-给家乡孩子的一封信

2021年1月23日发(作者：爱情最晴天)
高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解


Butterfly Garden (Permanent Exhibit)

Walk among the free-flying residents of this warm conservatory. It is a wonderful opportunity
to
get
close
to
a
variety
of
living
butterflies
from
New
England
and
across
the
globe.
The

Box
offers
a
window
into
the
butterfly
behavior.
Look
inside
to
see
hanging
chrysalids (
蝶蛹
) transform into adult butterflies. Tickets are required and visitors should reserve
at least two weeks in advance.

A Bird's World (Permanent Exhibit)


This
exhibit
features
the
Museum's
extraordinary
collection
of
birds,
displaying
over
300
species found in New England. Here, you can learn to interpret the bird language taking place just
outside your window at home.

Test your observation skills and see if you can get past different birds without them alerting (
发
信号
)
other
animals
to
your
presence
Learn
to
identify
birds
from
a
distance
by
recognizing
unique flight patterns. Practice your flying technique in the Bird Walk.

Hall of Human Life (Permanent Exhibit)

Should you have your baby's DNA sequenced? What keeps you awake? Step inside the Hall of
Human Life, the Museum's new biology exhibition, and encounter such far- reaching questions on
an amazing journey inside the human body. Through digital media and personal interaction, you
become

of
the
story',
as
you
contribute
your
own
data
in
a
process
of
learning
and
discovery.

BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life (Temporary Exhibit Now Open!)


BODY
WORLDS
comes
to
the
Museum
of
Science
with
a
new
chapter,
Gunther von
Hagens'
BODY
WORLDS
&
The
Cycle
of
Life.
Don't
miss
this
truly
unique
opportunity
to
look
within
yourself and gain a whole new perspective on what it means to be alive. More than one hundred
preserved
human
specimens
reveal
the
wonders
of
human
development
and
show
how
poor
health, good health, and lifestyle choices can shape your body.

（
1
）
Which exhibit do you need to book in advance?

fly Garden

B.A Bird's World

of Human Life

WORLDS & The Cycle of Life

（
2
）
What can you do in A Bird's World?

e your own flying technique.

icate with birds in body language.

digital media showing birds' history.

different birds from all over the world.

（
3
）
What is special about BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life?

is related to human body.

lasts for only a limited time.

is the most visited exhibition in the world.

has something to do with the growth of life.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了波士顿科技馆的四个展览的相关信息。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
Butterfly Carden
部分中的
“Tickets are required and visitors should
reserve
at
least
tw
o
weeks
in
advance.”
游客必须 购票，并至少提前两周预订。可知，参现
Butterfly Garden
需要提前预订。故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
A Bird's World
部分中的
“Practice your flying technique in the Bird
Walk.”
在
Bird Walk
中练习你的飞行技巧。可知，游客在
Bird Walk
活动中提高自己的飞行技
能。故选
A
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据
BODY
WORIDS
&
The
Cycle
of
life
部分中的
“T
emporary
Exhibit
Now Open!”
临时展览现在开始！可知，
BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life
这个展览不是永久
性的，而是临时的。故选
B
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。


2
．
阅读理解


Melinda
Skaar wasn't
expecting
any
phone
calls.
Skaar
was working
late
in
her
office
at
the
First Internet bank of California. By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the
phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting,
didn't panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building was huge. There were 62
floors and her desk was on the 37th floor. Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas, who
also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black
smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her
jacket to keep the smoke out.

Then they called 911. Before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That
meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and
hope someone would come to rescue them.


Minutes
ticked
by.
Smoke
began
to
float
into
the
office.
Soon
it
became
hard
for
them
to
breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they
crowded there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly
smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but the glass was not breakable. Everything
they
threw
at
it
just
bounced
back.
Defeated,
they
struggled
back
to
the
workroom.
They
felt
weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.

As Skaar and Oksas lay near death, rescuers were rushing to find them. At last, at about 4 a.m.,
firefighters found them.

Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive. Sunday is my birthday, Skaar told a reporter.
She would be turning 29, but she knew she had already got the best present possible
—
the gift of
life.

（
1
）
What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?

A. they tried to run down the stairs.
B. they called their families.

C. they waited where they were.
D. they rushed back and shut the door.

（
2
）
The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except .

A. calling
911
for
help
B. shutting
the
door
and
keeping
the
smoke
out
with a jacket

C. breaking the windows to get some fresh air
D. crowding in a small workroom for clean air

（
3
）
What can we conclude from Skaar's action in the fire?

