-冬姑娘

2021年1月23日发(作者：谁说)


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解


FaceApp has taken the world by storm, giving users the chance to see themselves age through
its
algorithm.
12.7
million
people
—
some
three
million
more
than
the
population
of
New
York
City
—
reportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period last month.

Although the Russian app has become known for its privacy issues, the more interesting lesson
of our FaceApp fling (
尽情玩乐
)is what it tells us about our society
—
and our future lives. It turns
out we are more interested in aging than we realized. I'm surprised by this. Most younger people
are in denial (
否认
)about old age, doing almost nothing to prepare for it. We rarely have a chance
to
plan
for
the
future,
with
increasing
time
and
financial
pressures.
Those
pressures
bring
sacrifices that we may not always want to make: we can no longer afford to spend the time or the
money needed to look after our elderly parents.

As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epidemic developing. Elderly patients come to see
me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. After a few minutes of the consultation, I
understand
why:
they're
not
sick,
and
often
they
don't
feel
sick.
They
just
need
someone
—
anyone-to talk to.


Although
loneliness
has
no
medical
classification,
the
health
effects
are
real:
the
result
of
loneliness and isolation can be as harmful to our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, and is
more damaging than obesity. But loneliness does not come with nearly enough health warnings.

So what next? Since 1980, we are living on average 10 years longer. At the same time, people
are having fewer and fewer children, and they are having them much later in life. The snake of a
world class health service is eating its own tail; its care is prolonging (
延长
) people's lives, but as
the ratio of pensioners(
退休人员
)to working -age people increases, there are fewer taxpayers to
fund that very health service.

Into this void have stepped NGOs, charities and volunteers. But in the long term, the only way
to
truly
help
the
oldest
meters
of
our
society
is
to
go
back
to
the
traditional
values
of
intergenerational(
两代间的
)
cooperation
—
often
under
same
roof.
Ultimately,
we
will
need
to
evolve towards a culture where elderly care is treated the same as childcare, where employers
recognize
the
duty
of
someone
with
an
elderly
parent
the
same
way
they
recognize
those
of
someone with a newborn child.

（
1
）
The example of FaceApp is used to _____.

A. prove the popularity of it
B. explain the function of it

C. show the progress of technology
D. introduce the topic of aging and loneliness

（
2
）
What makes elderly people without illness go to see their family doctors?

A. Desire to have the consultation.
B. Strong feeling of loneliness.

C. Unclear medical issues. D. Questions to ask doctors.

（
3
）
How can the oldest members be truly helped?

A. By being treated as children.
B. By going back to the traditional society.

C. By providing family care. D. By living with other elderly people under the same roof.

（
4
）
What can we learn from the passage?

A. The loneliness of elderly people needs more attention.

B. FaceApp's popularity proves it has no security problems.

C. Health service lacks fund because of prolonged peopled lives.

D. FaceApp is helpful in dealing with elderly peopled loneliness.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者由
FaceApp
话题 谈到当今的社会现象
——
老人
感到孤独，他们需要关注。作者认为孤独虽不是病，但它 能影响人的健康，所以他呼吁人
们像关注新生儿那样关注老人。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段

