代词的分类及其用法
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2021年01月24日 02:07
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代词
一、代词概念
1
、代词的定义:代替名词、数词、上下文的词句
例:一只狗
it
一个人
she / he
2
、代词的分类
一
)
人称代词
二
)
物主代词
三
)
反身代词
四
)
指示代词
五
)
疑问代词
六
)
连接代词
七
)
关系代词
八
)
不定代词
二、人称代词
1
、人称代词作主语时用主格;作宾语时,用人称代词的宾格;
作主格时:她是一个很小心的出租车司机。
She is a careful taxi-driver.
作宾格时:他们都非常喜欢她。
They all like her very much.
2
、人称代词作表语时用宾格,尤其在口语中;
谁敲门?
Who is knocking at door?
是我。
It's me.
3
、
it
的用法
a.
代替上文提到的东西
例:我的钢笔丢了,我找不到它。
My pen is missing. I cannot find it.
b.
代替事件和情况
例:杰克病了。你听人说起过吗?
Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?
c.
表示婴儿和未知的人
例:这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩?
Is it a boy or a girl? It is a boy.
d.
代替
this, that
例:
What is this? This / It is a guitar.
What is that? That / It is a computer.
e
表示时间和天气
例:今天天气很冷。
It is very cold today.
明天是星期天。
It is Sunday tomorrow.
f
表示地点和距离
例:北京离伦敦有多远?
How far is it from Beijing to London?
三、物主代词
1
、物主代词的分类
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
2
、形容词性物主代词
起到形容词作用,只能作定语
例:
dictionary (
字典
)
my dictionary
3
、名词性物主代词
起到名词作用,作主语、表语、宾语和与
连用作定语;
表语
例:这个小刀是我的。
The/ This knife is mine.
主语
例:我们的教室在一楼,他们的教室在二楼。
Our classroom is on the 2rd floor.
Theirs is on the 3rd floor.
宾语
例:你可以用我的钢笔,我用他的。
You may use my pen, I will use his.
定语
例:他是我的一位朋友。
He is a friend of mine.
4
、考点:用
代替物主代词;
例:他打了她的头。
He hit her on the head.
士兵腿部受了伤。
The soldier was hurt in the leg.
5
、英语中,类似于“我的”
“你的”词语不能省略;
例:请帮我学英语。
Please help me with my English.
别把手揣在兜儿里。
Don't put your hands in your pocket.
四、反身代词
反身代词的非强调用法
1
、反身代词一般作宾语;作动词的宾语,表示一 个及物动词的动作重新又回到动作者
本身;
位置在动词后。
例:一只蜡烛照亮了别人,损耗了自己。
A candle lights others and consumes itself.
宽以待人,严于律己。
Forgive others but not yourself.
2
、反身代词的分类:
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself /herself/ itself
themselves
不定人称
oneself
one selves
3
、有些固定的动词后加反身代词,其后的宾语补 语表示主语突然不自觉的或被动的动
作或状态。比如在
find
(找到)
/ here
(听到)
/ catch
(抓住)等动词。
例:自信是走向成功的第一步。
Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
这部小说对向我这样的初学者来说,太难了。
The novel is too difficult for beginners like myself / me.
4
、介词+反身代词
1)by oneself
独自
例:
He lives by himself.
He did it by himself.
Press the button and door opens by itself.
2)of oneself
自动的
例:
Success will not come of itself to knock at your door.
The door opened of itself
3)for oneself
独自
例:
If you don't believe me, you go there and see for yourself.
His son is old enough to do it for himself.
4) in oneself
本身
例:
You'd better asked patient in herself about her trouble.
The invitation is in itself friendship step.
5) beside oneself
欣喜若狂,高度兴奋
例:
He was beside himself with joy.
6) between ourselves
两者之间
例:
The matter is between ourselves.
among oneself
三者之间
例:
They divided the apples among themselves
反身代词的强调用法
一般作名词或代词的同位语;
1
、位置可置于名词之后,句首、句尾用来加强语气。
例:
The president himself will chair the meeting.
The president will chair the meeting himself.
I myself can't come, but I will ask someone to help.
We ourselves will build our college.
2
、可以将
very own real
等强调词插入反身代词中间,强调该反身代词。
例:
I will go there my own self.
It is her very self you saw.