代词的分类及其用法

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2021年01月24日 02:07
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阿房宫赋练习-眼界作文

2021年1月24日发(作者:奔流不息的意思)
代词

一、代词概念




1
、代词的定义:代替名词、数词、上下文的词句

例:一只狗
it


一个人
she / he

2
、代词的分类


)
人称代词



)
物主代词



)
反身代词



)
指示代词



)
疑问代词



)
连接代词



)
关系代词



)
不定代词

二、人称代词

1
、人称代词作主语时用主格;作宾语时,用人称代词的宾格;









作主格时:她是一个很小心的出租车司机。




















She is a careful taxi-driver.








作宾格时:他们都非常喜欢她。




















They all like her very much.
2
、人称代词作表语时用宾格,尤其在口语中;









谁敲门?

Who is knocking at door?








是我。



It's me.
3

it
的用法

a.
代替上文提到的东西












例:我的钢笔丢了,我找不到它。
















My pen is missing. I cannot find it.








b.
代替事件和情况












例:杰克病了。你听人说起过吗?
















Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?
c.
表示婴儿和未知的人












例:这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩?
















Is it a boy or a girl? It is a boy.








d.
代替
this, that











例:
What is this? This / It is a guitar.















What is that? That / It is a computer.
e
表示时间和天气












例:今天天气很冷。
It is very cold today.















明天是星期天。
It is Sunday tomorrow.
f

表示地点和距离













例:北京离伦敦有多远?


How far is it from Beijing to London?

三、物主代词

1
、物主代词的分类

形容词性物主代词




名词性物主代词

2
、形容词性物主代词






起到形容词作用,只能作定语








例:
dictionary (
字典
)

my dictionary
3
、名词性物主代词






起到名词作用,作主语、表语、宾语和与

连用作定语;










表语




例:这个小刀是我的。
























The/ This knife is mine.









主语




例:我们的教室在一楼,他们的教室在二楼。
























Our classroom is on the 2rd floor.























Theirs is on the 3rd floor.









宾语




例:你可以用我的钢笔,我用他的。
























You may use my pen, I will use his.









定语




例:他是我的一位朋友。
























He is a friend of mine.
4
、考点:用

代替物主代词;












例:他打了她的头。




He hit her on the head.






















士兵腿部受了伤。


The soldier was hurt in the leg.
5
、英语中,类似于“我的”
“你的”词语不能省略;












例:请帮我学英语。

Please help me with my English.





















别把手揣在兜儿里。

Don't put your hands in your pocket.
四、反身代词








反身代词的非强调用法





1
、反身代词一般作宾语;作动词的宾语,表示一 个及物动词的动作重新又回到动作者
本身;

位置在动词后。




例:一只蜡烛照亮了别人,损耗了自己。








A candle lights others and consumes itself.







宽以待人,严于律己。








Forgive others but not yourself.
2
、反身代词的分类:









第一人称






myself


















ourselves








第二人称






yourself

















yourselves






















第三人称






himself /herself/ itself






themselves








不定人称






oneself


















one selves
3
、有些固定的动词后加反身代词,其后的宾语补 语表示主语突然不自觉的或被动的动
作或状态。比如在

find
(找到)
/ here
(听到)
/ catch
(抓住)等动词。





例:自信是走向成功的第一步。











Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.








这部小说对向我这样的初学者来说,太难了。











The novel is too difficult for beginners like myself / me.
4
、介词+反身代词

1)by oneself
独自







例:

He lives by himself.











He did it by himself.











Press the button and door opens by itself.
2)of oneself
自动的







例:

Success will not come of itself to knock at your door.











The door opened of itself
3)for oneself
独自







例:

If you don't believe me, you go there and see for yourself.











His son is old enough to do it for himself.
4) in oneself
本身








例:

You'd better asked patient in herself about her trouble.











The invitation is in itself friendship step.
5) beside oneself

欣喜若狂,高度兴奋







例:

He was beside himself with joy.
6) between ourselves

两者之间







例:

The matter is between ourselves.




among oneself

三者之间







例:

They divided the apples among themselves

反身代词的强调用法


一般作名词或代词的同位语;

1
、位置可置于名词之后,句首、句尾用来加强语气。






例:
The president himself will chair the meeting.









The president will chair the meeting himself.










I myself can't come, but I will ask someone to help.









We ourselves will build our college.
2
、可以将
very own real
等强调词插入反身代词中间,强调该反身代词。





例:
I will go there my own self.








It is her very self you saw.

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