can. Children as young as a month
have
ended
up
in
an
emergency
department
because
they'd
been
poisoned
by
getting
into
a
medicine that was left within reach.

Most poisonings related to medicines---particularly among babies and toddlers---occur within
their
home.
Kids
develop
rapidly
and
they
want
to
explore
their
environment.
At
certain
ages
they
have
a
lot
of
hand- to-mouth
activity,
and
so
it's
very
common
for
them
to
explore
their
environment and then try to taste what they find.

The new Safe Kids worldwide report includes a survey of 2,000 parents with children under age
6. While the number of children visiting an emergency department for accidental poisonings had
declined since the 2010 maximum, the decline has slowed in recent years.

Prescription and over-the-counter medicines cause the most severe poisonings, but vitamins
and supplements(
补充品
)can also cause problems. There are steps families can take to lower the
risk for an accidental medicine poisoning.

（
1
）
Why are children poisoned according to the text?

A. Some of the medicines at home taste nice.

B. There is something poisonous in medicines.

C. Kids have easy access to medicines at home..

D. Kids are curious to explore the environment

（
2
）
What can we learn from the text?

A. Vitamins and supplements can do good to kids.

B. The team made a survey of 2,000 kids under age 6.

C. 600 parents surveyed could keep medicines properly.

D. Kids are usually smart at storing medicines at home.

（
3
）
What could be the best title for the text?

A. Parents' Casual Behavior Leads to Kids Poisoned

B. The Number of Kids Poisoned Has Declined Lately

C. Nearly 60,000 Children Are Poisoned by Medicines

D. Kids Are Facing the Risk of Being Poisoned at Home

【答案】

（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，介绍了由于父母存放药品不当导致孩子药物 中毒
的调查结果。

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“
At
certain
ages
they
have
a
lot
of
hand
-to-mouth
activity,
and
so
it's
very
common
for
them
to
explore their
environment
and
then
try
to
taste
what
they
find.”
在一定的年龄,
他们有很多的手和嘴活动
,
所以他们很容易去探索他们的环境
,
然后尝试品尝他们发现的东西在家里
,
他们很容易碰到药品，故选
C
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“Parents
m
ay
think
they're
smart
about
where
they
store medicines, but their kids are smarter. ”
父母可能会认为他们很聪明，他们在哪 里储存药
品，但他们的孩子更聪明。故选
D
。

（
3
）
考
查
主
旨
大
意
。
根
据
倒
数
第
三
段
中
的
“Most
poisonings
related
to
medicines
---
particularly among babies and toddlers---
occur within their home.”
很多 中毒事件是发生在家中
的，再根据文章大意，故选
A
。

【点评】本 题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考
生准确掌握细节信息，并根 据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解

Home from the Navy, I started school at Greenville College in my hometown of Illinois. I'd been
out of high school for four years, but my high school headmaster, Mr. Gardner, invited me to a
Valentine's Day dance party at school. The thought of seeing my former teachers was exciting. So
I agreed.

When Friday came, I cleaned up, dressed up and drove to the high school gym. I chatted with
my
teachers
and
approached
Mr.
Gardner
to
thank
him
before
leaving.
Just
then,
the
band
started playing and a young girl stood up to sing. One look at and I was crazy
—
I had never seen
such a beautiful girl!


I
asked
Mr.
Gardner
who
she
was,
and
he
answered,
“That's
Marilyn
Riley,
Cut
Riley's
daughter.” I was shocked to say the least. They lived just around the corner from me. I walked
across the gym floor to introduce myself, “Hi, I'm Jack Joseph.”


“I know who you are,” was her not
-too-friendly response.


“Would you like to dance?” I asked. “No! I'm working,” she shot back.


“Can I call you next week for a movie date?” I asked. “No,” was her response.

For the next month I phoned, trying to set up a date. She always had the same answer: No.
then one rainy afternoon in March as I was driving home after basketball practice, I saw Marilyn,
walking with no umbrella, no raincoat, no hat. I pulled alongside her and asked if she needed a
ride, half expecting her to say no. instead, she stepped over the roadside and sat down on the
seat next to me. It was only a few blocks to her house, but after pulling into her driveway we
talked for 45minutes. It was magic from then on.

