(完整)高中英语阅读理解题及详细答案解析
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2021年01月23日 09:38
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-2015年高考语文作文
阅读理解专项练习一：
1
B
3
Do dogs understand us?
Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.
A
border
collie
named
Rico
recognizes
the
names
of
about
200
objects,
say
researchers
in
Germany.
The
dog
also
appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or
chimpanzee(
黑猩猩
).
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of
10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40
commands
right.
As
the
dog
couldn't
see
anyone
to
get
clues,
the
scientists
believe
Rico
must
understand
the
meanings
of
certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys
whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked
out the answer by process of elimination(
排除法
). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more
impressive.
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (
品种
)known for
its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still,
it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!
60. From paragraph 2 we know that __
.
A. animals are as clever as human beings
B. dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees
C. chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills
D. dogs have similar 'learning abilities as 3-year-old children
61. Both experiments show that
.
A. Rico is smart enough to get all commands right
B. Rico can recognize different things including toys
C. Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics
D. Rico won't forget the names of objects once recognizing them
62. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie's mental abilities.
B. Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.
C. The border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects.
D. Rico is born to understand its owner's commands.
63. What does the writer want to tell us?
A. To train your dog.
B. To talk to your dog.
C. To be friendly to your dog.
D. To be careful with your dog.
4
Paynes Prairie
(used)
Have you ever heard of Paynes Prairie? It is one of the most important natural and historical areas in Florida. Paynes
Prairie is located near Gainesville. It is large, 21 000 acres. This protected land is called a preserve. The Florida Park Service
manage the preserve.
The Paynes Prairie basin was formed when limestone dissolved and the ground settled. It is covered by marsh(
沼泽
)and
wet prairie vegetation. There are areas of open water. During brief periods it has flooded enough to be considered a lake. Except
for that, the basin has changed little through time.
Man has lived on Paynes Prairie a very long time. He lived there as far back as 10000 B. C. At one time, the Seminoles
lived there. The prairie is thought to have been named after King Payne, a Seminole chief. During the late 1600s, the largest
cattle ranch in Florida was on Paynes Prairie. Today, Paynes Prairie is preserved land . It is occupied by visitors and Florida
Park Service employees.
Willam Bartram visited Paynes Praire. Bartram was the first person who portrayed (described)nature through personal
experience
as
well
as
scientific
observation.
He
lived
200
years
ago.
He
visited
Paynes
Prairie
in
1774.
At
that
time
he
described it. He called Paynes Prairie the
Most
of
the
animal
life,
which
Bartram
described,
is
still
here.
A
large
number
of
sandhill
cranes,
hawks
and
waterfowl
are
here
in
winter.
The
animal
diversity
is
increased
by
the
presence
of
pine
flatwoods,
hammock,
swamps
and
ponds.
The Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park is open year round. The Florida Park Service works hard so that the park will
appear as it did in the past. It offers many opportunities for recreation. At the park you can camp and picnic. You can hike and
bike. You can boat and fish. You can ride on horse trails. And you can see lots of nature and wildlife. You can see Florida as it
was in the early days.
Paynes
Prairie
is
a
part
of
our
Florida
history.
It
is
an
example
of
our
Florida
natural
resources.
It
is
a
place
for
recreation. Paynes Prairie is an important experience of the Real Florida.
64. How was the Paynes Prairie basin formed?
A. By the Seminole Indians.
B. By the Florida Park Service.
C. From dissolved limestone and the ground settling.
D. From lots of flooding and wet prairie vegetation.
65. The underlined word
.
”
A. variety
B. society
C. population
D. area
66. All of the following are true EXCEPT that __
.
A. Paynes Prairie has changed little through time
B. Paynes Prairie is covered by wet prairie grasses
C. there used to be a big cattle farm on Paynes Prairie
D. William Bartram was the first person~ to visit Paynes Prairie
67. The purpose of the passage is to
.
A. call on people to protect widlife
B. attract people to this preserved park
C. show you the formation of Paynes Prairie
D. introduce the recorded history of Paynes Prairie
5
NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and
traffic
accidents
can
leave
people
with
terrible
physical
and
emotional
scars.
Often
they
relive
these
experiences
in
nightmares.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories.
The
pill
is
designed
to
be
taken
immediately
after
a
frightening
experience.
They
hope
it
might
reduce
,or
possibly
erase(
抹去
),the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals
that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories
may be
reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, While others support it.
Supporters
say
it
could
lead
to
pills
that
prevent
or
treat
soldiers'
troubling
memories
after
war.
They
say
that
there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
memories
can
ruin
people's
lives .
They
come
back
to
you
when
you
don't
want
to
have
them
in
a
daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,
Harvard Medical School.
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us
our identity (
特质
). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
we want to wipe those memories out,
68. The passage is mainly about
.