A. she was trained as a firefighter.
B. she was cleverer than Oksas.

C. she had had the experience of being caught in fire.
D. she remained calm in the face of
danger.

【答案】
（
1
）
D

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了两个女孩由于大火被困在
36
层的大楼内，面
对危险她们临危不惧，终于安然脱险，幸免于难的故事。

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by
a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of
the door with he
r jacket to keep the smoke out.”可知他们走到走廊时想下楼时，一团黑烟迎
面扑来。他们赶紧跑回去关上门，用她的夹克填满了门底 部的空隙，把烟挡在外面。故选
D
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom
of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.”
；第二段中的
“Then they called 911.”
；以及
第三段中的
“S
kaar
noticed
a
small
workroom.
It
seemed
to
have
cleaner
air.
So
they
crowded
there.”
可知在火灾中
Skaar and Oksas
为了生存做的事，
C
项没有，故选
C
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space
at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out. Then they called 911. Looking
around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.
和
they tried to break the windows,”这些
Skaar
的行为可知，面对火灾她保持镇静，从容面对。
故选
D< br>。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考 生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解

Sports are the base of my life, next to my mother who raised me when my dad left us. I have
been into sports since I was six years old. I have known many coaches and heard hundreds of
their tips, but they usually focused on drills to develop my skills and reach the next level of play.

When I was in Senior Two, I met the new school basketball coach, Brian Pawloski. I thought I
was certain to be selected for the school team since I had been in it the year before. I showed up
to the tryouts and put out about 90% effort since I thought I'd make it with no problem. That was
a big mistake.

Brian Pawloski is the hardest-working coach I have ever met. He didn't expect 100% effort, he
expected 200% effort. One example: he once made us do 40 suicide drills for the 40 lay-ups (
投篮
)
we missed in a game. Some think this is crazy, but it isn't. After this conditioning practice, as we
were getting a cup of cold water to drink, I said,
was
completely
sincere.
This
man
was
and
is
the
person
who
influenced
me
most
at
my
high
school.
He
expects
us
to
be
excellent
not
just
on
the
court
but
in
the
classroom.
If
I
am
not
working
on
basketball,
I
am
reading
a
book
that
he
thinks
will
help
us
better
understand
life's
challenges, including
Wooden, Coach, and The Screwtape Letters
.

In the first two years I slacked off, not putting forth my full potential. Now, unlike the coaches
of my youth, this man was interested in how he did off the court. He always made sure I kept up
with my studies and was able to be trusted. I can honestly say that on other coach has given me
so much advice on how to succeed in basketball, but more importantly, in life. My school is lucky
to have such a great person to teach, coach and influence their students. I will always remember
my high- school basketball days as one of the hardest times I have ever worked in my life not only
in basketball but in my growth as an individual.

（
1
）
Different from other coaches, Coach Brian ________.

A. concentrated on skill training
B. trained the team to the edge of death

C. expected the team to do well in their studies
D. asked the team to do more reading than
training

（
2
）
The underlined phrase

A. paid no attention B. showed no interest C. had less passion D. made less effort

（
3
）
In the author's eye, Coach Brian is ________.

A. strict and helpful
B. hardworking and honest

C. skilled and cruel
D. professional and serious

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者喜欢篮球，新学校的篮球教练布莱恩对自 己的
学生严格要求，全文叙述了对布莱恩教练的描述以及他和作者之间发生的事情。

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“He expects us to be excellent not just on the court but
in the classroom”
，他希望我们不仅在运动场上而且在教室里要优秀。可知选
C
。

（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的
“not putting forth my full potential”
没有尽我的全部
力量， 可知
D
选项的意思与此句相符，故选
D
。

（
3
）考查

推理判断。根据全文对布莱恩教练的描述以及他和作者 之间发生的事情，可知
他对自己的学生很严格要求，但与此同时，根据第四段中的
“I can honestly say that no other
coach has given me so much advice on how to succeed in basketball, but more importantly, in
life
，
”
可充分 体现布莱恩教练
helpful
这一品质，故选
A
。

【点 评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌 握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解


Education
is
not
a
bystanders
sport.
Numerous
researchers
have
shown
that
when
students
participate
in
classroom
discussion
they
hold
more
positive
attitudes
toward
school,
and
that
positive
attitudes
promote
learning.
It
is
no
coincidence
that
girls
are
more
passive
in
the
classroom discussion and score lower than boys on SATs.