（
1
）
Why did Jack decide to attend the party?

A. The party was hold to welcome him back home.
B. Marilyn would be introduced to him at
the party.

C. He
could
meet
some
of
his
former
teachers
there.
D. They
gathered
there
to
celebrate
Valentine's Day.

（
2
）
What was the author's attitude towards the party?

A. Casual
B. Formal
C. Passive
D. worried

（
3
）
We can infer from the text that __________.

A. Jack once served in the army after high school
B. it took Jack 45 minutes to drive Marilyn
home

C. Jack
and
Marilyn
were
familiar
with
each
other
D. it
was
Marilyn's
cold
attitude
that
interested Jack

（
4
）
How would the story most probably develop in the end?

A. Marilyn would fall in love with Jack
B. Jack would make great achievements in college

C. Marilyn would become a famous singer
D. Jack would have frequent conflicts with Marilyn

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文，作者在海军退役后参加情人聚会，在聚会上他见到
了一个漂亮的女孩，于是开始追求那个女孩，但是 被女孩拒绝了，有一天下大雨，作者送
那个女孩回家，在路上他们聊了
45
分钟，作者 认为那次送女孩回家是魔法的开始。

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
“The
thought
of
seeing
my
former
teachers
was
exciting.
So
I
agreed.”
想到能看到我以前的老师很令人兴奋。所以我同意了。故选
C
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据
“When Friday came, I cleaned up, dressed up and drove to the high
school
gym.
”
星期五来的时候，我打扫干净，穿上衣服。因为 作者在出发前认真地整理仪
表，说明他把这一切当得很认真，故选
B
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据
“Home
from
the
Navy,
I
started
school
at
Greenville
College
in
my
hometown of Illinois. ”
我从海军回到家乡，在我的家乡伊利诺伊州 的格林维尔学院上学。推
断出我之前当过海军，故选
A
。

（
4
）考查推理判断。，根据
“It was magic from then on.”
他认为这是魔法的开始，两个人可
能坠入爱情河，故选
A
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生准
确掌握 细节信息，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。


5
．
阅读理解

There's a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World.
Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the
lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too --- that's why it made Nov 16th


But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance
consequence
of
humanity.
We
are
all
formed
of
frailty
(
脆弱
)
and
error;
let
us
pardon
each
other's fool --- that is the first law of nature.

Very often, people don't realize that they're intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to
do with ignorance. For example, the UN's campaign is in part about the treatment of females by
males.
But
often,
the
behavior
of
men
toward
women
is
intolerant
because
men
don't
put
themselves in the shoes of women.


It's
worth
thinking
a
little
about
the
words

and

Are
they
the
best
words to describe the evils of which we're speaking here? To agree to be
isn't
necessarily
a
very
respectful
thing.
When
someone
is
tolerated,
it
implies
that
there's
something wrong with them.

Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that
we
all
share.
That's
the
reason
we
should
be
tolerant.
It's
a
little
like
generosity.
We
can
give
things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.

（
1
）
What's the purpose of the UN

A. To arouse people's awareness of tolerance among people. B. To celebrate the founding of
the UN.

C. To
solve
the
problem
of
global
warming.
D. To
change
peopled
opinion
towards
globalization.

（
2
）
Why do men behave intolerantly towards women?

