(完整)高中英语代词讲解
温柔似野鬼°
794次浏览
2021年01月24日 02:37
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
给予树教学设计-好的作文题目
高中英语
代
词用法小结
代词可以分为下列九类:
1
人称代词
2
物主代词
3
自身代词
4.
相互代词
5.
指示代词)
6.
疑
问代词
7.
关系代词
8.
连接代词
9
不定代词
一、
人称代词
英语中主要有以下这些人称代词:
数
单数
复数
格
人称
一
二
三
一
二
三
主格
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
人称代词做主语时用主格,做宾语时用宾格。
在作表语时,用宾格较多,例如:
Who is knocking at the door? ---
It’s
me.
但在强调结构中却常用主格:
It was he who did it.
It is she who wants this clothes.
在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意:
1
)
she
可以用来代表国家,船只,大地,月亮等。
e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.
2)
在并列的主语中,
I
总放在最后。
e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.
3)
第三人称,男女两性并用时,男先女后。
He and she still don
’
t agree to the plan.
二、
物主代词
英语中主要有下列这些物主代词:
类
型
我的
你的
他
(她,
它)
我们的
你
们
他们的
词义
的
的
形容词性物主代词
my
your
His, her, its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
His,hers, its
ours
yours
theirs
1.
形容词性的物主代词只能作定语,如
my brother
名词性的物主代词可以作:
1
)
表语
Whose dictionary is this? ----it
’
s mine.
2)
主语
Ours is a big family.
3)
宾语
Let
’
s clean their room first and ours later.
2.
“
of +
名词性物主代词
”
可用作定语
That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is
……
.
三
、自(反)身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
Itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
1
.这些词可用来:
1
)
作宾语
I can
’
t express myself in English.
2)
作表语
I am not quite myself these days.
我近来身体不大舒服。
※
3
)作主语或宾语的同位语
The theory itself is all right.
在作同位语时,自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”
They must make investigation themselves.
他们必须亲自作调查。
与
by oneself
较难区分
By oneself
译为“一个人干(不要别人帮助)
”
They made the machine all by themselves.
这机器完全是他们自己制造的。
1
2
.自身代词常和某些动词连用
Enjoy oneself, behave oneself(
使自己举止良好
)
,
help yourself to sth.
请随便吃点。
。
。
Come to oneself
苏醒
3
.常与某些介词连用
By oneself
一个人做(不要别人帮助)
For oneself
替自己,自己
He has a right to decide for himself.
他有权自己决定。
In oneself
本身
This is not a bad idea in itself.
这主意本身并不错。
To oneself
供自己用
She had a room to herself.
她自己住一间房。
注意:反身代词不能单独作主语;也不能作定语
eg
:
himself room(
ⅹ
) his own room(
√
)
四、
相互代词
One another
与
each other
由于表示相互关系,称为相互代词,两者的用法是差不多的。
We can help one another (each other).
We are eager to learn from each other.
我们都急欲向彼此学习。
五、
指示代词
有
this, that, these, those.
注意:
1
.
前面刚提到的东西,英语中常用
that (
或
those)
表示,而汉语中却常用“这”表示。
e.g. We have no time to do it. That
’
s our trouble.
我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。
2.
指下面要谈到的事物时,常用
this,
例如
I want to know this: has John been here?
3 those
在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现,表示人们或东西(后面多有一定定语修饰)
Those who wish to go to the concert may sign up here.
He was among those who attended it.
他是到会人之一。
六、
疑问代词
有
who, whom, whose, what, which
都是来构成特殊问 句的。
Who
通常做主语和表语,
whom
做宾语。
1. what, who
一般来说,
what
问的是职业或地位,
who
问的是姓名。
----What was her husband?
---- He was a lawyer.
比较
---- Who was her husband?
----- He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.
2 .which, what
Which
用于已知情况的选择,
其后可以跟
of,
而
what
用于未知情况的疑问,
其后不能跟
of.
What fruit do you like best?
Which do you like better, oranges or apples?
3.
在以这类代词做主 语时,后面的动词可以用复数形式,也可以用单数形式,要看所代表的
人或物是复数还是单数来决定。< br>e.g. Who live(s) in this room?
如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数,则动词多用单数形式。
-----What
’
s there on the desk?
-----
There’re
some books on it.
七
、关系代词:
关系代词有
who, whom, whose, that, which
,是用来引起定语从句的。它一面
2
代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词(或代词)
,一面又在从句内担任一个成分。
The worker
who
invented the machine is now studying at Qinghua University.
Who
指这个工人,在从句中做主语。
He is no longer the man that he was. That
指这个
man,
在从句中做表语。
, whom
。
Who, whom
代表人,在从句中做主语时用
who,
做宾语时用
whom.
The girl who spoke is my best friend.
I want to find someone with whom I can discuss such things.
。代表“某个人的”
,在从句中做定语。
Do you know anyone whose family is in Xi
’
an?
3. which
代表事物,在从句中可以用作主语和宾语。
He told a story which moved us deeply.
4 that
代表事物的时候更多些,也可代表人,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语。
需要注意以下几点:
1
.
在先行词是
anything, all, much
等词的句子中,多用
that,
不要用
which.
I never took anything that
didn’t
belong to me.
2.
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种,在限制性定语从句中,如果前面紧挨着介词 ,则不能
用
that.
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
3.
在非限制性定从中,不能用
that,
只能用
who, whom
代表人,用
which
代表物。
My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.
在这种从句中,
which
有时可代表前面说的整个情况或主句的某一部分,而不只代 表一个词。
He failed his exam, which proves that he
wasn’t
working hard enough.
八
、连接代词:
疑问代词都可以用作连接代词,来引起主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句。
e.g. It is not decided who will hold the meeting?
Do you know whose pen it is?
The question is whom I should trust.
1
代词
what
有时可以用来表示
the thing which
这种意思。
What
(the thing which) she lacks is experience.
We should never pretend to know
what
we don
’
t know. (
这里常出现
that
这个迷惑项。
)
2 who(m), which, what
可以和
ever
构成合成词,
和前 面所提到的疑问代词一样,
引导主从或宾
从。
(也就是
whatever, whichever, whoever
的用法)
Whatever he did was right.
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
※九、
不定代词:
英语中有下面这些不定代词:
all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none,
little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.
以及一些复合不定代词,
如:
anyone, anybody,
anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing.
1. none, no one, nothing
的用法区别
(
1
)
none
即可指人,也可指物,且一定是特指,常用来回答
how many/much
引导的疑问句;
no one
只能指人,而且只能是泛指概念,常 来回答
who
引导的疑问句;
nothing
侧重于物,常
用来回答
what
引导的疑问句。
----How many people are there in the room?
3