(完整)高中英语代词讲解

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2021年01月24日 02:37
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2021年1月24日发(作者:冰心少年)
高中英语

词用法小结

代词可以分为下列九类:
1
人称代词
2
物主代词
3
自身代词
4.
相互代词
5.
指示代词)
6.

问代词
7.
关系代词
8.
连接代词
9
不定代词

一、

人称代词
英语中主要有以下这些人称代词:










单数

复数







人称













主格

I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
宾格

me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
人称代词做主语时用主格,做宾语时用宾格。

在作表语时,用宾格较多,例如:
Who is knocking at the door? ---
It’s
me.
但在强调结构中却常用主格:
It was he who did it.
It is she who wants this clothes.
在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意:

1

she
可以用来代表国家,船只,大地,月亮等。

e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.
2)
在并列的主语中,
I
总放在最后。
e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.
3)
第三人称,男女两性并用时,男先女后。
He and she still don

t agree to the plan.
二、

物主代词

英语中主要有下列这些物主代词:






我的


你的


(她,
它)
我们的



他们的

词义





形容词性物主代词

my
your
His, her, its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词

mine
yours
His,hers, its
ours
yours
theirs
1.
形容词性的物主代词只能作定语,如
my brother
名词性的物主代词可以作:

1


表语
Whose dictionary is this? ----it

s mine.
2)
主语

Ours is a big family.
3)
宾语
Let

s clean their room first and ours later.
2.

of +
名词性物主代词

可用作定语

That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is
……
.


、自(反)身代词

单数

myself
yourself
himself
herself
Itself
复数

ourselves
yourselves








themselves
1
.这些词可用来:

1


作宾语
I can

t express myself in English.
2)
作表语
I am not quite myself these days.
我近来身体不大舒服。


3
)作主语或宾语的同位语
The theory itself is all right.
在作同位语时,自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”

They must make investigation themselves.
他们必须亲自作调查。


by oneself
较难区分


By oneself
译为“一个人干(不要别人帮助)


They made the machine all by themselves.
这机器完全是他们自己制造的。


1
2
.自身代词常和某些动词连用

Enjoy oneself, behave oneself(
使自己举止良好
)


help yourself to sth.
请随便吃点。



Come to oneself
苏醒

3
.常与某些介词连用

By oneself
一个人做(不要别人帮助)

For oneself
替自己,自己



He has a right to decide for himself.
他有权自己决定。

In oneself
本身



This is not a bad idea in itself.
这主意本身并不错。

To oneself
供自己用


She had a room to herself.
她自己住一间房。

注意:反身代词不能单独作主语;也不能作定语
eg

himself room(

) his own room(

)
四、

相互代词

One another

each other
由于表示相互关系,称为相互代词,两者的用法是差不多的。

We can help one another (each other).
We are eager to learn from each other.
我们都急欲向彼此学习。

五、

指示代词


this, that, these, those.
注意:

1


前面刚提到的东西,英语中常用
that (

those)
表示,而汉语中却常用“这”表示。

e.g. We have no time to do it. That

s our trouble.
我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。

2.
指下面要谈到的事物时,常用
this,
例如

I want to know this: has John been here?
3 those
在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现,表示人们或东西(后面多有一定定语修饰)

Those who wish to go to the concert may sign up here.
He was among those who attended it.
他是到会人之一。

六、

疑问代词


who, whom, whose, what, which
都是来构成特殊问 句的。
Who
通常做主语和表语,
whom
做宾语。

1. what, who

一般来说,
what
问的是职业或地位,
who
问的是姓名。

----What was her husband?
---- He was a lawyer.
比较

---- Who was her husband?




----- He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.
2 .which, what


Which
用于已知情况的选择,
其后可以跟
of,

what
用于未知情况的疑问,
其后不能跟
of.
What fruit do you like best?
Which do you like better, oranges or apples?
3.
在以这类代词做主 语时,后面的动词可以用复数形式,也可以用单数形式,要看所代表的
人或物是复数还是单数来决定。< br>e.g. Who live(s) in this room?

如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数,则动词多用单数形式。

-----What

s there on the desk?
-----
There’re
some books on it.


、关系代词:
关系代词有
who, whom, whose, that, which
,是用来引起定语从句的。它一面

2
代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词(或代词)
,一面又在从句内担任一个成分。

The worker
who
invented the machine is now studying at Qinghua University.
Who
指这个工人,在从句中做主语。

He is no longer the man that he was. That
指这个
man,
在从句中做表语。

, whom

Who, whom
代表人,在从句中做主语时用
who,
做宾语时用
whom.
The girl who spoke is my best friend.
I want to find someone with whom I can discuss such things.

。代表“某个人的”
,在从句中做定语。

Do you know anyone whose family is in Xi

an?
3. which
代表事物,在从句中可以用作主语和宾语。

He told a story which moved us deeply.
4 that
代表事物的时候更多些,也可代表人,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语。

需要注意以下几点:

1


在先行词是
anything, all, much
等词的句子中,多用
that,
不要用
which.
I never took anything that
didn’t
belong to me.
2.
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种,在限制性定语从句中,如果前面紧挨着介词 ,则不能

that.
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
3.
在非限制性定从中,不能用
that,
只能用
who, whom
代表人,用

which
代表物。

My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.
在这种从句中,
which
有时可代表前面说的整个情况或主句的某一部分,而不只代 表一个词。

He failed his exam, which proves that he
wasn’t
working hard enough.


、连接代词:
疑问代词都可以用作连接代词,来引起主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句。

e.g. It is not decided who will hold the meeting?
Do you know whose pen it is?
The question is whom I should trust.
1
代词
what
有时可以用来表示
the thing which
这种意思。

What
(the thing which) she lacks is experience.
We should never pretend to know
what
we don

t know. (
这里常出现
that
这个迷惑项。
)
2 who(m), which, what
可以和
ever
构成合成词,
和前 面所提到的疑问代词一样,
引导主从或宾
从。
(也就是
whatever, whichever, whoever
的用法)

Whatever he did was right.
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
※九、

不定代词:
英语中有下面这些不定代词:
all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none,
little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.
以及一些复合不定代词,
如:
anyone, anybody,
anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing.

1. none, no one, nothing
的用法区别


1

none
即可指人,也可指物,且一定是特指,常用来回答
how many/much
引导的疑问句;
no one
只能指人,而且只能是泛指概念,常 来回答
who
引导的疑问句;
nothing
侧重于物,常
用来回答
what
引导的疑问句。

----How many people are there in the room?

3

给予树教学设计-好的作文题目


给予树教学设计-好的作文题目


给予树教学设计-好的作文题目


给予树教学设计-好的作文题目


给予树教学设计-好的作文题目


给予树教学设计-好的作文题目


给予树教学设计-好的作文题目


给予树教学设计-好的作文题目