代词专题讲解训练(附答案)
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月24日 02:25
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学习雷锋名言-期中考试后的反思
代词专题讲解训练
代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征 及其在句中的作用分为:人称
代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和 关系代词等。
一、
人称代词
1.
人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。
2.
人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:
I like table tennis.
(作主语)
Do you know him?
(作宾语)
3.
人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:
---Whos is knocking at the door?
---
It’s
me.
4.
人称代词在
than
之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如< br>:
He is older than me.
He is older than I am.
二、物主代词
1.
表示所有关系的代词 叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如
下表所示。
2.
形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3.
名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.
(作主语)
--- Is this English-book yours?
(作表语)
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?
(作宾语)
三、指示代词
指示代词包括:
this
,
that
,
these
,
those
。
1. this
和
these
一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,
that
和
those
则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:
This is a pen and that is a pencil
.
We are busy these days
.
In those days the workers had a hard time
.
2.
有时
that
和
those
指前面讲到过的事物,
this
和
these
则是指下面将要讲
到的事物,例如:
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is this pronunciat
ion is very important in learning English
.
3.
有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用
t hat
或
those
代替,例如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai
.
4. this
在电话用语中代表自己,
that
则代表对方。例如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
四、反身代词
英语中用来表示
“
我自己
”
,“
你自己
”
,
“
他自己
”
,
“
我们自己
”
,
“
你们自己
”
等意义的代词
称为反 身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。
反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
1.
作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人
或一些人。
He called himself a writer
.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2.
作表语。
It doesn't matter
.
I'll be myself soon
.
The girl in the news is myself
.
3.
作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes
.
(
=I washed the clothes myself.
)
(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself
.
(作宾语同位语)
五、
不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表
语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:
1. some
与
any
的区别
1
)
some
多用于肯定句,表示
“
一些,几个
”
作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词< br>+
单数动词;②可数名词
+
复数动词。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
2
)
any
多用于疑问句、条件 句和否定句中,表示
“
一些,任何
”
用作形容词时,后面可
以接①不 可数名词
+
单数动词;②可数名词
+
复数动词。
If you have an
y questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
Have you got any tea?
3
)
any
和
some
也可以作代词用,表示
“
一些
”
。
any
多用于疑 问句或否定句中,
some
多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can't see any.
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
【注意】与
some, any
结合的词如
something, somebody, someone, anything, any
one, anybody
在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和
some, any
的用法相同。
2. few, a few, little, a little
在用法上的区别
1
)用作形容词:
含义
用法
用于可数名词
用于不可数名词
a few
虽少,但有几个
a little
,虽少,但有一点
few
不多,几乎没有
little
不多,没有什么
表示肯定
表示否定
I'm going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
2
)
a little
和
little
也可以用作副词,
a little
表 示
“
有点,稍微
”
,
little
表示
“
很少
”
。
I'm a little hungry. (
修饰形容词
hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (
修饰动词
sleep)
Mary, go a
little faster, please. (
修饰副词比较级
)
She slept very little last night.
3. other, the other, another, others, the others
的区别。
用
法
不定
单数
another
另一个
特定
the other
另一个
代名词
复数
others
别人,其他人
the others
单数
another (boy)
另一个(男孩)
the other (boy)
形容词
复数
other (boys)
其他男孩
the other (boys)
其余那些男孩
其余那些人、
物
另一个男孩
1
)
< br>other
可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是
“
其他的、别 的
”
。
Where are his other books?
I haven't any other books except this one.
2
)
other
也可以用作代词,
与冠词
the
连用构成
“the other”
,
表示两个人或物中的
“
另一个
”
。
常与
one搭配构成
“one ..., the other ...”
句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
3
)
other
作代词用时,可以有复 数
“others”
,泛指
“
另外的人或物
”
。常与
some
搭配构成
“some
...., others ...”
句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
4
)
“the others”
表示特指某范围内的
“
其他的人或物
”
。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
5
)
another
可以作形容词用,修饰后面 的名词,意为
“
另一个
”
,还可以跟代词
one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?