完成时(现在完成时,过完成时,将来完成时)
巡山小妖精
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2021年01月25日 00:35
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主题教育活动总结-
完成时
现在完成时
指过去发生的事对现在的影响和联系
（一般过去时的动作与现在无联系，
表示的时间与现在
相隔离）
a.
与表示不确定的过去时间连用
(yet just ever never before already recently lately once twice,
three times
）
1.------Have you ever read Hamlet?
------Yes,I read it in 1960.
2.----I haven
’
t seen that film yet.
-----Oh,I saw it last night.
you ever seen each other before?
When did you see each other?
4.----Have you seen the film Gone with the Wind?
----Yes.I ________it three times when I was at college.
seen
B
.saw
seen
seen
b.
常与表示到现在为止的时间状语连用，表示到 现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况
（
since,for
…
.,so far,in the past
…
,this week/morning/summer,these to now,till now
）
He has learned a good deal since he came here.
He has live in London for quite a long time.
（至今还住在这里，偶可理解为刚刚搬走）
He lived in London for 5 years.(
现以不住伦敦
)
So far the work has been easy.
I have been to the dentist
’
s this minring.(
话是在中午以前说的
)
I went to the dentist
’
s this morning.(
当天下午或晚上讲的
)
关于现在完成时用法的几点补充说明
1.
have/has got=have/has
have/has got do=have/has to do
2.
since
问题
I haven
’
t seen him since last week.
I met him in 1975 and haven
’
t seen him since.
He
’
s live here(ever)since he was born.
Great changes have taken place here since he left.
I haven
’
t heard from him since he lived in Shanghai.(
自从他离开上海以来
)
It is
……
since
…
..
It is a long time since we met last.
How long is it since he left Shanghai?
It seems a long time since we last met.
It feels like ages since I was there.
3.
It is the first time(that)
……
.
It is the first time I
’
ve been here.
It's the first time I
’
ve explained this particular aspect of grammar.
That was the second time I
’
d visited China.
(Come go leave arrive reach return borrow return reach lend buy receive begin star die marry join)
Come/arrive here
be here
go/get out
be out
go/leave/move
be away/off
become a member
be a member
join an organisation
be in an organisation
start
be on
end
be over
return/come/go back
be back
fall asleep/go to sllep
be asleep
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时时现在完成时与及进行时的结合形式
have/has been doing
…
.
表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻还在进行。
（
for
two
hours,
since
early
morning, these few days
）
We
’
ve been listening to the tape- recording for half an hour.
They have been working on the docks these few days.
现在完成进行时也可 用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始，
一尺延续到说话时刻，
在说话时刚
刚结束。
A.
Sorry, I
’
ve kept you waiting.
B.
It
’
s all right. I
’
ve been reading newspapers.
A.
Where have you been? We
’
ve been looking for you everywhere.
B.
I
’
ve been working in the fields.
过去完成时
一、
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前 已经完成或结束，
强调过去的过去
（而
一般过去时表示过去某时或某段时间里发生的动 作或存在的状态）
1. T
he meeting started at six o’
clock.
The meeting had started when we arrived at the hall.
2. They went to school together when they were boys.
3. They told me
that the parcel had arrived on April 15
th
.
The parcel arrived on April15th.
4. They showed us the new machine they had turned out.
5. They congratulated them on the new success they had turned out.
6. They fulfilled the plan earlier than they had expected.
4. At the end of last month, they treated 30,000patients.
By
the end of last month they had treated 30,000 patients.
比较：
By the time(that)this letter reaches you, I will have left the country.
5.
Up till then
we had only covered half the distance.
6.
When I got home, the children had gone to bed.(
就寝在先，到家在后
)
When I had got(=had got)home, the children went to bed.(
到家在先，就寝在后
)
When the bell rang, we had finished our work.
7. The machine went better after it had been oiled.
He had pressed the button before we could stop him.
8. She didn
’
t ge to bed until she had finished her work.
由以上各句可看出过去完成时常用在
(up)till then, by, before, after
以及一些定，
宾，
状语从句
中。但如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常 常不用过去完成时，特别是在
before
，
after
，
unti l
状