关系代词
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2021年01月24日 02:19
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关系代词
1
、关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作 一定的句子成
分,例如:
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。
(该
句中
whom
既代表先行词
the girl
,又在从句中作介词
to
的宾语。
)
2
、关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从
句中,
that
可指人也可指物,
见表:
指人
指物
which
that
指人或物
that
that
主格
who
宾格
who
m
属格
whos
whose/of
e
例如:
which
of
which/whose
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose
指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语
)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.
他回来取他丢下
的书。
(
which
指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
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★关系代词的用法
1
、关系代词的句法功能
1
)关系代词在句中作主语
例如:
I prefer music that/which has great lyrics
2
)关系代词在句中作宾语
例如:
I like music that I can sing along with.
3
)关系代词在句中作表语
例如:
The house is not the one (that) it used to be.
2
、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语
例如:
Is she the teacher whose hair is very short?
3
、关系代词的用法
1
)
wh o
和
whom
的用法:
二者都用于指人。
Who
在定语从句 中作主语、
宾语,
whom
在定语从句 中作宾语。
Whom
在从句中能坐介词的宾语,而
who
则不能。
例如:
I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at
a party
in the shopping center yesterday.
2
)
whose
的用法:一般指人,有时也指物。在 定语从句中作定语。
例如:
I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics.
3
)
which
的用法:一般指物,在定语从 句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。
例如:
The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.
4
)
that
的用法:指人或物,指人时可与< br>who
、
whom
互换,指物时可与
that
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互换。在
从句中可作主语、宾语,还可作表语。
例如:
It is a book (that/which) no one really likes.
4
、用
who
不用
that
的情况
1
)先行词是指人的不定代词时
例如:
Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who
entered
the competitions.
2
)先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时
例如:
The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his
mother.
3
)用在
there be
结构中。
例如:
There is a young man who wants to see you.
4
)避免重复或引起歧义。
例如:
The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who
has just come from Shanghai.
5
)当先行词是
I, you, he, they
等时(常用语谚语之中)
。
例如:
He who plays with fire gets burned.
6
)先行词如是指成员的集体名词,关系代词也用
who
。
例如:
The family, who live upstairs, are fond of music.
7
)先行词如是拟人化名词,关系代词也可用
who
。
例如:
You will see the worker ants,who gather food for themselves and
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