英语语法 四种完成时态
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月25日 00:38
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投资建议书-
LESSON EIGHT
四种完成时态
主系表
现在：
You
are
rich.
过去：
You
were
rich.
将来：
You
will be
rich.
过去将来：
You
would be
rich.
There be
现在：
There is
a book on the desk .
过去：
There was
a book on the desk.
将来：
There will be
a book on the desk.
过去将来：
There would be
a book on the desk
.
主谓宾状
现在：
You
study
English in the school.
过去时：
You
studied
English in the school.
将来时
:
You
will study
English in the school.
You
are going to study
English.
You
are to study
English.
You
are about to study
English
过去将来：
You
would study
English in the school
You
were going to study
English.
You
were to study
English.
You
were about to study
English.
You
are studying
English.
You
were studying
English.
You
will be studying
English.
You
woud be studying
English.
课堂练习
1
：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打
beat
他？
2
：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？
3
：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬
bit
bite
你吗？
4
：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语
.
5
：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？
6:
你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？
7
：你知道老鼠
m ouse
为什么爱大米
rice
吗？
8
：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？
9
：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗
?
10
：你知道昨天晚上
7
点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？
11
：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
课堂答案
1
：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打
beat
他？
Do
you
know
why
your
teacher’s
father
beat
him yesterday?
2
：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？
Do
you
know
how
the pretty girl of your class
becomes
the best students?
3
：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬
bit
bite
你吗？
Do
you
know
why
the dog of his family
bit
you yesterday?
4
：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语
.
Yesterday, my mother
asked
me
where
I
was going to study
English.
5
：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？
Do
you
know
how
many
books
there
were
in
the
library
of
your
school
yesterday?
6:
你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？
Do
you
know
when
his father
died
?
7
：你知道老鼠
mouse
为 什么爱大米
rice
吗？
Do
you
know
why
the mouse
loves
rice?
8
：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？
Do
you
know
how many books
your teacher
is going to write
nest year?
9
：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗
?
Do
you
know
where
your teacher
is having
lunch?
10
：你知道昨天晚上
7
点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？
Do
you
know
what
your father and mother
were doing
in the living room at half
past 7 yesterday?
11
：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
The doctor
told
me
that
he
was helping
in the hospital.
四种完成时态
▲
完成时态的构成
句型
时态
现在完成
过去完成
将来完成
过去将来完成
主系表
have (has) been
had been
will have been
would have been
主谓宾
have (has) done
had done
will have done
would have done
▲
现在完成时态的基本用法
1.
表示一个
过去发生的动作
对
现在产生的结果和影响
。
应该明确现在完成时态属于现在时态的范畴。它所强调的不是过去发生的动
作，而是对现在产生的结 果和影响。否则用一般过去时态就够了。请看下面的对话。
●
A
－
We
will send
some one to America.
我们要派一个人去美国。
B
－
I
have been
there.
我去过美国。
= I
was
there and I
know
the country very well.
Would
you send me there?
我去过那儿，很了解那个国家。能派我去吗？
C
－
I
have not been
there.
我还没去过那儿呢。
= I
didn’t go
to America. It
is
my turn.
我没去过。这次该我了。
上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国。
所以
B
用现在完成时态是想说明自己有
经验，派他去好。而
C
用现在 完成时态是说自己没去过，轮也该轮到他了。两句都
是强调对现在产生的影响
。
Did you have lunch?
Have
you
had
lunch?
Did you study English?
Have
you
studied
English?
Laochang died?
Laochang
has died?
Who was herer?
Who
has been
here?
Have
you
done
your homework
2.
表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在
。
通常用于持续性较强的动词，
例如：
live, study, wait for, be
等等，
并且常常与
since,
for
连用，
since
给出的是过去的一个时间点，如
since
1958,
而
for
往往给出的是一
个时间段，如
for three years
。
●
He
has studied
English
for
eight years.
●
Since
1980, they
have known
each other.
注：
完成时态表示延续的用法不可跟非延续动词连用，如：
die,
go
, leave,
receive
等。请看下面例句：
╳
His father
has died
for
three years.
●
His father
has been
dead for three years.
第一 句是错的。“死”这个动作不可能延续。但一种状态却可以延续。第二句
用主系表句型是对的。
▲
过去完成时态，将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态
学习完成时态应注意，所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的，现在完成时
态、过 去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不同的只是时间上的概念。
所以我们只要掌握现在完成 时态，然后在时间上向过去推便是过去完成时态，向将
来推便是将来完成时态。
3
完成时态在主从句中的用法
完成时态除上面讲到的两种基本用法之外，< br>在主从句中通常可以用来表示主句
与从句动作发生的先后次序
。
●
Do
you
know
he
has finished
his homework?
现在完成时态“
has finished
”
表示发生在一般现在时态“
know
”之前。
●
I
heard
he
had bought
a new car.
过去完成时态“
had bought
”表示发生在过去时态“
heard
”之前。
现在完成时态“
have had supper
”强调吃过饭 之后，即强调从句动作发生在主
句之前。从上面几个例句可以看出，在主从句中现在完成时态往往表示发 生在另一
个现在时态的动作之前，而过去完成时态则表示发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前。
请 注意下面的例句：
以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法。
请同学们在做练习时多加注意。
一、
完成下列句子。
1.
He
said
（他从未去过西藏
Tibet
）
.
2.
（他从未给我写过信）
since
he
left
Beijing.
3.
He said
（他下月底就不用我的照相机了
camera
）
.
4.
I hope
（雨会在明天中午前停下来）
.
5.
By the end of that year
（他已集了一千多张中国邮票）
.
6.
I really don’t
know
（
他是否已经到了实验室
laboratory
）
.
7.
The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer
（在他经历了这样的事情之后）
.
8.
I could not remember whether
（他已经付了字典钱）
.
9.
I’m afraid I
（到时还没有找到正确的答案）
.
10.
Don’t
worry.
Before
I
get
home
I
（就会把这件事全忘光
的）
.
二、
完成下列句子。
1
．
He
said
that
he
had never been
to Tibet.
（他从未去过西藏
Tibet
）
.
2
．
He
hasn’t written
to me
（他从未给我写过信）
since
he
left
Beijing.
3
．
He
said
that
he
would have done with (have used)
my camera
by
the end of next month.
（他下月底就不用我的照相机了
camera
）
.
4
．
I
hope
that
the rain
will have stopped
by
tomorrow noon.
（雨会
在明天中午前停下来）
.
5
．
By
the
end
of
that
year
he
had
collected
more
than
a
thousand
Chinese stamps.
（他已集了一千多张中国邮票）
.
6
．
I really
don’t know
whether
he
has got
to the laboratory or not.
他
是否已经到了实验室
laboratory
）
.
7
．
The
boy
knows
that
he
must be braver
and firmer after he
has
experienced
such a thing
.
（在他经历了这样的事情之后）
.
Has gone
through
8
．
I
could not remember
whether
he
had paid for
the dictionary.
（他已经付了字典钱）
9
．
I
’m
afraid I
won’t have got
the correct answer
by
then.
（到时还没有找到正确的答案）
.
10.
Don’t worry.
Before
I
get
home I
will have forgotten
all about the matter.
（就会把这件事全忘光的）
.
三、
完成下列句子。
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
He said
（他从未去过西藏
Tibet
）
.
（他从未给我写过信）
since he left Beijing.
He said
（他下月底就不用我的照相机了
camera
）
.
I hope
（雨会在明天中午前停下来）
.
By the end of that year
（他已集了一千多张中国邮票）
.
I really don’t know
（他是否已经到了实验室
laboratory
）
.
The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer
（在他经历了这