has
taken
the
world
by
storm,
giving
users
the
chance
to
see
themselves
age
through
its
algorithm.
12.7
million
people
—
some
three
million
more than the population of New York City
—
reportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period
last
month.
“
；第二段中的
”...the
more
interesting
lesson
of
our
FaceApp
fling
(
尽情玩乐）
is
what it tells us about our society
—
and our future lives. It turns out we are more interested in
aging than we realized.“
可知，< br>FaceApp
已经风靡全球，用户有机会通过它的算法看到自己的
年龄。据报道，在上 个月的七天时间里，有
1270
万人下载了这本书，比纽约市的人口多了
300
万。它告诉了我们关于我们的社会和我们未来的生活。事实证明，我们对衰老的兴趣
比我们意识到的更 大。作为一名家庭医生，我可以看到孤独感的蔓延。所以
FaceApp
主要
的功能是 通过它的算法使用户看到自己的年龄，接着讲述老人所面临的问题
—
孤独和衰
老。故判 断出
FaceApp
的例子是用来介绍衰老和孤独的话题。故选
D
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
”
As
a
family
doctor,
I
can
see
the
loneliness
epidemic
develo
ping. Elderly patients come to see me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. “
可
知老人经常去看家庭医生是因为孤独，他们没有生病，只想找人聊聊。故选
B
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
”But in the long term, the only way to truly help the
oldest members of our society is to go back to the traditional values of intergenerational
（两代
间的）
cooperation
—
often under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to evolve towards a culture
where elderly care is treated the same as childcare“,
可知从长期来看我们帮助老年成员的方法
是和他们一起居住，并 且给予他们婴儿般的关爱。故选
C
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的
”But
lonel
iness
does
not
come
with
nearly
enough
health
warn ings.“
可知老人孤独并没有带来足够的健康警示，故推断人们孤独的老人应该得
到更多的 关注，选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题 型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考
生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出 正确答案。


2
．
阅读理解


The Largest World Fairs of All Time

New York World Fair
—
New York, 1939

The 1939 New York World Fair was the largest exposition (
博览会
) in US history with visitors
over 14 million. The Fair was planned during the Great Depression and was aimed at relieving the
city from economic depression by attracting foreign investment. Major inventions to emerge (
出
现
)
at
the
New
York
World
Fair
included
nylon
fabric,
a
streamlined
pencil
sharpener,
and
a
futuristic car city imagined by General Moiors.

Exposition liniverselle
—
Paris, 1900


The
Exposition
Universelle
was
one
of
the
earliest
expositions
to
feature
multiple
countries
with
France
inviting various
countries
to
display
their
technological
advancements
and
cultural
heritage.
Exposition
Universelle
was
the
birthplace
of
many
inventions
that
we
enjoy
today
including escalators (
自动扶梯
) and talking films.

Expo' 70
—
Osaka, Japan

Expo' 70 was the biggest exposition of the 20th century and the second largest in history. Expo
70 had a record attendance of over 64 million visitors, a 40-year record that would not be broken
until Expo 2010 in Shanghai. Notable exhibitions included a large piece of moon rock that was
brought back from the Apollo 12 mission.

Expo 2010
—
Shanghai. China

Expo 2010 goes down as the largest fair in history, having attracted 73 million people. It also
had
the
highest
international
participation
of
any
exposition
in
the
world
with
246
countries
participating. The opening ceremony featured the biggest LED screen in the world as well as one
of the biggest fireworks displays in history.

（
1
）
Which Expo is the biggest one in history?

A. Expo 70
—
Osaka. Japan. B. Exposition Universelle
—
Paris

C. Expo 2010
—
Shanghai, China.
D. New York World Fair
—
New York

（
2
）
What is the purpose of New York World Fair?

A. To attract more inventions.
B. To improve the nation's economy.

C. To display the technological development. D. To share achievements with other countries.

（
3
）
What did Expo 70 in Japan feature?

A. A piece of rock from space. B. A rocket in the Apollo 12 mission.

C. The cultural heritage from countries.
D. The biggest LED screen in the world.

【答案】

（
1
）
C

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个有史以来最大的世界博览会。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
Expo 2010
—
Shanghai. China
部分中的
“Expo 2010 goes down as
the
largest
fair
in < br>history”
可知，
2010
年上海世博会是历史上规模最大的一届世博会 ，故选
C
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
New
York
World
Fair
—

New
York,
1939
部分中的
“aimed
at
relieving the city from economic depression
by attracting foreign investment.”
可知，纽约世博会
的目的 是通过吸引外资来缓解国内经济萧条，也就是改善国家经济，故选
B
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据
Expo' 70
—
Osaka, Japan
部分中的
“Notable exhibitions included a
large piece of moon rock that was brought back from the Apollo 12 mission.”
可知，第< br>70
届日
本世博会的特色是展出了阿波罗
12
号带回来的一大块月球岩 石，故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一 篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节
信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解


Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? It's never too early
to start helping them get their work out there! We've rounded up the top art competitions for
kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world.
Most of them are totally free to enter!

