代词讲解及练习
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月24日 02:11
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八年级语法知识
一、学习目标:
知识目标:
1.
了解代词的分类
2.
重点掌握人称代词、物主代词、不定代词和反身代词
能力目标:学会正确运用各类代词。
情感目标:帮助同学们进行知识的归纳总结,拓宽知识面。
二、重点、难点:
1.
名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法;
2.
常见的不定代词的用法;
三、考情分析:
近年来,全国各地的中考英语试题对代词的考查主要集中在下面三个方面:
1.
不定代词的用法;
2.
物主代词的用法;
3.
人称代词的宾格。
四、知能提升:
(一)知识讲解
代词是用来代替名词并起名词作用的词。代词可分为以下几类:人称 代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互
代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。
I
.
人称代词
人称代词是用来指人、动物或事物的代词。人称代 词有人称、数、格的变化,分为主格、宾格。见下表:
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
主格
I
you
he
she
it
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
they
them
主格
we
you
复数
宾格
us
you
人称代词的用法
(
1
)主格用来作主语,宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语。
He is a student.
(
he
是主格,作句子的主语)
We don’t know him.
(
him
是宾格,作动词
know
的宾语)
Mr Wang is waiting for us outside.
(
us
是宾格,作介词
for
的宾语)
【考题链接】
①
I’m going skating. Would you like to go with
?
A. me
B. I
C. my
D. mine
答案:
A
解 题思路:
句意是
“我打算去滑冰,
你愿意和我一起去吗?”
介词
wi th
后需要接代词作宾语。
my
和
mine
意为“我的”
, 不符合题意。
I
是主格,而
me
是宾格,可以作宾语。故选
A
。
②
—Who’s your English teacher?
—
Miss Gao. She teaches
English very well.
A. our
B. us
C. ours
D. we
为每一个家庭负责,帮助每一个学生成功!
答案:
B
解题思路:
固定短语
teach sb. st h.
“教某人某事”
,
teach
后接双宾语,其中人称代词要用宾格形式。 所以
选
B
。
(
2
)
it
作人称代词的用法。
①代表不知性别的孩子或婴儿或只闻其声、不见其人的人。
The bell rings again. Go and see who it is.
【考题链接】
—
Who is singing in the next room?
—
must be Maria.
A. It
B. She
C. This
D. There
答案:
A
解题思路:
句意为“谁在隔壁唱歌?”
“肯定是
Maria
。
”对只 闻其声、不见其人的人用
it
。
②用来指时间、天气、距离等。
It is ten thirty now.
It was snowing this morning.
How far is it from here to the park?
③作形式主语和形式宾语。
It is hard for me to work out the problem.
I find it hard to learn English well.
【考题链接】
Most young people find
exciting to watch a football match.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
答案:
A
解题思路:
在这个句子中
it< br>作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语。常用句型为“主语
+think / consider /
find + it + adj. + to do sth.
”
[即学即练]
1. Do you know the girl between Mary and
?
A. she
B. I
C. his
D. me
2.
isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.
A. That
B. Which
C. It
D. This
3.
have a lot of work to do.
A. He, you and I
B. You, he and I
C. I, you and he
D. I, he and you
4. We find
impossible to get
there before 8 o’clock.
A. her
B. it
C. this
D. that
5. Yesterday was Dad’s birthday. I gave
a scarf as a present.
A. he
B. him
C. his
II
.
物主代词
一)物主代词的分类
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主 代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主
代词两种,其人称和数的变化见下表。
数
人称
种类
形容词性物主
代词
单数
第一
人称
my
第二
人称
your
第三
人称
his
her
its
第一
人称
our
复数
第二
人称
your
第三
人称
their
为每一个家庭负责,帮助每一个学生成功!
名词性物主代
词
汉语
mine
我的
yours
你的
his
他的
hers
她的
its
它的
ours
我们的
yours
你们的
theirs
他(她、
它)们的
二)物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,放在名词之前作定语。例如:
I love my family.
Is this your bike?
【考题链接】
Mary has got a lovely dog.
name is Oliver. (it)
答案:
Its
解题思路:
name
是名词,前面应该填写的是形容词性的物主代词作定语。
名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语、表语以及与“
of
”连用。
1.
名词性物主代词用作主语。
This is your bike. Mine is there.
—
Are these their sweaters?
—
No, theirs are on the bed.
2.
名词性物主代词用作宾语。
He likes his coat. I like mine.
My pen is broken. May I use yours?
3.
名词性物主代词用作表语。
This is my book. That is yours.
Whose bag is it? It’s his.
4.
名词性物主代词与“
of
”连用。
(属双重所有格的一种形式)
Tom is an old friend of mine.
【考题链接】
—
Excuse me, is this
watch?
—No, it’s not
. It’s Tom’s.
A. your; my
B. yours; mine
C. you; it
D. your; mine
答案:
D
解题思路:
第 一个空应该用形容词性物主代词
your
修饰名词
watch
,因为形容词性 物主代词用作定语,
放在名词前,因此可排除
B
、
C
。第二空应用名 词性物主代词,因为名词性物主代词单独使用,相当于一个
名词的作用,所以排除
A
。 故选
D
。
[即学即练]
1.