A. Because men don't realize the purpose of the UN. B. Because men are physically stronger
than women.

C. Because
men
don't
appreciate
the
shoes
of
women. D. Because
men
are
not
willing
to
understand women.

（
3
）
Why is it meaningless to use the words

A. Because they are hard to pronounce in English. B. Because they don't express the exact
meaning people refer to.

C. Because they can't be translated into other languages. D. Because they can't be used in a
respectful way.

（
4
）
In what sense is

A. Humans are advised to treat others better. B. Humans leant to find faults in others.

C. Humans
need
to
give
something
to
others, D. Humans
will
change
their
attitudes
to
others.

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明 文，介绍了

国际宽容日

，联合国

国际宽容日

的目的
是唤起人们对宽容的意识。

（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Ma
rley
understood
that
part
of
the
reason
why
there
are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands
this too ---
that's why it made Nov 16th 'International Day for Tolerance'.”
可推断，世界上的人
们缺乏包容，因此联合国把< br>11
月
16
日设置为
“
国际宽容日
”
是为了 唤起人们的包容意识。
故选
A
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“But
often,
the
behavior
of
men
toward
women
is
intolerant because men don't put themselves in the shoes of women.”
可知，男性对女性 不包容
是因为他们不愿意设身处地的为女性着想，不愿意理解她们。故选
D
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
“Are
they
the
best
words
to
describe
the
ev
ils
of
which
we're
speaking
here?
To
agree
to
be
'tolerant'
of
someone
isn't
necessarily
a
very
respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there's something wrong with them.”
可知，对某人宽容并不一 定是一件值得尊重的事情，某人如果被包容，就暗示着某人有问
题，因此推断使用
“
宽 容
”
或者
“
不宽容
”
是没有意义的，因为它们不能准确表达 人们所指的
意思。故选
B
。

（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“It's
a
little
like
generosity.
We
can
give
things
to
another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.”
可推断，在我们给与别人谅 解时，宽容
有点像慷慨。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断 题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的
逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案 。


6
．
阅读理解

Mrs. Jones was my first patient when I started medical school
—
and I owe her a lot.


She
was
under
my
care
for
the
first
two
years
of
my
medical
training,
yet
I
knew very
little
about her, except that she was thin, perhaps in her mid 70s. It might seem rather negligent not to
know the basic facts of my patient ,but I had a valid reason
—
Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been
dead for about three years before I made a patient of her. Mrs. Jones was the dead body that I
dissected
（解剖）
over the first two years of my medical training.

Of course, her name wasn't really Mrs. Jones, but it seemed a little impolite to be conducting
research into someone's body without even knowing its name, so out of courtesy, I thought she
should have one. “Me and Mrs. Jones, we've got a thing going on,” went the song coming out of
the radio as I unzipped the bag of her on my first day
—
and so she was christened.

As
the
months
passed,
I soon
forgot
that
Mrs.
Jones
had,
in
fact,
once
been
alive. One
day,
though,
she
suddenly
became
very
human
again.
I'd
been
dissecting
Mrs.
Jones
a
good
18
months before I got around to the uterus
（子宫）
. After I'd removed it, the professor came up
to m
e, “If you look at the opening carefully, you'll see that the angle indicates that this woman
has
had
several
children,
probably
three.”
I
stared
at
it,
and
I
suddenly
felt
very
strange.
This
woman,
who
had
given
me
something
incredibly
precious
that
I'd
begun
to
take
for
granted,
wasn't a dead body. She was a person, a mother, in fact.


At
my
graduation,
the
same
professor
came
over
to
congratulate
me.
I
explained
the
story
about Mrs. Jones to him, and recalled what he'd told me about her having children and how that
had affected me all those years ago.


“Well,” he said, “at the beginning of your training you had a dead body and managed to turn it
into a person. Now you're a doctor, the trick is to have a person and not turn them into a dead
body,” an
d he laughed, shook my hand and walked away.

（
1
）
Why didn't the author know much about Mrs. Jones?

A. Because he was irresponsible for his patients.

B. Because he wasn't allowed to ask for her privacy.

C. Because he didn't know her until she passed away.

D. Because he was too careless while dissecting her.

（
2
）
How did Mrs. Jones get her name?

A. It was passed down from the seniors of my school.

B. It came from a song being played when we first met.

C. She was named after a well-known singer I liked best

D. It just occurred to me when I opened the bag of her.

（
3
）
What could be the author's feeling for Mrs. Jones now?

A. Grateful.
B. Pitiless.
C. Hateful.
D. Guilty.

（
4
）
What did the professor imply by his words in the last paragraph?