Global Canvas Children's Art Competition

Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, this art competition wants to inspire the
next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for
artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home.

Toyota Dream Car Art Contest

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Time to design a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of
transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and
experience various aspects of Japanese culture.

Advena World Children's Art Competition

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting, photos and other original artworks

The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the
participating
artists
to
simply
express
their
feelings
—
anything
from
sadness
or
joy
to
anger
or
excitement
—
through their chosen medium.

Progressive Young Artists Awards


Open
to:
high
school
and
college
students
Mediums:
drawing,
painting,
photograph,
mixed
media, sculpture

PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in
your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art competition. The prize
is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling.

（
1
）
Which of the following favors the environment?

A. Advena World Children's Art Competition.
B. Global Canvas Children's Art Competition.

C. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest. D. Progressive Young Artists Awards.

（
2
）
What prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest?

A. A dream car.
B. A scholarship.
C. A tour of a factory.
D. An amount of cash.

（
3
）
What is special about Advena World Children's Art Competition?

A. It has no fixed theme.
B. It has an entrance fee.

C. The prize is a scholarship. D. Its participants are the youngest.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
Global
Canvas
Children's
Art
Competition
部分中的
“this
art
competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the
earth.”
可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。故选
B
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
Toyota Dream Car Art Contest
部分中的
“Prizes include a chance to
tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”
可知，奖
励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。故选
C
。


（
3
）
考
查
细
节
理
解
。
纵
观
全
文
并
进
行
细
致
比
较
可
知
Global
Canvas
Children's
Art
Competition
关注的是地球环境；
Toyota
Dream
Car
Art
Contest
则着眼与未来的交通；
Progressive
Young
Artists
Awards
围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有
Advena
World
Children's
Art
Competition
没有设置主题，这可以从
Instead
of
a
theme,
it
asks
the
participating
artists
to
simply express their feelings
—
anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement
得知本比赛
没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。故选
A
。


【点评】本 题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节
信息，并结合题目要求，从 而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解


The Outdoor City Adventure Book Festival

For one week in July, Sheffield Central Library becomes the center of adventure in the Outdoor
City. Check out some of the events. Most of them are free but early booking is recommended.

July 10

Bee Quest - A Hunt for the World's Most Elusive (
难以捕捉的
) Bees Central library Carpenter
Room, 7:00-8:30pm.


A
hunt
for
the
world's
most
elusive
bees
leads
Professor
Dave
Goulson
from
Poland
to
Patagonia, deep into the Ecuadorian Jungle. He also explores closer to home.

Among secret places hidden right under our noses and through his scientific expertise (
专业知
识
), shows us that beauty hides in the most surprising places.

July 11

Clarion Call: A Heartfelt Tribute to Sheffield's Access Pioneers

Central library Carpenter Room, 10:30-11:30am.

Well-known walker, activist and campaigner, Terry Howard takes us back a hundred years and
shares the story of the role Sheffielders played in the first fights for our right to freely walk on the
Peak District moors (
旷野
). The Clarion Ramblers is thought to be the first working class walking
club. This is the story of their important role in gaining us the access we all enjoy today.

July 12

The Wainwrights in Color Central Library Carpenter Room, 1:30-2:30pm.

Inspired by the work of the great Alfred Wainwright, over 10 years Andy Beck has reproduced
in
watercolor
all
1, 500
pictures
drawn
in
A
Pictorial
Guide
to
the
Lakeland
Fells.
Andy
speaks
about how the scenes in the Lake District have changed during the last 50 years.

