初中英语现在完成时详解
绝世美人儿
590次浏览
2021年01月25日 00:44
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
我渴望得到理解-
v1.0
可编辑可修改
现在完成时
一、现在完成时构成
构成:现在完成时由助动词
have +
过去分词构成,助动词
have
有人称和数的变化。第三
人称单数用
has
,其余用
have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上
not
、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
以
study
为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:
否定式
I have not (haven
'
t) studied
You have not (haven
'
t) studied
He has not (hasn
'
t) studied
否定疑问式
Have I not (Haven
'
t I) studied
…
Have you not (Haven
'
t you) studied
…
Has he not (Hasn
'
t he) studied
…
二、现在完成时用法
疑问式
Have I studied
…
Have you studied
…
Has he studied
…
简单回答(肯定
/
否定)
Yes, you have. No, you haven
Yes, I have. No, I haven
Yes, he has. No, he hasn
'
t.
'
t.
'
t.
1
、
现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作
或状态
对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just go ne out.
I
'
m sure we
'
ve met before.
She has arrived.
她到了。
我女儿刚出去。
我肯定我们以前见过面。
2
、
表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如
recently, already, just,
lately, for
…
,since
…,
yet
等。如:
这些日子我没有收到她的信。
I haven
'
t heard from her these days.
We haven' t seen you rece ntly.
They have bee n away for two years.
She has bee n with us since Mon day.
111
最近我们没有见到你。
他们离开已经两年了。
v1.0
可编辑可修改
①
for+
时段
②
since+
过去一个时间点(译为:自从
...
以来)
③
since+
时段
+ago
④
since+
从句(过去时)
⑤
It is+
时段
+since+
从句(过去时)
Mary has bee n ill
for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
since
和
for
的区别
si nee
后接时间点,女口
1993
,
last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for
后接一段时间,表示
长达多久”,如
ten years, a while, two days
3
、
表示短暂意义的动词如
arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begi n, start, die
等。
等,在完成
时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此,不能说:
He has come here for 2 weeks.
The old man has died for 4 mon ths.
They have left only for 5 minu tes.
x
x
x
的区另
U
4
、
has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)
Have/Has gone(to):
去了
(
现在不在说话现场,可能在路上和已经到
)
Where is your fatherHe has gone to Shan ghai.
Have/Has bee n (to):
去过
(
已不在去过的地方
)
My father has bee n to Shan ghai.
Have/has bee n in
:
呆了多久
(
还在所呆的地方
)
My father has bee n in Shan ghai
for two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago.
5
、
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,
女口
yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days
222
v1.0
可编辑可修改
ago, just now, when I came in
,但可以禾口
already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately,
recen tly, once, twice, ever, n ever
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
等连用。不能与
whe n
连用。
223
v1.0
可编辑可修改
例如
:
She has already come.
I haven
'
t read it yet.
I have met him before.
她已经来了。
我还没读过这个。
我从前曾见过他。
马红一直是个好学生。
我经常在街上看见他。
Ma Hong has always bee n a good stude nt.
I have often seen him in the street.
They have never been to Yan
'
an.
他们从未去过延安。
I have n't see n him lately.
三、现在完成时的标志
1
、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响
种含义
:
我近来没看到他。
,
用以下四大标志词可以表达这
以
already, just
和
yet
为标志
her help.
the film.
back yet.
他已得到她的帮助。
他刚刚看过这场电影。
他还没有回来。
He
has already got
He
has just see n
He
has n't come
以
ever
禾口
never
为标志
This is the best film I
He has n ever bee n
have ever see n.
to Beiji ng.
这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
他从没有到过北京。
*
以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he
has bee n to
the USA three times.
他说他已经去过美国三次了。
*
以
so far
为标
(到目前为止)
+before
to Beiji ng
so far.
到目前为止他已到了北京。
到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
,
甚至有可能继续延续下去
,
我们可以从动作“延
,
进一步学习现在完成时。
He has got
She has passed the exam so far.
2.
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在
续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手
①
for+
时段
②
since+
过去一个时间点(过去
从句)为标志
四、
瞬间动词
333