A. Medical students are able to bring the dead back to life.

B. Being a doctor has nothing to do with the medical training.

C. Good doctors never fail to save their patients from dying.

D. Medical staff ought to have respect for life and humanity.

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文，作者讲述了和琼斯夫人之间的故事，说明了医务人
员应该尊敬生命和人道。

(1)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“It might seem rather negligent not to know the basic facts
of my patient ,but I had a valid reason
—
Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been dead for about three
years before I made a patient of her.”
可知琼斯 夫人在去世后，把遗体捐给了医学院，所以在
她去世之前，作者并不认识她，故选
C
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“‘Me and Mrs. Jones, we've got a thing going on,’ went the
song
coming
out
of
the
radio
as
I
unzipped
the
bag
of
her
on
my
first
day
—

and
so
she
was < br>christened.”
可知当我们第一次见面的时候，收音机里正在播放一首歌《我和琼斯夫 人》，
她就这样被命名了，故选
B
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“Mrs.
Jones
was
my
first
patient
when
I
started
medical
school
—and I owe her a lot.”
可知现在，我对琼斯夫人充满感激，故选
A
。

(4)
考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“he
said,
‘at
the
b
eginning
of
your
training
you
had
a
dead
body
and
managed
to
turn
it
into
a
person.
Now
you're
a
doctor,
the
trick
is
to
have
a
person and not turn them into a dead body,’ and he laughed, shook my hand and walked away.”
可知教授说得这段话的意思是：
“在你刚开始训练解剖尸体的时候，你要设法把尸体变成一
个人。现在，你成为一名医生了，窍门就是 不要把人变成尸体。
”
这名教授说得这些话暗含
的意思是医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道 ，故选
D
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是 一篇故事类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。



7
．
阅读理解

Mexico sites on an island plateau (
高原
) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality
a constant concern for people who live there.

In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary
ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city
one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles,
public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.

Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more
than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the
city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city
ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway
rides.

Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air
quality.
India,
whose
citizens
breathe
some
of
the
world's
dirtiest
air,
has
tried
a
variety
of
solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new- car purchases.


Beijing
also
has
experience
with
cleaning
the
air.
The
city
introduced
alternate-day
rules
in
advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London
congestion
(
拥挤
)
charge,
introduced
in
2003.
The
charge
has
had
a
measurable
effect
on
air
quality.

For now, Mexico City
—
named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in
1992
—
can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo
clean the air.

（
1
）
How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city?

A. By
banning
private
and
Federal
vehicles
one
day
a
week.
B. By
forbidding
private
and
public vehicles every Saturday.

C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.

（
2
）
What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles?

A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides.

C. Introduced more travel options.
D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city.

（
3
）
What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico?

A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.

（
4
）
What's the best title for the passage?

A. Mexico
—
an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico

C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones
D. How to Improve Air Quality

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明 文，墨西哥墨西哥政府为了提高空气质量，在实施车辆
禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。他们希望城市应该是 无车区。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving
air
quality
by
enacting
a
temporary
ban
on
private
and
Federal
vehicles
in
the
city.
The
rule
forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month.”
可知，
墨西哥是通过每周有一天禁止私人和联邦车辆来禁止车辆进入 城市的。故选
A
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the
streets and also offered f
ree bus and subway rides.”
可知，墨西哥政府在实施车辆禁令时提供
免费巴士和地铁。故选
B
。

(3)
考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最中的
“The
charge
has
had
a
measurable
effect
on
air
quality.”
可知，拥挤费有助于改善墨西哥的空气质 量。故选
D
。

(4)
考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的
“For now, Mexico City —
named by the United Nations as
the most polluted city on the planet in 1992
—
can look forward to the start of the region's rainy
season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air.”
可知，城市应该是无车区。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅
读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确
答案。



8
．
阅读理解


Dutch
beachcomber
(
海滩拾荒者
)
Wim
Kruiswijk
has
accumulated
a
collection
of
1,200
messages-in- bottles over the course of nearly 4 decades and has responded to almost all of them,


68-year-old
Kruiswijk
says
that
his
unusual
hobby
began
in
1983
when
he
found
three
drift
bottles (
漂流瓶
) on his local beach, each containing letters and return addresses. He wrote to all
three
addresses
and was
surprised
to
receive responses
from
each
one.
It was
this
experience
that
aroused
his
interest
in
hunting
and
collecting
messages
in
bottles,
and
he
hasn't
stopped
looking for them since.