We found that at all grade levels in all communities
and in all subject areas boys controlled
classroom
communication.
They
participated
in
more
interactions
than
girls
did,
and
their
participation became greater as the year went on.


Our
research
contradicted
the
traditional
assumption
that
girls
control
classroom
communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language
arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention.
That teachers talk more to male students is simply because boys are more aggressive in grabbing
their attention by calling out answers to the teachers' questions first. While girls sit patiently with
their hands raised or keep silent. Psychologist Lisa Serbin and O'Leary, then at the state
university of New York at stony brook studied classroom interaction at preschool level and found
that teachers gave boys more attention, praised them more often and were at least twice as likely
to have extended conversations with them.

Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is
also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and
answers. Teachers behave differently depending on whether boys or girls are active to provide
answers during discussions. During classroom discussion, teachers in our study reacted to boys
answers
with
powerful,
precise
and
effective
responses,
while
they
often
gave
girls
mild
and
unclear reactions because of their silence. Too often, girls remain in the dark about the quality of
their answers. Active students receiving precise feedback are more likely to achieve academically.
And they are more likely to be boys.


This
kind
of
communication
game
is
played
at
work,
as
well
as
at
school.
As
reported
in
numerous studies, it goes like this.

Men speak more often and frequently interrupt women.

Listeners recall more from male speakers than from female speakers, even when both use a
similar speaking style and cover the same content.

Women participate less actively in conversation. They do more smiling and gazing, and they are
more often the passive by standers in professional and social conversations among peers.


Women
often
their
own
statements
into
unsure
comments.
This
is
accomplished
by
using
qualifiers and by adding tag question. These uncertain patterns weaken impact and signal a lack
of power and influence.


Only
when
girls
are
active
and
treated
equally
in
the
classroom
will
they
be
more
likely
to
achieve equality in the workplace.

（
1
）
What does the authors mean when they say“Education is not a bystanders sport.”?

A. Both boys and girls should do more sports.
B. The girl students should be the audience to
watch the boy students' discussions.

C. The boy students should not be too active in the classroom discussions.
D. Both boy and
girl students should take an active part in the classroom discussions.

（
2
）
Which of the following is Not true?

A. Girls' scores are lower than boys on SATs.
B. Girls control classroom discussion in reading
while boys in maths.

C. Boys control classroom discussion in both reading and maths.
D. Boys are more confident
in calling out answers to catching the teachers' attention.

（
3
）
The
factors
that
contribute
to
the
students'
effective
learning
are
the
following
except__________.

A. The
students
can
take
an
active
part
in
the
classroom
discussion
B. The
students
do
it
themselves

C. Teachers
can
give
students
specific
and
direct
feedback
the
quality
of
their
work
and
answers
D. Students transform their own statements into uncertain comments

【答案】
（
1
）
D

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了教育不是旁观者的活动。要想学有所获 ，必
须积极参与其中互动。男生比女生更加积极地参与课堂互动，因此获得老师更多的直接指
导 ，这使得他们的能力得到培养，个性也得到张扬，所以在今后的职场中也能够站统领地
位。女性要想获得 同等的地位，应该从积极参与课堂互动开始。

（
1
）考查推理判断。纵观全 文可知，许多研究表明，当学生参与课堂讨论时，他们对上学
持更积极的态度，积极的态度促进学习。女 生在课堂讨论中更被动，在
SAT
考试中得分低
于男生，这不是巧合。因此推断作者说
“
教育不是旁观者的活动
”
是为了表明男孩和女孩都
应该积极参与课 堂讨论。故选
D
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Our
research
contradicted
the
traditional
assumption
that
girls
control
classroom
communication
in
reading
while
boys
in
math.
We
found
that
whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their
fair
share
of
teacher
attention.”
可知，我们的研究违背了传统的假设，即女 孩在阅读中控制
课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流。我们发现，无论是语言艺术和英语，还是数学
和科学，男孩在教师的注意力中所占的份额都超过了他们的平均水平。因此女孩在阅读中
控制课 堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流的说法是错误的。故选
B
。