July 13

Craft (
制作
) Your Own Adventure Journal-A Workshop Central Library Reading Room, 2:00-3:00
pm,
￡
5.

Learn paper craft techniques to make your own beautiful travel journal. Get advice from our
expert tutor on using old photos adventures and holidays.

Collecting stories and memories from your.

（
1
）
Which event should you choose if you're interested in bees?

A. Bee Quest. B. Clarion Call.

C. The Wainwrights in Color. D. Craft Your Own Adventure Journal.

（
2
）
What day is the right time to share the story of Sheffielders?

A. July 10. B. July 11. C. July 12. D. July 13.

（
3
）
What is special about Craft Your Own Adventure Journal?

A. It lasts the longest.
B. It needs reservation.

C. It calls for admission charges.
D. It offers the most interesting stories.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个户外城市探险书展。在七月的一个 星期
里，谢菲尔德中央图书馆成为户外城市的冒险中心。这些事件，大部分都是免费的，但建
议 大家要提前预订。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
July 10
部分中

的
”Bee Quest
- A Hunt for the World's Most Elusive
(
难以捕捉的
)
Bees
Central
library
Carpenter
Room“,
可知，
Bee
Quest
中可寻找世界上最难以
捉摸的蜜蜂，如果你对蜜蜂感兴趣，可以到
Bee Quest
，故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
July
11
部分中的
”Central
library
Carpenter
Room,...
This
is
the
story of their important role in gaining us the access we all enjoy today
可知，在
7
月
11
日的
Clarion Call
是分享谢菲尔德故事的最佳时机。故选
B
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据
July
13
部分中的个

(
制作
)
Your
Own
Adventure
Journal-A
Workshop
Central
Library
Reading
Room,
2:00-3:00pm,
￡
5.
可知，在这个活动中，要收取费
用
5
英镑。而上文其他的活动中都不收取费用，这是这个活动与其他不同之处，故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生 需要准确捕捉细节
信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。


5
．
阅读理解



I
became
a magician
by accident.
When
I
was
nine years
old,
I
learned
how
to
make
a
coin
disappear. I'd read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to
search for a book of spells (
魔法
)
—
nine being that curious age at which you're old enough to
work through more than 1, 200 pages of mysterious fantasy literature but young enough to still
hold out hope that you might find a book of real, actual magic in the library. The book I found
instead taught basic sleight-of-hand (
戏法
) technique, and I devoted the next months to practice.

Initially, the magic wasn't any good. At first it wasn't even magic; it was just a trick
—
a bad
trick. I spent hours each day in the bathroom running through the secret moves in front of the
mirror. I dropped the coin over and over, a thousand times in a day, and after two weeks of this
my
mom
got
a
carpet
sample
from
the
store
and
placed
it
under
the
mirror
to
eradicate
the
sound of the coin falling again and again.


I
had
heard
my
dad
work
through
passages
of
new
music
on
the
piano,
so
I
knew
how
to
practice
—
slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion
(
错觉
) in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It
looked like a miracle. I knew that I had got what I wanted.

One day I made the performance on the playground. We had been playing football and were
standing by the backstop in the field behind the school. A dozen people were watching. I showed
the coin to everyone. Then it disappeared. The kids screamed. They yelled, laughed, scrambled
away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant.

（
1
）
What did the author enter the adult section of the library to do?

A. To kill his time.

B. To find a book of magic. C
To read The Lord of the Rings. D. To learn knowledge of literature.

（
2
）
What does the underlined word

A. Get rid of. B. Give out. C. Imitate. D. Distinguish.

（
3
）
What contributed to the author's success?

A. His mother's help.
B. The secret of quick moves.

C. The inspiration from his father.
D. His repeated hard practice.

（
4
）
How would the author feel about the result of his performance on the playground?

