-2010年思想汇报

2021年1月23日发(作者：武汉大学图书馆主页)
高一英语阅读理解真题汇编
(
含答案
)
及解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解


United States health officials are urging people to stop using electronic cigarettes, known as e-
cigarettes.
The
call
to
action
came
after
such
products
were
linked
to
health
problems.
Five
deaths have also been reported. E-cigarettes are a popular substitute for smoking products. The
electronic devices heat liquid that includes flavoring, nicotine and other chemicals into vapor
—
very small particles that users breathe in. Nicotine is found in many plants, including tobacco. E-
cigarettes or similar devices also can provide THC or other substances to users. THC is the natural
chemical present in marijuana(
大麻
) plants that gives users the mental state known as a

E-cigarettes are said to be safer than normal cigarettes because they do not create the cancer-
causing
byproducts
of
burning
tobacco.
Yet
health
officials
say
e-cigarette
users
have
reported
shortness of breath and other breathing problems, such as coughing and chest pain. Some have
been
sick
to
the
stomach,
felt
very
tired,
suffered
weight
loss
or
developed
high
body
temperatures. One report noted that most of the 53 illnesses reported in Illinois and Wisconsin
were
related
to
THC
vaping(
气化
)
products.
But
nearly
20
percent
of
the
patients
inhaled(
吸
入
)substances like nicotine from e-cigarettes. Most of the reported cases were of young men.


The
report
found
that,

no
single
product
or
substance
has
been
associated
with
the
illness,
persons
should
consider
not
using
e-cigarettes while
this
investigation
is
ongoing.
Last
November,
The
Centers
for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention,
or
CDC, reported
that

use
increased
considerably
among
U.S.
middle
and
high
school
students
during
2017
—
2018.
Among high school students, it found e-cigarette use rose from 220,000 students in 2011 to 3.05
million in 2018.

On Monday, the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA gave a warning to JUUL Labs, maker of
the best-selling e-cigarettes. The FDA accused the company of illegally marketing its products as
being

than
cigarettes
without
the
agency's
approval.
In
a
statement,
the
FDA's
acting
commissioner said that,
school
to
our
nation's
youth.
A
JUUL
spokesman
said
the
company
is
studying
the
FDA's
comments and

（
1
）
Which of the following can best describe e-cigarettes?

.

ss.

ious.

ive.

（
2
）
What change will be caused when smokers inhale e-cigarettes containing THC?

will be healthier.

will lose weight.

will feel excited.

will be peaceful.

（
3
）
What information about JUUL Labs can we get from the last paragraph?

ts became its main marketing targets.

didn't agree on its way of promoting its products.

completely denied what it was accused of.

D.E-cigarettes were invented by it.

（
4
）
What can be the best title of the passage?



B.A sharp rise of e-cigarettes use among young people.

e-cigarettes are needed for health.

D.E-cigarettes
—
a potential killer.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新 闻报道，美国卫生官员敦促人们停止使用电子烟，电子烟
同人们的健康问题有关。并介绍电子烟是怎样危 害人们健康的。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“United States health officials are urging people to stop
using
electronic
cigarettes,
known
as
e-cigarettes.
The
call
to
action
came
after
such
products
were linked to health problems. Five deaths have also been reported.”
美国卫生官员敦促 人们
停止使用电子烟。在这些产品被发现与健康问题有关后，呼吁采取行动。另外报道有五人
死 亡。由此可推断，电子烟不但影响人们健康，而且有可能是致命的，故选
A
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“E
-cigarettes or similar devices also can provide THC or
other
substances
to
users.
THC
is
the
natural
chemical
present
in
marijuana(
大麻
)
plants
that
gives users the mental state known as a ‘high’. ”
电子烟或类似的设备也可以向使用者提供THC
或其他物质。
THC
是存在于大麻植物中的自然化学物质，给予使用者一种
“high”
的心理状
态。这里的
“high”
指的是喝醉或者吸毒 后的那种兴奋的状态，因此使用者吸入了含有
THC
的电子烟会感到兴奋，故选
C。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“On
Monday,
the
Food
and
Drug
Administration,
or
FDA
gave
a warning
to
JUUL
Labs,
maker
of
the
best-selling
e-cigarettes.
The
FDA
accused
the
company of illegally marketing it
s products as being ‘safer than cigarettes’ without the agency's
approval.
”
周一，美国食品和药物管理局
(FDA)
向 畅销电子烟的制造商
JUUL
Labs
发出了警
告。
FDA
指控该公司未经
FDA
批准，非法销售其产品，称其
“
比香烟更安全
”
。由此可知
FDA
不同意其销售此产品，故选
B
。