“I
find
my
messages
in
bottles
on
the
beach
of
Zandvoort,
where
I
live,
and
on
the
Dutch
Islands,” Kruiswijk recently told
Great Big Story
. “Messages in bottles is slow mail. It takes you
days, or weeks
, or months to find a bottle. ”

In the early years, Kruiswijk would find as many as 50 bottles a year, but since 2000 that has
slowed to around 20-30 finds, mainly due to beach cleaning efforts. He believes that the rise of
the Internet has also played a role in the diminishing number of messages in bottles, telling Dutch
newssite PZC, “I used to get a response at half the bottle messages that I answered. Now that's
less; many people want 'instant satisfaction'.”

Throwing a message in a bottle out into the sea is a longstanding human tradition dating back
to
the
time
of
the
Greek
philosopher
Theophrastus,
about
310
BC
，
who
used
the
bottles
to
study water currents. Scientists still apply the method to this day, as a means to help researchers
develop ocean circulation maps, and to crowdsource scientific studies of ocean currents.

In the past bottles have also been used to send distress messages from sailors in trouble. They
also have been used for memorial tributes, or to send loved ones' ashes on a final journey. One of
the more common uses though is just to send invitations out to prospective pen pals, a quaint
notion in these modern times, but, as Kruiswijk so clearly shows, an effective one.

（
1
）
What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?

A. Kruiswijk
found
secrets
hidden
in
drift
bottles.
B. What
made
Kruiswijk
become
a
beachcomber.

C. How Kruiswijk formed the hobby of collecting drift bottles.
D. Kruiswijk liked to do some
research on bottles thrown into the sea.

（
2
）
How did Kruiswijk feel the first time he received response from drift bottles?

A. Satisfied. B. Asionished. C. Frightened. D. Disappointed.

（
3
）
Why do Kruiswijk find fewer drift bottles than before?

A. People
hate
to
receive
messages
from
strangers.
B. Many
drift
bottles
have
not
been
washed up onto the beaches.

C. Drift bottles appearing on the beach are cleared up rapidly.
D. Fewer people are interested
in Kruiswijk's message in bottles.

（
4
）
What's the purpose of Theophrastus using the bottles?

A. To ask for rescue.
B. To look for a pen pal.

C. To study ocean currents.
D. To send a message to his loved person.

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻 报道，漂流瓶是一个长期存在的人类传统，一直被用于
发送遇险信息，纪念亲人或发邀请函，还用于帮助 研究人员进行洋流的研究。

(1)
考查段落大意。第二段主要讲述了
68< br>岁的
Kruiswijk
的不寻常的爱好始于
1983
，当他在
当地的海滩发现三个有信件和回信地址的漂流瓶，他给每个漂流瓶留的地址都写了回信，
却惊讶地收到 了每个人的回复。所以这种经历激起了他对瓶装的信息的搜集。由此可知本
段主要描写了
Kru iswijk
如何养成了收集漂流瓶的嗜好。故选
C
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“He … was surprised to receive responses from each one”
可
知，当他收到 回信后他是非常惊讶的。
surprised“
惊讶的
”
，与
asi onished
是同义词。故选
B
。

(3)
考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“but
since
2000
th
at
has
slowed
to
around
20-30
finds,
mainly due to beach cleaning efforts. He believes that the rise of the Internet has also played a
role in the diminishing number of messages in bottles”
可知，主 要是由于清洁海滩的努力，以
及互联网的兴起也对漂流瓶数量的减少起到了作用。故选
C
。

(4)
考查细节理解。根据第五段中的
“the
time
of
the
Greek
philosopher
Theophrastus,
about
310 BC, who used the bottles to study water currents. Scientists still apply the method to this day,
as
a
means
to
help
researchers
develop
ocean
circulation
maps,
and
to
crowdsource
scientific
studies
of
o
cean
currents.”
可知，在公元前
310
年的希腊哲学家西奥弗拉特斯时期，用瓶子
来研究海洋水流， 而且科学家现在仍在用。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判 断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报
道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析， 推理，概括和归纳，从而选出
正确答案。



