高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题--附答案
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2021年01月23日 09:18
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阅读理解专项突破
III
词义猜测
【命题特点】
考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力
,
突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。
【常见考法】
1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.
2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.
3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.
4. Which of the following
is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?
5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?
6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.
7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?
8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.
一．通过定义或解释推测语义
有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语 、修饰性从句或是定语。
这些修饰
成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义
（
1
）
定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：
be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called,
be known as, define
（下定义）
, represent, signify
（表示，表明）
, constitute
（指。。）
等。
（
2
）解释则常用
as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is
（
to say
）
, in other words,
namely
等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。
（
3
）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。
（< br>4
）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。
eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted,
seen, or smelled.
(
无法察觉的，感觉不到的
)
2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse
（配
偶）
at a time.
（一夫一妻制）
Exercises:
1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____
默剧，哑剧
_______
2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____
人类学
______
3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____
门厅
_______
4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks
（
脸颊）
. ___
胡须
______
5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think
like people. ____
人工智能
_
______
Test
1 There is no cure
（治愈）
for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by
millions of people to help their symptoms
（症状）
.
61. What is ARICEPT
？
（
C
）
A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s
B. A medicine to delay signs of aging.
C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
D. A medicine to cure brain damage.
Test
2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as
caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.
（
1
）
According to the passage, The Pines is a ______.
（
D
）
A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
二．利用例证猜测语义
某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而 且时时会用一些标志性语言
或标点符号来引出
，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如
fo r example, for instance, such as, and
so on, just as, like, similarity
等连接词或词组。
eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals
:
Nature, News Week, Times and The
listener. ____
期刊
_______
2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.
（
几
何）
Exercises:
1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons
（武器）
and walked out of the
home with their hands over their heads. ____
投降
_______
2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol
（酒精）
, on the skin. ____
杀菌剂
_______
3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments
such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. ___
装饰物
_
_______
Test
The largest player
–
Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices
–
--- deluxe sedans
，
minivans
，
station wagons
，
coaches
，
Santana sedans are the big favorite.
56 The words “deluxe sedans”
，
“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to
_______.
（
C
）
A. cars in the making
B. car rental firms
C. cars for rent
D. car makers
三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义
（
1
）利用反义关系推测语义
有些生 词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，
或者表转折意义的连词，
词组等，
抓住这些< br>可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有
although, but, however, whereas
（反之）
,nevertheless
（然而，< br>不过）
，
on the contrary, in contrast
（相对）
, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one
thing, for another, instead
（
of
）
, rather than
等。
（
2
）利用同义关系推测语义
通常情况下 ，
英语忌讳实词重复。
避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。
同义词
替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：
or, like, similarly
等。
eg.1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism
（乐观主义）
can help you to
be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast
（相反）
, to hopelessness,
sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. ___
悲观主义
__
2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly
（相同地）
loquacious. ____
多话的，唠叨的
Exercises:
1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean,
his neck remains grubby. ____
肮脏的
__
2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s
population is quite homogeneous. _____
同种的，相似的
______
3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.
静态的，稳定的
4. He replied
（答复）
quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted
（后悔）
having made such a hasty decision. ___
匆忙的，轻率的
_____
5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy
（美味），
we Chinese people
seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. ____
生的，未加工的
___
Test
1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character- building, but we knew that to
wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.
（
1
）
The underlined word “agony” in
the last paragraph probably means_____
（
C
）
A. form
B. condition
C. pain
D. sadness
Test
2 The hot- air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork
（软木塞）
in water.
（
2
）
The word “buoyant” in this sentence most probably means_____
_.
(C)
A. able to be used
B. able to move from one place to another
C. able to float or rise to the surface
D. able to carry anything
四．用语境猜测语义
（
1
）
利用
“
小< br>”
上下文推测词义，
即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义
。
如：
I am a resolute man.
Once I set up a goal, I
won’t give up easily.
坚决的，果断的
（
2
）
利用
“
大
”
上下文推测词义，
即利用距离生词较远的内容，
如整个段落、
篇章等来推 断。
eg.
Zip was stopped during the war and only after the war did it become popular. What a
difference it has made to our lives! It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote
parts of the world more real to us. Photographs show a country, but only zip makes feel that a
foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street. Big occasions are zipped, such as the
coronation
（加冕典礼）
in 1953 and the opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are
the notable people, who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras
and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “zip personality”. Perhaps we can
sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped
Zip means
A. cinema.
B. photography.
C. television.
D. telephone.
(C)
Exercises:
1. When I got to the theatre, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline. I was the first to
get there and sure that I could get the ticket without any problem.
The underlined word “relieved” in the passage may best be replace by _____.
(B.
不确定
)
A. surprised
B. pleased
C. produced
D. sold
2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold
winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_____.
（
C
）
A. improved
B. increased
C. produced
D. sold
Test
These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building
can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices. Green building means,
“reducing the impact of
the building
on the land”,
Taryn Holowka of the U.S. Green building
council in Washington, D.C. said.
61. In the second paragraph, the underlined phrase “the building” most probably refers to ___.
（
A
）
A. an ordinary building
B. an energy-saving building
C. a green- colored building
D. a building in Washington, D.C.
五．利用构词法猜测语义
掌握前后缀规律
，
如
un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-
等前缀与
-less
等后缀可构成反义词；后缀
-ful, -ly,
-ism, -ness
等可改换词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握 两词之间
的关系，猜测词义；而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。
eg.1. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road
(
不贵的
)
2. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes “the two share little about their
innermost
feelings…
_____
内心的
_____
3. Impressionism
（印象派，
印象主义）
is a form of art which began in the 1870s. When you look
closely at an impressionist
（印象派的
）
painting, you see little dots of different colored paints.
When you move away from the picture, the dots of colors blends and the painting look like it has
light playing on the people and objects in the picture. __________