（
4
）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述美国卫生官员敦促人们停止使用电子烟 ，电子烟同人
们的健康问题有关并介绍电子烟是怎样危害人们健康的。中心思想强调的就是电子烟危害< br>人们的健康。
D
选项
E-cigarettes
—a
potential
killer“
电子烟
—
一个潜在的杀手”
，符合本文中
心思想，故选
D
。


【点评 】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要
根据上下文的逻辑关系 ，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


2
．
阅读理解



The
killdeer,
a
small
bird
known
for
its
high- pitched(
声调高的
)call,
could
lead
to
the
cancellation(
取消
) of one of Canada' biggest music festivals.

The first hint of trouble for Ottawa's Bluesfest, an outdoor festival that draws around 300,000
people each year, came last week after workers at the site found one of the birds. It had laid four
eggs
nearby, effectively
claiming
the
main
stage area
as
its
nesting
ground.

is
one
of
the
most challenging problems we've been presented with, but we feel we can work through this,
said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival.
major effect, so we're taking it very seriously.

The discovery meant that government officials rushed to protect the nest and the eggs, hiring a
security guard to watch over them 24 hours a day.


Environmentalists
were
also
brought
in.

don't
know
when
the
eggs
might
hatch,
said
Monahan. What is known is that the young killdeer will likely leave the nest soon after they are
hatched, leading many to hope that the eggs hatch in the next day or so.


The
festival
is
now
seeking
permission
from
Environment
Canada
to
relocate(
搬迁
)the
nest
some 50 meters away or take it to a wildlife center. Moving the nest would also ensure the bird
and its young would be protected during the festival's 11-day run, said Monahan. It's highly likely
that the festival's thousands of attendees would cause huge problems for the bird and its eggs.
Monahan was confident that the festival would go on as planned, however.
we're working with are looking for a positive solution,
that the festival can't go on.

As news of the dilemma spread, it left residents divided. Some supported the bird, saying that
moving
the
nest
might
result
in
the
eggs
being
abandoned.
Others
expressed
annoyance
that
protecting the eggs of the small bird, which is widespread across North America, was risking an
annual festival that contributes millions of dollars to the local economy.

The killdeer's tendency to build its nest in open fields or flat areas has caused issues in other
areas of the US: earlier this year, construction of a health center in Wisconsin was temporarily
stopped after a killdeer and its four eggs were discovered.

（
1
）
What can we learn about Bluesfest?

is the first music festival in Canada.

is an important event for music lovers.

is a music festival held every two years.

is a challenging outdoor activity in Ottawa.

（
2
）
What was especially challenging for Bluesfest this year?

re from the government.

eements with the public.

need to protect the bird's eggs.

lack of experience in hosting the event.

（
3
）
How did the festival plan to deal with the problem?

the nest to another place.

government officials for help.

advice from environmentalists.

security guards to protect the eggs.

（
4
）
The underlined word

A.a difficult situation

extreme situation

C.a dangerous situation

encouraging situation

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，对于音乐爱好者来说，非常重大的加拿大音乐 事件
Bluesfest,
在上周工作人员在现场发现了一只小水鸟，它在附近下了四个蛋，把 主要舞台区
域作为它的筑巢地，以及就主办方准备将鸟巢搬离此处引发了人们讨论。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“The

first
hint
of
trouble
for
Ottawa's
Bluesfest,
an
outdoor festival that draws around 300,000 people each year, came last week after workers at
the site found one of the birds.”
可知渥太华的
Bluesfest,是一个每年吸引约
30
万人参加的户外
节日。因此
Bluesfest,
对音乐爱好者来说是一个重要的事件。故选
B
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“It
had
laid
four
eggs
nearby,
effectively
claiming
the
main stage area as its nesting ground. ”
小水鸟在舞台附近下了
4
个蛋；和第四段中的
“‘This is
one
of
the
most
challenging
problems
we've
been
presented
with,
but
we
feel
we
can
work
through this,’ said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival.”
音乐节执行总监说：< br>“
这是
我们面临的最具挑战性的问题之一，我觉得我们可以解决这个问题
”。得知

保护鸟蛋是今
年
Bluesfest
面临挑战的事情。 故选
C
。


（
3
）
考
查
细
节
理解
。根
据
第
五
段
中
的< br>“The
festival
is
now
seeking
permission
from
Environment
Canada
to
relocate(
搬迁
)the
nest
some
50
meters
away
or
take
it
to
a
wildlife
cent er.”
可知现在该节日正在寻求加拿大环境部的许可，将鸟巢迁移到
50
米外，或带 到野
生动物中心，可以得知为了解决这个问题，节日筹备方打算把鸟巢搬到另一个地方。故选
A
。