—
Is this your bike, David?
—No, it’s not
. It’s Helen’s.
A. his
B. yours
C. mine
D. hers
2.
—
Who is the best friend of
?
—
I think Mary is.
A. you
B. your
C. yours
D. yourself
3. Something is wrong with your car. Don’t worry, you c
an use
.(we)
III
.
指示代词(
this, that, these, those
)
1.
指示代词有单复数之分,既可指物,也可用于介绍人。
This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree.
为每一个家庭负责,帮助每一个学生成功!
These are my friends, and that is my sister.
2. this
和
these
常指后面将要讲到的事物;
that
和
tho se
多指前面讲过的事物。
I will say this to you: he is an honest man.
He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come.
3.
在打电话时,
this
表示“ 我”
,
that
表示“你”
。
—Hello! This is Mike. Who’s that?
—
Hello! This is John.
4. that
和
those
可用来代替前面提到过的名词,以免重复,
that
代替单数名词或不可数名词,
those
代替复
数名词。
The weather of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.
The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those made in Tianjin.
【考题链接】
The pears in my basket are smaller than
in Jim
’
s.
A. it
B. that
C. ones
D. those
答案:
D
解题思路:
在表示比较的句 子中指代单数的人或物时用
that
,指代复数的人或物时用
those
。本 题中指代
的是比较的另一方
pears
,故选
those
。
[即学即练]
1.
—
Hello, who
’
s
?
—
Hello,
is Mary speaking.
A. this, that
B. that, this
C. this, this
D. that, that
2. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than
in Shanghai.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. its
3. There was something wrong with my bike.
is why I was late.
A. That
B. This
C. These
D. Those
IV
.
反身代词
反身代词指动作返回到动作执行者本身 或进行强调。与人称代词一样,反身
代词的人称、数要与它所指代的名词或代词一致。
数
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
1.
反身代词在句中可作同位语,起强调作用,也可作动词或介词的宾语。
A few days later, I myself had to go to Paris.
= A few days later, I had to go to Paris myself. (
作同位语
)
She bought herself a new bag. (
作动词的宾语
)
He’s not worried about himself. (
作介词的宾语
)
2.
反身代词与
by
连用,意为“独自”
。
Can you cook dinner by yourself?
3.
带有反身代词的常用短语。
为每一个家庭负责,帮助每一个学生成功!
teach oneself
自学
help oneself to
随便吃
/
喝些……
say to oneself
自言自语
learn…by oneself = teach oneself
自学……
enjoy oneself
过得愉快
dress oneself
自己穿衣服
【考题链接】
1.
—
Did you enjoy
at the party, Jimmy?
—
Yes, Mum. I enjoyed
very much.
A. yours; ourselves
B. yourselves; myself
C. yourself; myself
D. yourselves; ourselves
答案:
C
解题思路:
由答 语中的“
I
”推知两空都应用单数形式的反身代词,再由句意可判断应选
C
。
2. John and Dicky are too busy to help us. Let
’
s do it
.
A. herself
B. himself
C. themselves
D. ourselves
答案:
D
解题思路:
句意为“
John
和
Dicky
太忙了没法帮助咱们,咱们自己做吧。
”
[即学即练]
1. The little boy asked
,
“
What should I do?
”
A. he
B. himself
C. his
2.
—
What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?
—
I made it by
.
A. me
B. himself
C. myself
D. itself
3. I guess Tom and his sister Gina enjoyed
at the party.
A. myself
B. himself
C. herself
D. themselves
V
.
不定代词
不指明所代替的名词,
而起到名词或形容词作用的代词叫不定代词 。
不定代词有名词性和形容词性之分,
既可起名词的作用,也可起形容词的作用;并有可数与不 可数的区别。
常见不定代词的用法
一)
one
和
it
的用法
为了避免同一名词重复 使用,常用
one
或
it
来代替前面提到的某个单数名词。其区别是:
it
只能用来指
物,它所代替的东西是前面提到过的那件特指的某物,指的是同类 同物。
one
用来代替前面刚提到的同类事
物,但不是同一件;
one
的前面可用
the, this, that, which
以及形容词等词修饰。
I lost my pen yesterday. I want to buy a new one.
I bought a new pen yesterday, and I gave it to my sister.
【考题链接】
1.
—
Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy
?
—
In Shanghai. Do you want to have
like this?
A. it; one
B. it; it
C. one; it
D. one; one
答案:
A
解题思 路:
句意为“你的手表很漂亮,在哪儿买的呀?”
“在上海。你想买一个这样的吗?”在表示替
代时,
it
指上文出现的那个名词;
one
指代与上文名词一类的事 物之一。根据句意,应选
A
。
2.
—
Two Evening Papers, please!
—
Only one copy left. Would you like to have
, sir?
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
答案:
B
解题思路:
句意为“请拿两份《晚报》
”
“只剩 一份了,您想要吗,先生?”指代上文提到的那份报纸,