现在完成时(超全)

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2021年01月25日 00:38
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阿西莫夫短文两篇教案-

2021年1月25日发(作者:枯肠)

现在完成时精讲精练

现在完成时的结构:

肯定形式:
have/has + done











定形式:
have/has + not +done






一般疑问句形式:
have

has
放于句首。

现在完成时表达的意义:


.
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。



eg.

(1). The car has arrived.
车子来了。
(结果:车子已在门口)



(2). Someone has broken the window.
有人把窗户打破了。
(结果:窗户仍破着)




现在完成时通常和
recently

近来)
, ever, never, twice, so far

到目前为止)
, since

for

in the past/last
few years
(在过去几年里)
, already
(已经)
, yet
(仍然)
, just (
刚刚
), before
等词连用。


说明:
already
yet
都有

已经

的意思,但
already
常用于肯定句,并用于句中。
yet
常用于否定句和
疑问句,并用于句末。

例如:


I have
already
finished my homework.


I haven

t finished my homework
yet
.

Have you finished your homework
yet
?

注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如
:come

go

die

marry

buy
等 ,它们的完成时不能与
for

since
等表示一段时间的词连用。

二、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时
间的状语连用
,

for+
时间段、
since+
过去的时间点、疑问词
how long
等。

e.g.

(1). My uncle has worked at this factory
for five years
.

(2). Mr. Black has lived in China
since 2002
.

(3).
How long
have you been here?



注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)


e.g.

(1)
这本书我已经买了三个月了。

错误:
I have bought the book for three months.



正确:
I have had the book for three months.


(2)
你哥哥参军多长时间了?




错误:
How long has your brother joined the army?

正确:
How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?

延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换
:

leave --- be away (from)



borrow --- keep









buy --- have

die --- be dead






begin/start --- be on




finish --- be over











fall ill ---be ill




get up---be up





catch a cold --- have a cold






put on→ wear







come/become/go --- be





fall asleep --- be asleep






get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)

get to know --- know



join----be a member of ...
/be in…


open ---be open






close ---be closed


现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别:

1
.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的 动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生
的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调 的是影响。


I saw this film yesterday.

(强调动作发生的时间是
yesterday



I have seen this film.




(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)


2

一 般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,
如:

ago, last week/... In 2008, in the past, just now, the day
before yesterday,

yesterday ... then(
那时
), that day, one day, once(
从前
)

现在完成时常和
recently
(近来)

ever, never, twice, so far
(到目前为止)
, since

for

in the past/last few
years , already, yet, just, before
等模糊的时间状语连用。


Ⅰ、同义句转化



1. He died 10 years ago.














He __________________

for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.





He __________________the book for 2 weeks.

3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.

He _________________the motorbike for a month.


4. He arrived here three days ago.








He _______________

here since three days ago.

5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.



The light

________________ for 2 hours.

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