A. It's fantastic. B. It's funny. C. It's awkward. D. It's disappointing.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者变成魔术师是偶然的，并且具体讲述了自 己九
岁时学习如何让硬币消失的经历。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“I'
d read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into
the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells ”
我读过《魔戒》，并且冒险进入
图书馆的成人区寻找魔法书，可知，作 者进入图书馆的成人区是为了寻找魔法书。原文中
使用了不定式表达目的。故选
B
。< br>

（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段讲述作者一开始练习让硬币消失 时的练习经历，他每天
要在镜子前练
1000
遍左右，那么硬币也就会掉在地上
1000
次左右。所以划线单词所在句
子句意应为：两周后，妈妈从店里买了一块地毯，把它 放在镜子下面，以掩盖硬币一次又
一次落下的声音。故选
A
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“I
had
heard
my
dad
work
through
passages
of
new
music on the piano, so I knew how to practice
—
slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather
than
speed.
And
then
I
tried
the
illusion
(
错觉
)
in
the
mirror
and
an
unbelievable
scene
took
place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle.”
可知，作者 是在父亲练习钢琴的
经历的启发下，领悟到了练习的真谛，最终取得了成功。故选
C
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“They
yelled,
laughed,
scrambled
away.
Everyone
went crazy.
This was brillian t.”
，可知作者在操场上表演完硬币消失之后，其他同学欢呼、大
小并且都不知道是如何做到 的，每个人都很疯狂。作者认为这个经历是非常棒的。故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一盘故事类阅
读，考生需要准 确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。


6
．
阅读理解


Need a fall fix? Try one from these great places.


⒈
Mackinac Island, Michigan

The only way to reach this famed car-free island is by boat and ferry, and once visitors arrive,
they are attracted by the history, scenery and fall colors.
town,
and
there's
a
big
state
park
as
well,
Blackwell
says.

allowed
to
have
boats
all
around the island.


⒉
Tellico Lake, Tennessee

With nearly 400 miles of shoreline, this waterway flowing out of the Great Smoky Mountains is
largely unexploited, well- protected in its natural state. Fall visitors find a range of colors reflecting
in the clean waters, says Blackwell, who vacationed in the area with his family as a child.
thick forest there just allows you to see more greenery and wildlife.


⒊
Dillon Reservoir, Colorado

With an hour from Denver, this lake is home to what claims to be the nation's highest sailing
club, at an altitude of more than 9,000 feet. Marinas in the towns of Dillon and Frisco make it
easy to get out on the water and to see the bright yellows and golds of fall leaves.
surprised
that
there's
boating
in
Colorado,
and
you
can
see
the
mountains
just
before
the
snowball,


⒋
Lake Monroe, Indiana

The state's largest lake is surrounded by more than 13,000 acres of protected forest and three
recreation areas, making it an ideal place to see fall colors, particularly from oaks and the tulip
poplar, the state tree.
宝石
) in southern Indiana,
area.

（
1
）
What is special about Mackinac Island?

A. It's like a modern city.
B. Visitors can't take a boat around it.

C. Visitors can see various wildlife there.
D. Visitors can't go there by cars.

（
2
）
Which is suitable for someone looking for an undeveloped place for vacation?

A. Mackinac Island, Michigan. B. Tellico Lake, Tennessee.

C. Dillon Reservoir, Colorado.
D. Lake Monroe, Indiana.

（
3
）
What do the four places have in common?

A. Blackwell once travelled there.
B. They are all famous tourist destinations.

C. They are surrounded by thick forests. D. Visitors can enjoy fall colors there.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个适合秋季度假的地方。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据