9
．
阅读理解



Even
if you've
never
been
to
Phoenix, you
know
this
about
the
place
It's
hot.
From
June
to
September,
the
temperature
can
easily
surpass
the
century
mark.
But
that
doesn't
stop
hikers
from attempting the 1.3-mile hiking to the top of the city's famed Camelback Mountain. Signs
warn that the trail is
liter
of
water
per
person.
And
if
you're
still
not
stopped,
another
sign
farther
up
declares:

you're halfway through your water, turn around!

Unfortunately, many people to not take the warnings seriously. Fortunate y, Scott Cullymore
does. The 53-year-old Cullymore can be found hiking up and down Camelback a couple of times a
day, giving out cold bottles of water to worn-out hikers. He has helped hydrate so many hikers
that he has earned a heavenly nickname: the Water Angel.

Cullymore was on Camelback Mountain one day in 2015 when a British tourist died after being
lost
for
nearly
six
hours
in
the
July
heat.
That
experience
inspired
him
to
start
helping
people
caught unaware by the cruelty of Mother Nature.
overestimate what they can do, and they get themselves in trouble.

One hiker who was offered water agrees.
here in the desert and it surrounds you like a blanket,
high
school
friend.
They
were
lucky,
he
said
pointing
to
Cullymore.

ran
into
this
Good
Samaritan here.

（
1
）
What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. The risks involved in the hiking.
B. The seriousness of the warnings.

C. The distribution of signs that warn hikers. D. The influence of the temperature on hikers.

（
2
）
Why did some hikers on Camelback Mountain get in trouble?

A. They were not well trained in hiking.

B. They forgot to take enough water with them.

C. They were too optimistic about the situation.

D. They were not fit enough to hike the mountain.

（
3
）
What can we know about Austin Hill?

A. He agreed to help others. B. He was saved by Cullymore.

C. He hiked alone in the desert. D. He regretted taking a blanket.

（
4
）
What is the best title for the text?

A. The Camelback Mountain B. Surviving the Heat

C. Hikers in Need D. The Water Angel

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，远足者低估夏日的
Camelback
Mountain
同时高估自
己的能力，所以在远足途中遇到麻烦，
Cul lymore
了解情况后决定帮助他们。
Cullymore
通
过在炎炎夏日 给那些远足者提供水而被人们亲切地称为
“
水天使
”
。


（
1
）考查段落大意。根据第一段中的
”From
June
to
September,
the
temperature
can
easily
surpass the century mark“
；
”Signs warn that the trail is ‘extremely difficult’“
；
”If you continue
,
a posted checklist suggests at least a liter of water per person. “
和
“If you're halfway through your
water, turn around!”
可知在夏天去
Camelback Mountain
远足是非常艰难的，原因有两个：一
个是温度很高，另一个是水。

故选
A
。


（
2
）
考
查
细
节
理
解
。
根
据
第
三
段
中
的
”They
underestimate
the
mountain,
and
they
overestimate w
hat they can do, and they get themselves in t rouble.“
可知人们低估了这座山，
同时高估了自己的能力，因此他们陷入麻烦中，即对 情况感到过于乐观导致他们涉险。故
选
C
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
”They were lucky, he said pointing to Cullymore. ‘We
ran
into
this
Good
Samaritan
here.’”
可知
Austin
Hill
说他们很幸运，因为他 们遇到了
Cullymore
这个乐善好施的人，故推测
Cullymore
救了他。故选
B
。


（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的
“He
has
helped
hydrate
so
many
hikers
that
he
has
earned a heavenly nickname: the Water Angel.”
和最后一段中的
“And with that, the Water Angel
goes
in
search
of
another
hiker
in
need.”
以及文章主要内容可知，本文主要叙述了
Cullymore
通过在山 上给登山者发水来帮助他们，从而得到
“
水天使
”
的昵称，即本文主要讲述< br>“
水天
使
”
的故事。故选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇故事 类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归 纳，从而选出正确答案。


10
．
阅读理解

The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years. In 1721, the printer
James Franklin, Benjamin's older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what
we
might
recognize
today
as
a
real
newspaper.
He
filled
his
paper
with
stories
of
adventure,
articles on art, on famous people, and on all sorts of political subjects.


