过去完成时高一语法
绝世美人儿
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2021年01月25日 00:48
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过去完成时
一、
概念
过去完成时表示在过去 某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，
即
“过去的过去
（
past-in-the-past
）
”
。
----| --------------------------|----------------------- --------|---------------------------->
那时以前
那时
现在
二、
构成
过去完成时由“
助动词
had +
过去分词
”构成，其中
had
通用于各种人称。
例如：
1) They
had already had breakfast
before they arrived
at the hotel.
他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。
2) H
e didn’t go to bed until he
had finished
he work.
他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
三、
用法
1.
过去完成时表示一个动作或状 态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，
即发生在
“过去的过去”
。
例如：
1) When I woke up, it
had stopped
raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。
（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”
）
2) He
had left
when I arrived.
当我到达时他已经离开。
2.
过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”
，只有和过去某一时间或某一
动作相比 较时才使用它。
例如：
1) She told me that she
had written
a new novel.
她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。
(had written
发生在
told
之前
)
2) I found the watch which I
had lost
.
我找到了我丢失的表。
3.
过去完成时需要与一个表 示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此
时多与
already
，
yet
，
still
，
just
，
be fore
，
never
等时间副词及
by
，
before
，
until
等引导
的短语或从句连用。
例如：
1)
Before
she
came
to
China,
Amy
had
taught
English
in
a
middle
school
for
about
five
years.
艾米来中国之前，在一所中学已经教了五年英语。
2) Tom
had collected
more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven.
汤姆在七岁时已经集了
300
多张中国邮票。
1
/
8
4.
过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开 始，一直延续到这一过去时间，
而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。
例如：
1) By the end of last year, my father
had worked
in the factory for twenty years.
去年年底时，爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。
（
had worked
已有了
20
年，还有继
续进行下去的可能）
2)
By six o’clock he
had worked
eleven hours.
到
6
点钟时他就已经工作了
11
小时。
5.
动词
think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend
等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，
希
望，打算或 意图等。
例如：
1)
I
had wanted
to help but could not get there in time.
我本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
2) They
had hoped
to be able to come and see you.
他们本来希望能来看看你。
6.
过去完成时还可用在
hardly
…
when
…, no sooner
…
than
…, It was the first (second, etc)
time (that)
…
等固定句型中。
例如：
1)
Hardly had he began
to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
2)
No sooner had he arrived
than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
3)
It was the third time that she had been
out of work that year.
这是她那一年第三次失业了。
过去完成时的用法总结如下表：
过
去
完
成
时
构
成
基
助动词
had+
动词的过去分词
1
）
表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即
“
过去的过去
”
。可以用
by,
before
等介词短语 或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，
还可能通过上下文来表示
本
2
）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态 ，常和
for, since
构成的时间状语连用
2
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8
用
3
）过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引 语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的
法
和
其
它
时
态
的
区
事
项
4
）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中
4
）在包含有
when, until
等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词 和从句谓语动词所表示的
过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示
过去完成时
/
现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的 某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持
续到现在的动作
过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的动作先后有别，表达的是
“
过去的过去
”
过去完成时
/
一般过去时
过去完成时强调某动作在过去某时间或另一动作之前已完成
一般过去时仅表示动作或状态在过去某时间发生过，不强调与另一动作的比较
1
）
动词
think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend
等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，
2)
过去完成时还可用在
hardly
…
when
…, no
sooner
…
than
…, It was the first (second,
3
）
It/This
was
+
序数词
time
或最高级
that
后面的从句用过去完成时。
过去的动作之前
别
注
希望，打算或意图等。
意
etc) time (that)…
等固定句型中。
现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
现在完成时
着眼于现 在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去
持续到现在的动作。
例如：
1) I
have cleaned
the classroom.
我打扫干净教室了。
（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！
）
2) They
have lived
here
for
twenty years.
他们住在这二十年了。
（
“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
3) We
have lived
in Beijing
since
we came China.
自我们来中国就住在北京了。
（
“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
过去完成 时
则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，
表达的是
“过去的过去”
，即比过
去发生的某动作都还要“过去”
，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只 用一般
过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。
3
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例如：
1) Mr Smith
had lived
in London for ten years before he came to China.
史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。
“
(
来”
中国已成过去，
而先前
“
住
”
在纽约就是过去的过去 ！
）
2) We
had learned
2000 words by the end of last term.
在上期期末，我们就已经学了
2000
个单词。
（
“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了！
）
过去完成时专项练习
一、单项填空
1. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already ____to hospital.
A. has; been sent
B. had; sent
C. has; sent
D. had; been sent
2. The students _______ several new English songs by the end of last term.
A. had learned
B. learned
C. have learned
D. will have learned
3. Lu Mei told me she _____breakfast, so she was very hungry after having two classes.
A. has had
B. hasn't have
C. have had
D. hadn't had
4. Hardly ______ to the bus stop when the bus left, which drove them crazy.
A did they get
B they got
C had they got
D has they got
5. She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.
A has left; comes
B had left; would come
C had left; came
D left; had come
6. Mr. Black said that it was at least ten years since he _____a good drink.
A had enjoyed
B was enjoying
C have enjoyed
D have been enjoying
7. I ______ to catch the first train but I got up too late this morning.
A. hoping
B. had hoped
C. has hoped
D. would hope
8. Dr. Brown was very disappointed that one third of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.
A. left; had arrived
B. left; arrived
C. had left; had arrived
D. had left; arrived
9. Tom first met me 10 years ago. I______ in a radio factory at that time.
A. had worked
B. have worked
C. was working
D. has been working
10. ---- What ______ when I phoned you?
---- I ______ my work, and wanted to go out for a walk.
A. have you done; finished
B. were you doing; have finished
C. did you do; had just finished
D. were you doing; had just finished
11. It is very clear that you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn
B. wore
C. were wearing
D. are wearing
12. ---- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.
----
I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.
A. had expected; had intended
B. are expecting; had intended
C. expect; intend
D. expected; intend
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