⒈
Mackinac Island, Michigan
部分中的

famed car-free island is by boat and ferry
可知，到这个著名的无车岛的唯一途径是乘船和渡
船。即 ：无法通过乘汽车到达该岛。故选
D
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据
⒉
Tellico
Lake,
Tennessee
部分中的

nearly
400
miles
of
shoreline, this waterway flowing out of the Great Smoky Mountains is largely unexploited, well-
protected
in
its
natural
state
可知，
Tellico Lake
基本上未被开发，得到了很好的保护，一直
处于自然状态。因此，该地适合那些想 到未被开发的地方度假的人们。故选
B
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据
⒈
Mackinac
Island,
Michigan
部分中的

are
attracted
by
the
history, scenery and fall colors
；
⒉
Tellico Lake, Tennessee
部分中的

colors
reflecting
in
the
clean
waters
，
⒊
Dillon
Reservoir,
Colorado
部分中的

to
see
the
bright
yellows
and
golds
of
fall
leaves
和
⒋
Lake
Monroe,
Indiana
部分中的

it
an
ideal
place to see fall colors
可知，在这四个地方都可以看到

秋天的色彩

。故选
D
。


【点评】本题 考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据 上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


7
．
阅读理解


According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive(
感知
)time is linked to their
pace of life.


perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving
creatures.


The
study
was
done
with
a
variety
of
animals
using
phenomenon
based
on
the
maximum
speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for
example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.

One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to
avoid being hit. The research showed flies
can achieve,

Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on
the research project, said in a statement,
higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information
equally
quickly.
Thus,
this
work
highlights
the
impressive
abilities
of
even
the
smallest
animal
brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.


In
comparison,
the
tiger
beetle(
虎甲虫
)runs
faster
than
its
eyes
can
keep
up,
basically
becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's(
猎物
)position.


Our
results
suggest
that
time
perception
offers
an
as
yet
unstudied
dimension
along
which
animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail.

（
1
）
What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about
？


A. Pace of life of animals. B. Impressive abilities of animals.

C. Lifetime of small animals. D. Time perception of animals.

（
2
）
What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2
？


A. The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.

B. Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.

C. The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.

D. Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.

（
3
）
Why can houseflies avoid being hit?

A. They can think very deeply before they act.

B. They can process the information as quickly as they receive it.

C. They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.

D. They can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes.

（
4
）
What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?

A. Slow down to gain its time perception. B. Prevent itself from becoming blind.

C. Stop occasionally to spot the prey again. D. Try to run as fast as it can.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“According to a team of researchers
，
an animal's ability
to perceive
（感知）
time is linked to their pace of life.”
可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时
间的 能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知
的，故选
D
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“the
importance
of
time
perception
in
animals
where
the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for
fast
moving
creatures.”
可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的 时间内感知时间的能力
可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，
Kevin
Healy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它
们对时间的感知能力，故选
A
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“The research showed flies ‘observe motion in a shorter
time than our own eyes can achieve
，
’which allows them to avoid being hit.”
可知，家蝇观察物
体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避 免被击中；再结合第五
段中的
“but
they
can
make good
decisions
very
quickly.”
可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，
也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选
B< br>。


（
4
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“the
tiger
beetle
（虎甲虫）
runs
faster
than
its
eyes can keep up
，
basically becoming blind
，
which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate
its
prey's
（猎物）
position”
可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不< br>时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地
停下来确 定猎物的位置，故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理 判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从 而选出正确答案。


8
．
阅读理解


Being forgiving to yourself and others can protect against stress and the harm it does to mental
health, according to a new study in the Journal of Health Psychology.

Researchers looked at the effects of lifetime stress on a person's mental health, and how more
forgiving people got along compared with people who weren't so forgiving. To do this, they asked
148
young
adults
to
fill
out
questionnaires
that
assessed
their
levels
of
lifetime
stress,
their
tendency to forgive and their mental and physical health.

No surprise, people with greater exposure to stress had worse mental and physical health. But
the
researchers
also
discovered
that
if
people
were
highly
forgiving
of
both
themselves
and
others,
that
characteristic
alone
almost
removed
the
connection
between
stress
and
mental
illness.


—
it's zero,
tendencies, you feel the immediate effects of stress in a severe way. You don't have anything to
cushion you against that stress.