Three
centuries
after
the
appearance
of
Franklin's
Courant,
few
believe
that
newspapers
in
their present printed form will remain alive for long, Newspaper companies are losing advertisers,
readers, market value, and in some cases, their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have
been
imaginable
just
several
years
ago.
The
chief
editor
of
the
Times
said
recently,
“At
places
where they gather, editors ask one another, 'How are you?', as if they have just come out of the
hospital
or
a
lost
law
case.”
An
ar
ticle
about
the
newspaper
appealed
on
the
website
of
the
Guardian, under the headline “NOT DEAD YET.”

Perhaps not, but the rise of the Internet, which has made the daily newspaper look slow and
out of step with the world, has brought about a real sense of death, Some American newspapers
have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years. The New York Times Company has
seen its stock
（股票）
drop by 54% since the end of 2004, with much of the loss coming in the
past year. A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stock - holders sell off their Times stock.
The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to
education; its testing and test
—
preparation service now brings in at least half the company's
income,

（
1
）
What can we learn about the New England Courant?

A. It is mainly about the stock market.
B. It carries articles by political leaders.

C. It marks the beginning of newspapers.
D. It remains a successful newspaper in America.

（
2
）
What can we infer about the newspaper editors?

A. They often accept readers' suggestions.
B. They caw a lot about each other's health.

C. They stop doing business with advertisers.
D. They face great difficulties in their business.

（
3
）
Which of the following found a new way for its development?

A. the Washington Post.
B. The Guardian.

C. The New York Tinier. D. New England Courant.

（
4
）
How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers”?

A. Satisfied. B. Hopeful. C. Surprised. D. Worried.

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明 文，介绍了美国报纸的由来，以及现在面临的挑战和做
出的调整。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“the
printer
James
Franklin,
Benjamin's
older
brother,
started
the
New
England
Courant,
and
that
was
what
we
might
recognize
today
as
a
real
newspaper.”
可知，
James Franklin
创办的
New England Courant
就是我们今天所知 的真正的报
纸，也就标志着美国报业的开始，故选
C
。

(2)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“Newspaper
companies
are
losing
advertisers,
readers,
market
value”
可知，报社正在逐渐失去广 告商，读者和市场价值，以及后面编辑的话

places where they gather, editors ask one another, 'How are you?', as if they have just come out
of the hospital or a lost law case.
，编辑们现在见面聊天的时候都会互相问候
“
你还好吗
”
仿佛
刚出院或输了一场官司，其实隐含的意思就是因为报纸业的不景气， 编辑们现在正面临着
困难，所以这个问候应该是你们报社生意怎么样？故选
D
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据最后一段可知，找到一种新的发展方式的是
The
Washington
Post
《华盛顿邮报》。故选
A
。

(4)
考查 推理判断。通读全文，作者列举了报业所面临的种种问题，可以判断作者对此很担
忧。故选
D< br>。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考 生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。



11
．
阅读理解

Sometimes we start a day with the previous day still in mind. We think about the mistakes we
made in the previous day, how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about it. No wonder it
becomes difficult to focus on the current day.

Here are some steps on how to start your new day fresh:


⒈
Take time to evaluate your day

At the end of a day, take some time to think about it. The purpose of this thinking time is not to
regret
how
bad your
day was,
how
things
went
wrong,
or
how
people
treated
you
badly.
This
won't do you any good. Instead, the purpose of this thinking time is to extract
（吸取）
lessons
which you can bring to the following day.


⒉
Make a commitment to apply the lessons

After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find
some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons. Next, remind yourself to do them. You
may write them down if you want to.


⒊
“Close” your day

After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision
to “close” the day. You are done with it; don't think about it anymore.

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