现在完成时(超全)
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2021年01月25日 00:38
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阿西莫夫短文两篇教案-
现在完成时精讲精练
现在完成时的结构:
肯定形式:
have/has + done
否
定形式:
have/has + not +done
一般疑问句形式:
have
或
has
放于句首。
现在完成时表达的意义:
一
.
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
eg.
(1). The car has arrived.
车子来了。
(结果:车子已在门口)
(2). Someone has broken the window.
有人把窗户打破了。
(结果:窗户仍破着)
现在完成时通常和
recently
(
近来)
, ever, never, twice, so far
(
到目前为止)
, since
,
for
,
in the past/last
few years
(在过去几年里)
, already
(已经)
, yet
(仍然)
, just (
刚刚
), before
等词连用。
说明:
already
与yet
都有
“
已经
”
的意思,但
already
常用于肯定句,并用于句中。
yet
常用于否定句和
疑问句,并用于句末。
例如:
I have
already
finished my homework.
I haven
’
t finished my homework
yet
.
Have you finished your homework
yet
?
注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如
:come
,
go
,
die
,
marry
,
buy
等 ,它们的完成时不能与
for
,
since
等表示一段时间的词连用。
二、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时
间的状语连用
,
如
for+
时间段、
since+
过去的时间点、疑问词
how long
等。
e.g.
(1). My uncle has worked at this factory
for five years
.
(2). Mr. Black has lived in China
since 2002
.
(3).
How long
have you been here?
注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)
。
e.g.
(1)
这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误:
I have bought the book for three months.
正确:
I have had the book for three months.
(2)
你哥哥参军多长时间了?
错误:
How long has your brother joined the army?
正确:
How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?
延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换
:
leave --- be away (from)
borrow --- keep
buy --- have
die --- be dead
begin/start --- be on
finish --- be over
fall ill ---be ill
get up---be up
catch a cold --- have a cold
put on→ wear
come/become/go --- be
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)
get to know --- know
join----be a member of ...
/be in…
open ---be open
close ---be closed
现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别:
1
.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的 动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生
的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调 的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.
(强调动作发生的时间是
yesterday
)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
2
.
一 般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,
如:
…
ago, last week/... In 2008, in the past, just now, the day
before yesterday,
yesterday ... then(
那时
), that day, one day, once(
从前
)
现在完成时常和
recently
(近来)
,
ever, never, twice, so far
(到目前为止)
, since
,
for
,
in the past/last few
years , already, yet, just, before
等模糊的时间状语连用。
Ⅰ、同义句转化
1. He died 10 years ago.
He __________________
for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
He __________________the book for 2 weeks.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
He _________________the motorbike for a month.
4. He arrived here three days ago.
He _______________
here since three days ago.
5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.
The light
________________ for 2 hours.
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