（
4
）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的
“Moving
the
nest
would
also
ensure
the
bird
and
its
young would be protected during the festival's 11-day run, said Monahan. It's highly likely that
the festival's thousands of attendees would cause huge problems for the bird and its eggs.”
可知
Mona han
说，为期
11
天的节日活动中，移动鸟巢能确保鸟儿和其幼鸟得到保护。但是极
有可能，成千上万的参与者会给这只鸟和它的蛋带来巨大的问题。可以推断出当时的处境
困难， 故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断 三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析 ，推理，从而选出
正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解

England continues to be one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. London in
particular is one of the most visited cities and draws people in with its appeal, history and pubs.
England's smaller cities, like Bath and Oxford, are equally as attractive with a lot of culture and
fewer crowds. Liverpool, birthplace of The Beatles, has a rich musical history. The countryside has
wonderful natural beauty. Here are some tips on traveling in England.

Free museums
—
Public museums offer free admission in every city throughout England and the
UK. It's a great way to learn about the country's most influential artists and history, and spend a
rainy day without paying a cent.

Book early
—
Book all transportation well in advance, even if you don't plan to use it. Fares can
be around £ 2 with a little planning. The Megabus not only runs buses but also provides trains
throughout England and is the best choice for cheap travel throughout the country.

Pub food
—
Eating in England can be quite expensive, but for good cheap and filling meals, visit
the local pubs, where you cam get a good meal for less than £10. Besides, the pubs are a great
way to meet people!

Get a Taste of UK card
—
The taste of the UK card offers up to 50% off at selected restaurant.
You
don't
need
to
be
an
English
to
get
the
card,
and
you
needn't
pay
the
first
month's
membership fee, which is perfect for most travelers.

Take a free walking tour
—
Many major cities in England offer free walking tours. They usually
last a few hours and are a great way to see the city.

（
1
）
Compared with London, Oxford is ________.

A. more charming
B. less crowded
C. larger in size
D. richer in history

（
2
）
Why are visitors advised to eat in local pubs?

A. The food there is sold at a low price. B. It is likely to meet famous stars there.

C. The service provided there is excellent. D. There is a friendly but quiet atmosphere there.

（
3
）
What do we know from the text?

A. All museums in the UK are free of charge.
B. The best way to travel around England is by
bus.

C. Free
walking
tours
are
available
in
most
big
cities
in
England.
D. The
taste
of
UK
card
holders can enjoy discounts at all restaurants.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，就英国旅行作者提出了一些建议。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“England's
smaller
cities,
like
Bath
and
Oxford,
are equally
as attractive with a lot of culture and fewer crowds.”
可知，跟
Lon don
相比较，
Oxford
没那么
拥挤。故选
B
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“but for
good
cheap
and
filling
meals,
visit
the
local

pubs,
where you cam get a good meal for less than £10.”
可知，之所以建议游客到 当地的酒吧去吃
饭，是因为那里的食物价格便宜。故选
A
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“Take a free walking tour—
Many major cities in England
offer free walking tours.”
可知，英国大多数大城市都有免费的步行旅游。故选
C
。
< br>【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节
信息，结 合题目要求，选出正确答案。



4
．
阅读理解

Just a few years out of law school, I decided that I wanted to write fictions. The only thing I had
ever published before was a law- review article. I had made great efforts to write when I came
home at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.

I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and
made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for
20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.

In my first year, I sold two stories. Then I wrote a novel, but I thought it wasn't good enough, so
I ended up putting it in a drawer. My second novel, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, was published
to glowing reviews and received the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.

My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and
for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in
the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to
write at my kitchen table.


Sometimes
genius
(
天才
)
is
just
the
thing
that
comes
out
after
20
years
of
working
at
your
kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his
masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.

（
1
）
When did the author decide to devote himself to writing fictions?

A. When he was tired from his work.
B. Straight after graduation from law school.

C. On being informed his law-review article came out.
D. When his hobby was disturbed by
his work.

（
2
）
We can infer from the second paragraph that the author .

A. led a wealthy life
B. arranged his life reasonably

C. was too diligent to relax himself D. remained single

（
3
）
What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage?

A. Failure is the mother of success. B. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

C. It is never too old to learn.
D. It is the first step that costs troublesome.

（
4
）
Why did the author give the example of Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot?