（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“Numerous researchers h
ave shown that when students
participate
in
classroom
discussion
they
hold
more
positive
attitudes
toward
school,
and
that
positive
attitudes
promote
learning.”
可知，
A
项
“学生们能够积极参与课堂讨论
”
是对的；根
据第四段的
“Years
of
experience
have
shown
that
the
best
way
to
learn
somethi
ng
is
to
do
it
yourself.
It
is
also
important
to
give
students
specific
and
direct feedback
about
the
quality
of
their work and answers. ”
可知，多年的经验表明 ，最好的学习方法是自己去做。给学生关于
他们的工作和答案的质量的具体而直接的反馈也是很重要的。

故
B
、
C
都是有利的因素；
而
D
项
“
学生们将自己的陈述转化为不确定的评论

”
文章中没有提到。故选
D
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节 理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻 辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


5
．
阅读理解


Sometimes, you just can't help it. Maybe you're watching a sad movie, or thinking about the
friend who
moved
away.
Next
thing
you
know,
you feel
pressure
in
your
throat,
your
eyes
are
watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks.


According
to
Ad
Vingerhoets,
a
professor
of
psychology
at
Tilburg
University,
in
the
Netherlands, who
is
one
of
the
few
scientists
in
the
world
who
have
studied
crying,
there
are
three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the
eye and the rest of the World. Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something
gets
in
them.
Finally,
there
are
emotional
tears.

are
released
in
response
to
emotional
states,


Scientists
believe
crying
has
something
to
do
with
how
humans
developed
and
learned
to
depend
on
each
other.

are
very
complex
social
creatures,
says
Lauren
Bylsma,
a
professor
at
the
University
of
Pittsburgh,
in
Pennsylvania.

seems
that
tears
serve
to
arouse
help and support from others,

Vingerhoets agrees,
（流眼泪）
has something
to do with our childhood,
love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them
at a specific person.
when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention.
this case, it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help,

Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According
to
Byhma,
there
is
still
much
more
to
discover.

surprising,

says,

much
we
still
don't know.

（
1
）
In the scientists' opinion, crying is ________.

A.a sign of human evolution

B.a result of human kindness

C.a cause of personal growth

D.a means of relying on each other

（
2
）
The underlined phrase

help wisely

tears at someone

emotionally

to other people

（
3
）
From the text, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma ________.

different opinions about the causes of tears

positively of the effects of tears

working together to study tears

learned enough about tears

（
4
）
What can be a suitable title for the text?

types of tears

components of tears

science of tears

opinions about tears

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，从科学的角度分析了哭的类型和哭的原因等内容。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Scientists believe crying has something to do with how
humans developed and learned to depend on each other”
可知，科学家们认为哭与人类如何发
展和学习彼此依靠有关系。故可知哭是人们互 相依靠的一种方法，选
D
。


（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的
“‘The
major
advantage
of
emotional
tears
is
that
you
can target them at a specific person.’ Vingerhoets says
this ability could have come in handy in
prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to
get
attention.
认为泪水的主要优势就是你可以将泪水指向一个特定的 目标。这
种能力在史前发挥了作用，当时人们生活在危险的动物中。泪水是获得注意的一种更安全
的方式。由此可知，
this ability
指将泪水指向一个特定的目标的能力，故选
B
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Lauren
Bylsma,
a
professor
at
the
University
of
Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. ‘It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,’
She
says.
Vingerhoets
agrees”
可知，
Lauren
B ylsma
和
Vingerhoets
都认为泪水可以唤起别人
的帮助和支持 。结合选项可知，他们都认可泪水的积极作用。故选
B
。


【点评 】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握 细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。


6
．
阅读理解


Eleven-year- old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking the question
what would you want?
make the residents who live in the nursing home realize their dreams.

Last May, Ruby Kate noticed a resident named Pearl staring out a window. She seemed sad.

because she couldn't afford to raise it. Ruby Kate and her mother,
Amanda, asked around and
discovered that many nursing home residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So
Ruby Kate decided to do something about it.


She
started
by
asking
residents
what
three
things
they
wanted
most
in
the
world.
Amanda
worried
that
people
would
ask
for
cars
and
other
things
an
11-year- old
wouldn't
be
able
to
provide. Instead, they asked for chocolate bars, McDonald fries, pants that ft properly and even
just prayer. Using heir own money, the Chitseys granted the wishes of about 100 people in three
months. Then they started asking for donations.

-给家乡孩子的一封信

-给家乡孩子的一封信

-给家乡孩子的一封信

-给家乡孩子的一封信

-给家乡孩子的一封信

-给家乡孩子的一封信

-给家乡孩子的一封信

-给家乡孩子的一封信