How
a
forgiving
personality
protects
a
person
from
the
influence
of
severe
stress
is
hard
to
determine. The researchers infer that people who are more forgiving may adopt better skills to
deal with stress, or their reaction to major stressors(
压力源
)may be slow.


Though
more
research
is
needed
to
fully
understand
the
benefits
of
being
more
forgiving,
Toussaint believes
％

that saying a short prayer on forgiveness can help people take the edge off.
want to feel good and forgiveness offers you the opportunity to do that,

（
1
）
The researchers got the effect of forgiving by_____.

A. analyzing questionnaires
B. doing scientific experiment

C. writing research papers
D. communicating with 148 adults

（
2
）
What can we infer from the passage?

A. Forgiving tendencies can deal with all mental problems.

B. It remains unknown why forgiveness helps to reduce stress.

C. Toussaint's study has fully discovered the benefits of being forgiving.

D. Saying a short prayer on forgiveness is the key to getting rid of stress.

（
3
）
What does the underlined phrase

A. Look ahead.
B. Become relaxed.
C. Make up their mind.
D. Stick to their goals.

（
4
）
What may be the best title for the passage?

A. A new study on physical health
B. Forgiving yourself makes you feel good

C. Forgiveness is good for mental health
D. Getting rid of stress is good for your health

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】研究发现拥有一颗宽容的心，能减少焦虑和压力，让人心理健康。


（
1
）细节理解题。根据文章第二段的
To
do
this,
they
asked
148
young
adults
to
fill
out
questionnaires that assessed their levels of lifetime stress
，可知，为了弄明白真相，研究人员
让
148
个人填写了问卷调查，即他们是通过研究问卷调查来得出宽容的影响，故选
A
项。


（
2
）推理判断题。根据文章第五段的
How a forgiving personality protects a person from the
influence of severe stress is hard to determine.
可知目前很难确定宽容是如何防止人们不受严
重压力的伤害，故推断宽 容可以减少压力的原因是未知的，故选
B
项。


（
3
）词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文的
I
think
most
people
want
to
feel
good
and
forgiveness offers you the opportunity to do that
可知宽容能让人感觉良好，故推测画线部分
所 在句子意思是：说一个和宽容相关的祷言能让人感觉良好。故划线部分的意思和

感觉良
好

接近，故选
B
项。


（
4
） 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段为主题段，根据文章第一段的
Being
forgiving
to
yourself and others can protect against stress and the harm it does to mental health,
可知本文主
要讲述宽容对精神健康有好处，故选
C项。


【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题 和主旨大意题，
细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词
义猜测题，要联系上下文，猜测划线词在题中的含义；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大
意之后 找出中心思想。





9
．
阅读理解



It
seems
every
major
city
and
town
around
the
world
hosts
an
annual
marathon,
with
thousands of athletes running a gruelling 42.1 kilometres. While many runners' motivation is to
beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, they're also doing it for a
good
cause
—
to
generate
funds
for
charity.
But
like
other
major
events,
the
marathon
also
generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel
—
some by plane
—
to the location, and
waste
from
food
packaging and
goody
bags
gets
left
behind
by
spectators
and runners.
This
is
becoming a big issue for cities
—
how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise
and help charities, while protecting the environment? Several cities have developed formal plans
to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable (
可持续的
) ideas. One event in
Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit.


It's
something
that
this
year's
London
Marathon
tried
to
tackle
by
reducing
the
number
of
drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in
eatable seaweed capsules. They also trialled new bottle belts made from recycled plastic so 700
runners could carry water bottles with them during their run. London Marathon event director
Hugh Brasner told the BBC:
倡议
) we are using this year that we
think will lead to some huge behavioural changes in the future.


Meanwhile,
some
people
still
think
running
a
marathon
could
be
our
best
foot
forward
in
helping
the
planet.
Dr
Andrea
Collins
from
Cardiff
University
told
the
BBC:

for
a
marathon
makes
you
more
sustainable
in
day-to-day
activities.
I
started
walking
or
running
to

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