A. a new medical invention
B. a new research on the pill
C. a way of erasing painful memories
D. an argument about the research on the pill
69. The drug tested on people can
.
A. cause the brain to fix memories
B. stop people remembering bad experiences
C. prevent body producing certain chemicals
D. Wipe out the emotional effects of memories
70. We can infer from the passage that
.
A. people doubt the effects of the pills
B. the pill will stop people's bad experiences
C. taking the pill will do harm to people's health
D. the pill has probably been produced in America
71. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?
A. Some memories can ruin people's lives.
B. People want to get rid of bad memories.
C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.
D. The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.
6
What's your dream vacation? Watching wildlife in Kenya? Boating down the Amazon? Sunbathing in Malaysia?
New chances are opening up all the time to explore the world. So we visit travel agents, compare packages and prices ,and
pay our money.
We know what our vacation costs us. But do we know what it might cost someone else? It's true that many poorer
countries now depend on tourism for foreign income. Unfortunately, though, tourism often harms the local people more
than it helps them.
It
might
cost
their
homes
and
lands.
In
Myanmar,
5,200
people
were
forced
to
leave
their
homes
among
the
pagodas(
佛塔
)in Bagan so that tourists could visit the pagodas.
Tourism might also cost the local people their livelihood and dignity. Local workers often find only menial(
卑微
的
)jobs in the tourist industry. And most of the profits do not help the local economy. Instead, profits return to the tour
operators in wealthier countries, When the Maasai people in Tanzania were driven from their lands, some moved to city
slums. Others now make a little money selling souvenirs or posing for photos.
Problems
like
these
were
Observed
more
that
20
years
ago.
But
now
some
non- government
organizations,
tour
operators and local governments are working together to begin correcting them. Tourists, too, are putting on the pressure.
The result is responsible tourism, or
“ethical tourism.”
Ethical tourism has people at its heart. New international
agreements and codes of conduct can help protect the people's lands, homes, economies and cultures. The beginnings are
small, though, and the problems are complex.
But
take heart
. The good news is that everyone, including us, can play a part to help the local people in the places
we
visit.
Tour
operators
and
companies
can
help
by
making
sure
that
local
people
work
in
good
conditions
and
earn
reasonable wages.
They can make it a point to use only locally owned hotel, restaurants and guide services. They can share profits
fairly to help the local economy. And they can involve the local people in planning and managing tourism.
What
can
tourists
do?
First,
we
can
ask
tour
companies
to
provide
information
about
the
conditions
of
local
citizens. We can then make our choices and tell them why. And while we're abroad, we can:
Buy local foods and products, not imported ones.
Pay a fair price for goods and services and not bargain for the cheapest price.
Avoid flaunting wealth.
Ask before taking photographs of people.
They are not just part of the landscape!
Let's enjoy our vacation and make sure others do, too.
72. What is probably the best title for the article?
A. Tourism Causes Bad Effects.
B. Tourism Calls for Good Behavior.
C. Vacations Bring a Lot of Fun.
D. Vacations Cost More Than You Think
73. Which of the following is not mentioned?
A. Local people were well paid to leave their lands.
B. Tourists may stay in hotels opened by local people.
C. Local people are mainly provided with low-paying work.
D. Tourists could bargain with local people for a reasonable price.
74. The underlined phrase
A. pay attention
B. take care
C. cheer up
D. calm down
75. According to the passage, the writer thinks
.
A. tourism is not a promising industry
B. dream vacations should be spent abroad
C. the problems caused by tourism are easy to settle
D. tourists should respect local customs and culture
7
Robert Owen was born in Wales in 1771. At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a large private library so
Owen was able to educate himself. He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent(
监工
)
at a Manchester cotton mill. He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.
When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2,000 people. Nobody paid any attention to
the workers' houses or their children's education. The conditions in the factories were very bad. There was a lot of crime and the
men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.
Owen improved the houses. He encouraged people to be clean and save money. He opened a shop and sold the workers
cheap, well-made goods to help them. He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks. Above all, he fixed his mind on the children's
education. In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.
People came from all over the country to visit Owen's factory. They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient
than in other towns. Their children were better fed and better educated. Owen tried the same experiment in the United States.
He bought some land there in 1825,but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his
money.
Owen never stopped fighting for his idea. Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad. He was a practical
man and his ideas were practical.
important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people.
56. For Owen, his greatest achievement in New Lanark was _____________.
A. improving worker's houses
B. helping people to save money
C. preventing men from getting drunk
D.
providing the children with a good education
57. From the passage we may infer that Owen was born ___________.
A. into a rich family
B. into a noble family
C.
into a poor family
D. into a middle class family
58. Owen's experiment in the United States failed because _______.
A. he lost all his money