高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月23日 09:26
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-朱明远
III
词义猜测
【命题特点】
考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能 力
,
突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。
【常见考法】
1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.
2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.
3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.
4. Which of the following is the cl
osest in meaning to the word “…”?
5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?
6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.
7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?
8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.
一．通过定义或解释推测语义
有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语 、修饰性从句或是定语。
这些修饰
成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义
（
1
）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：
be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer
to, be called, be known as, define
（下定义）
, represent, signify
（表示，表明）
,
constitute
（指。。）
等。
（
2
）解释则常用
as
you
know,
to
be
called,
to
mean,
to
refer
to,
that
is
（
to
say
）
,
in other words, namely
等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复
或解释。
（
3
）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。
（
4
）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。< br>
eg.
1.
The
powerful
poison
was
imperceptible
when
mixed
in
liquid,
that
is,
it
could
not be tasted, seen, or smelled.
(
无法察觉的，感觉不到的
)
2.
The
Greek
marriage
was
monogamous----- men
and
women
were
allowed
only
one
spouse
（配偶）
at a time.
（一夫一妻制）
Exercises:
1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____
默剧，哑剧
_______
2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____
人类学
______
3.
We
will
meet
you
in
the
foyer,
the
entrance
hall
of
the
theatre.
____
门厅
_______
4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks
（脸颊）
.
___
胡须
______
5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that
they say will think like people. ____
人工智能
_
______
Test
1
There
is
no
cure
（治愈）
for
Alzheimer’s.
But
a
drug
called
ARICEPT
has
been
used by millions of people to help their symptoms
（症状）
.
61. What is ARICEPT
？
（
C
）
A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s
B. A medicine to delay signs of aging.
C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
D. A medicine to cure brain damage.
Test
2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign
food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.
（
1
）
According to the passage, The Pines is a ______.
（
D
）
A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
二．利用例证猜测语义
某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言
或标点 符号来引出
，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如
for example, for instance, such
as, and so on, just as, like, similarity
等连接词或词组。
eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals
:
Nature, News Week, Times
and The listener. ____
期刊
_______
2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles
and triangles.
（几何）
Exercises:
1.
Finally
the
enemy
surrendered.
They
threw
down
their
weapons
（武器）
and
walked
out of the home with their hands over their heads. ____
投降
_______
2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol
（酒精）
, on the skin. ____
杀菌剂
_______
3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with
shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with
gifts. ___
装饰物
_
_______
Test
The
largest
player
–
Shanghai
Bashi
Tourism
Car
Rental
offers
a
wide
variety
of
choices
–
---
deluxe
sedans
，
minivans
，
station
wagons
，
coaches
，
Santana
sedans
are the big favorite.
56
The
words
“deluxe
sedans”，“minivans”
and
“station
wagons”
used
in
the
text
refers to _______.
（
C
）
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义
（
1
）利用反义关系推测语义
有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，
或者表转折意义的连词，
词组等，抓住这些
可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有
although, but, however, whereas
（反
之）
,nevertheless
（ 然而，不过），
on
the
contrary,
in
contrast
（相对）
,
on
the
one
hand,
on
the
other
hand,
for
one
thing,
for
another,
instead
（
of
）
,
rather
than
等。
（
2
）利用同义关系推测语义
通常情况下，
英语忌讳实词重复。
避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。< br>同义词
替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。
标志词有：
o r,
like,
similarly
等。
. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism
（乐观主义）
can
help
you
to
be
happier,
healthier
and
more
successful.
Pessimism
leads,
by
contrast
（相反）
, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression,
loneliness and painful shyness. ___
悲观主义
__
2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly
（相同地）
loquacious. ____
多话的，唠叨的
Exercises:
1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck rem
ains grubby. ____
肮脏的
__
2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the
population, Japan’s population is quite
homogeneous. _____
同种的，相似的
______
3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.
静态的，稳定的
4.
He
replied
（答复）
quickly.
But
after
he
considered
the
problem
more
carefully,
he regretted
（后悔）
having made such a hasty decision. ___
匆忙的，轻率的
_____
5.
Although
people
in
many
countries
consider
raw
meat
a
delicacy
（美味），
we
Chinese
people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. ____
生的，未加工的
___
Test
1
The
gunners
like
to
describe
what
they
do
as
character- building,
but
we
knew
that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody
happy.
（
1
）The
underlined
word
“agony”
in
the
last
par
agraph
probably
means_____
（
C
）
A. form
B. condition
C. pain
D. sadness
Test
2 The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork
（软木塞）
in water.
（
2
）The word “buoyant” in this sentence most probably means______.
(C)
A. able to be used
B. able to move from
one place to another
C. able to float or rise to the surface
D. able to carry anything
四．用语境猜测语义
（
1
）
利用“小”上下文推测词义，
即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义
。
如：
I
am
a
resolute
man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give u
p easily.
坚决的，果断的
（< br>2
）利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推
断。
eg.
Zip was stopped during the war and only after the war did it become popular.
What a difference it has made to our lives! It keeps people at home much more. It
has
made
the
remote
parts
of
the
world
more
real
to
us.
Photographs
show
a
country,
but only zip makes feel that a foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in
the street. Big occasions are zipped, such as the coronation
（加冕典礼）
in 1953
and
the
opening
of
Parliament.
Perhaps
the
sufferers
from
zip
are
the
notable
people,
who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras and
know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “zip personality”.
Perhaps
we
can
sympathize
when
Members
of
Parliament
say
that
they
do
not
want
debates
to be zipped
Zip
means
A.
cinema. B.
photography. C.
television. D.
telephone.
(C)
Exercises:
1.
When
I
got
to
the
theatre,
I
was
relieved
to
see
that
nobody
was
waiting
inline.
I
was
the
first
to
get
there
and
sure
that
I
could
get
the
ticket
without
any
problem.
The underlined word “relieved” in the passage may best be replace by _____.
(B.
不确定
)
A. surprised
B. pleased
C. produced
D. sold
2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that
have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold
period is good for the tree.
The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_____.
（
C
）
A. improved
B. increased
C. produced
D. sold