高中代词专项讲解
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2021年01月24日 02:17
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高二化学教学计划-描写春天的散文
Whenever you have an aim you must
sacrifice
something
of
freedom
to
attain
it.
代词专项
【考点归纳】
1.
人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法
;
2.
名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法
;
3
反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法
;
4
常见不定代词的一般用法
;
5.
指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法
;
6.
相互代词的基本用法
;
7.
疑问代词的基本用法。
8.
关系代词的基本用法。
【专题讲解】
一、代词分类
代词是代替名词、形容词 和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问 代词、不定代词、关系代词等
二.代词基本用法及考点
第
1
页
共
15
页
【
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
from failure
】
人
称
单复数
主格
宾格
形
容
词
性
物主代
词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
第一人称
单数
复数
I
we
you
you
he
She
it
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
My
our
your
your
his
her
Its
their
Mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
无
theirs
Myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
第二人称
单数
复数
第三人称
单数
复数
they
试体会下列人称代词的用法:
(
1
)
he seated himself at the back of the classroom.
(反身代词只作宾语、同位
语和表语)
(
2
)
Please help yourself to some fish.
(
3
)
Sometimes he doesn’t believe in himself.
-
(
4
)
Who is knocking at the door
?
It’s me.
(
5
)
The poor boy was himself.
(
6
)
This book is mine
,
not his.
(
7
)
He’s an old friend of mine
,
not hers.
(
8
)
You
,
he and i have worked together for ten years.
(注意人称代词的顺序)
第
2
页
共
15
页
【
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
from failure
】
(
9
)
Nice to see you here. me
,
too.
(这里不能用
I
:我也如此。)
(
10
)
All of us should learn from them all.
(一)人称代词
1
、基本用法
1
)作主语用主格。
作宾语用宾格。
作表语多用宾格。
We meet him in the street yesterday.
---Who is it?
---
It’s me.
注:在
but, except, than , as
之后,可用主格或宾格,句义不变。
I’m as tall as she(her).
2
)
she
可以代表
―
国家,
船只,
大地,
月亮
‖
。
he
指
―
太阳
‖
。
China has risen. She in no longer what she used to be.
3)
排列顺序
(单数人称:
二
三
一;
复数人称:一
二
三)
You, he and I should do that.
We, you and they must help each other in our studies.
注:在承担责任、错误时,顺序为一
二
三。
I and my sister are to blame.
2
、考点
1
)
作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语 动词的句子中,
或在这种句子
中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。
—
Does any of you know where Tom lives?
—
Me.
What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!
2
)
it
的用法及习惯搭配。
(二)物主代词
第
3
页
共
15
页
【
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
from failure
】
代词中第一个
―
小个性
‖
就是物主代词。
像
my
和
mine
这两个小冤家总是让人
分不清谁是谁。
但你只要记住它们最重要的区别
—
my
的后面一定要接名词,
不可
以单独出现,只能做定语,如:
my father;
而
mine
则是名词性,只能单独出现,
在句中做主语和表语。如:
Mine is green. It's mine.
记住这两个句子,凡是名词性
物主代词
(yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs)
就都可以放在
mine
的位置上了。
这样,
通
过它们出现的位置不同,我们就可以把它们区别开了。
1.
基本用法
1
)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只作定语,
不作表语。
My hometown,
his school,
their future….
2) < br>名词性物主代词等于
―
形容词性物主代词
+
名词
‖
, 可以作主语、宾语、表
语。
You love your country and we love ours.
---Whose bag is this?
---
It’s hers.
2.
考点
1
)
one’s own…=...of one’s own
句式的转换。
I want to have a car of my own.= I want to have my own car.
2
)
―
介词
+ the +
身体部位
‖
此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替
the
。
The robber knocked her on the back.
(三)反身代词
代词的第二个
―
罗嗦
‖
就是它有一个小跟班
-self(selves)
—
反身代词 ,也就是表
示
―
自己、亲自
‖
的意思。关于反身代词,需要注意的是 她不能单独做主语,但可
以放在人称代词后面,做同位语。
第
4
页
共
15
页
【
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
from failure
】
1.
反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
One should not praise oneself.
She often speaks to herself.
She is not quite herself.
The table itself has only three legs.
2.
考点
1)
谓语动词的宾语为主语本身,该宾语用反身代词。
She found herself in a different world.
2)
带有反身代词的惯用语。
enjoy oneself,
feel oneself,
make oneself at home,
make oneself
understood
,
help yourself to…,
seat oneself,
dress oneself,
call oneself,
teach oneself,
by oneself,
to oneself,
of oneself,
for oneself,
talk to oneself
in oneself
(四)相互代词
(
each other, one another
)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为
each
other’s
、
one another’s ,
作定语。一般来说,
each other
指两者之间,
one another
指
三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。
We
should
learn
from
each
other
/
one
another.
(
作宾语
)
Do
you
often
write
to
each
other
/
one
another?
(
作宾语
)
We
often
borrow
each
other's
/
one
another's
books.
(
作定语
)
The
students
corrected
each
other's
/
one
another's
mistakes
in
their
homew
ork.(
作定语
)
(五)指示代词
(
this, that , these, those, such, same
)
第
5
页
共
15
页
【
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
from failure
】
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或
表语等。
1.
指示代词
this/ these
和
that/ those
的区别。
①
this (these)
一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物。
that(those)
常指时间或空间
较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②
this
常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;
that
则指前面讲到过的事物,
有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③
考点:为了避免重复,常用
that
或
those
代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
2. such
和
same
的用法。
①
such
指―
这样的
‖
人或事,在句中作主语和定语。
Such was the story.
We have never seen such a tall building.
②
the same
指
―
同样的
‖< br>人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
The same can be said of the other article.
(六)疑问代词
(
who, whom, which, what, whose
)
疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
/what
询问姓名或关系用
who
。
—
Who is he?
—
He is my brother./He is Henry.
询问职业或地位用
what
。
—
What is he
?
—
He is a lawyer/teacher.
第
6
页
共
15
页
【
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
from failure
】
2. which
表示在一定范围内,而
who、
what
则无此限制。
I found two books on the is yours?
(七)连接代词和关系代词
(非重点)
连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有
who
、whom
、
whose
、
what
、
which
以及它们与
ever
合成的代词
whoever
、
whomeve r
、
whatever
、
whichever
等。它们
用来 引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并在
从句中担任一定的句子成分, 以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加
that.
关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,< br>它们包括
who
、
whom
、
whose
、
which
、
that
等。这两类代词的用法详见
―
名词性从句‖
和
―
定语从句
‖
部分。
(八)不定代词(中考重点)
不定代词主要有:
all
、
each
、
every
、
both
、
either
、
neither
、
one
、
none
、
litt le
、
few
、
many
、
much
、
o ther
、
another
、
some
、
any
、
no
等。还有由
some
、
any
、
no
和
every
构成合成代词,
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,
并有可数和 不可数之
分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(
every
、
no
只能作
定语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。
1. one, some
与
any:
1) one
可以泛指任何 人,也可特指,复数为
ones
。
some
多用于肯定句,
any< br>多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
第
7
页
共
15
页
【
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
from failure
】