A. To make a comparison between them and himself.
B. To show creativity needs energy and
efforts.

C. To persuade the readers of their great talents.
D. To recommend their two masterpieces.

【答案】
（
1
）
D

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文，作者通过讲述自己成功的经历，进一步证实了
“
失败
是成功之母
”
的道理。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“I
had
made
great
efforts
to

write
when
I
came
home
at
night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.”
可知，当他的爱好被他的工作打
扰时，作 者决定投身于写作小说。故选
D
。

(2)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at
my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then
I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work
for a few more hours.”
可知，我们可以从第二段推断出作 者合理安排了他的生活。故选
B
。

(3)
考查目的意图。根据第四段中的
“My success sounds like a familiar story, but a
ctually it was
far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30
rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in
2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write
at my kitchen table.”
可推知，失败是成功之母。故
选
A
。

(4)
考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“Sometimes genius (
天才
) is just the thing that comes out
after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy
of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song
of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.”
可知，作者引用
Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot
的例子是为了要表现出
创造力需要能量和努力。故选
B
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目的意图三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅
读，考 生需要准确掌握捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。



5
．
阅读理解

Amazon Best Sellers: Best Books


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by James Comey

In his book, former FBI director James Comey shares his never-before-told experiences from
some of the highest-risk situations of his career in the past two decades of American government,
exploring what good, ethical
（道德的）
leadership looks like, and how it drives sound decisions.
His journey provides an entry into the corridors of power, and a remarkable lesson in what makes
an effective leader.

Hardcover $$17.99


12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos- January 23, 2018
by Jordan B. Peterson


What
does
everyone
in
the
modern
world
need
to
know?
Famous
psychologist
Jordan
B.
Peterson's answer to this most difficult of questions uniquely combines the hard-won truths of
ancient tradition with the great findings of most-advanced scientific research.

Hardcover $$15.57


How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading Revised Edition
by Mortimer J.
Adler, Charles Van Doren

With half a million copies in print, How to Read a Book is the best and most successful guide to
reading
comprehension
for
the
general
reader,
completely
rewritten
and
updated
with
new
material.
Originally
published
in
1940,
this
book
is
a
rare
phenomenon,
a
living
classic
that
introduces and clarifies the various levels of reading and how to achieve them-from elementary
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Paperback $$10.31


Everybody, Always: Becoming Love in a World Full of Setbacks and Difficult People- April 17,
2018
by Bob Goff

Paperback $$10.19

What happens when we stop avoiding difficult people and simply love everyone? In his wildly
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Bob
Goff
takes
readers
on
a
life- altering
journey
into
the
secret
of
living
without
fear,
care,
restriction, or worry.

（
1
）
If you want to become an effective leader, you can try ________.

A. How to Read a Book
B. Everybody, Always
C. 12 Rules for Life
D. A Higher Loyalty

（
2
）
What do we know about How to Read a Book?

A. It is written by Mortimer J. Adler. B. It is completely the same as the original one.

C. It has been published since 1940. D. There are many other books similar to it.

（
3
）
We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. All the four books are paperbacks. B. Paperbacks are cheaper than hardbacks.

C. Jordan
D. Peterson is the former FBI director.

【答案】
（
1
）
D

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了亚马逊最畅销的几种书。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据
A
Higher
Loyalty:
Truth,
Lies,
and
Leadership-April
17,
2018
by
James
Comey
部分中的
“His
journey
provides
an
entry
into
the
corridors
of
power,
and a
remarkable
lesson
in what
makes
an
effective
leader.”
可知如果你想要成为一个有效的领导，你可以尝试
A Higher Loyalty
，故选
D
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据
How
to
Read
a Book:
The Classic
Guide
to
Intelligent
Reading
Revised
Edition
by
Mortimer
J.
Adler,
Charles
Van
Doren
部分中的
“Originally
published
in
1940”
可知
How to Read a Book
最初于
1940
年出版，故选
C
。

(3
考查
)
常识理解。平装本比精装本价格要便宜，故选
B
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和常识理解两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，要求考
生朱雀 掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。



6
．
阅读理解

Mrs. Jones was my first patient when I started medical school
—
and I owe her a lot.


She
was
under
my
care
for
the
first
two
years
of
my
medical
training,
yet
I
knew very
little
about her, except that she was thin, perhaps in her mid 70s. It might seem rather negligent not to
know the basic facts of my patient ,but I had a valid reason
—
Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been
dead for about three years before I made a patient of her. Mrs. Jones was the dead body that I
dissected
（解剖）
over the first two years of my medical training.

Of course, her name wasn't really Mrs. Jones, but it seemed a little impolite to be conducting

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