英语现在完成时的用法总结
温柔似野鬼°
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2021年01月25日 00:49
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
归心似箭的近义词-
现在完成时（
Present perfect
）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在 造成影响或后果，过去
某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
基本结构：主语
+have/has+
动词的
过去分词
(done)
①肯定句：主语
+have/has+
动词的过去分 词
+
宾语
.
②否定句：主语
+h ave/has+not+
动词的过去分词
+
宾语
.
③一般疑问句：
Have/Has+
主语
+
动词的过去分 词
+
宾语
.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或 词组
+
一般疑问句（
have/has+
主语
+
过去分词< br>+
其
他）
定义：
（
1
）
强调动作是过去发生的
（
2
）
强调对现在的影响或结果
（
3
）
在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。
但过去分词一定要选择准确。
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过去分词
AAA
式的过去分词：
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规则动词
1
、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构 成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则
相同。四点变化规则：
(1)
、一般动词，在词尾直接加
“
ed
”
。
work---worked---worked
,visit---visited---visited
(2)
、以
“
e
”
结尾的动词，只在词尾加
“
d
”
。
live--- lived---lived
,
(3)
、以
“
辅音字母
+
y
”
结尾的动词，将
变为
，再加
“
ed
”
。
study---studied---studied
,cry--- cried---cried
(4)
、
重读闭音节 结尾，
末尾只有一个辅音字母，
先双写该辅音字母，
再加
“
ed
”
。
stop---stopped ---stopped
,
drop---dropped-- dropped
不规则动词
burn---burnt
---burnt
1hide
hid
hiden
隐藏
2forget
forgot
forgoten
忘记
3see
saw
seen
看
见
4take
took
taken
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不规则动词
2
、
不规则动词
：
AAA
型
原型
过去式
过去分词
burst
burst
burst
cast
cast
cast
cost
cost
cost
cut
cut
cut
hit
hit
hit
hurt
hurt
hurt
put
put
put
set
set
set
shut
shut
shut
spread
spread
spread
let
let
let
read
read
read
led
led
led
AAB
型
beat
beat
beaten
ABA
型
become
became
become
run
ran
run
come
came
come
特殊情况
read
read
read
read
原形发音为
/ri:d /,
过去式和过去分词发音为
/red/
ABB
型
bring
brought
brought
buy
bought
bought
build
built
built
burn
burnt
burnt
catch
caught
caught
dig
dug
dug
feel
felt
felt
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
feed
fed
fed
get
got
got
hang
hung
hung
hear
heard
heard
hold
held
held
keep
kept
kept
lay
laid
laid
lead
led
led
lose
lost
lost
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
pay
paid
paid
sell
sold
sold
shoot
shot
shot
say
said
said
sit
sat
sat
stand
stood
stood
shine
shone
shone
sweep
swept
swept
sleep
slept
slept
teach
taught
taught
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
win
won
won
ABC
型
begin
began
begun
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
choose
chose
chosen
draw
drew
drawn
drive
drove
driven
drink
drank
drunk
fly
flew
flown
forgive
forgave
forgiven
forget
forgot
forgotten
freeze
froze
frozen
give
gave
given
grow
grew
grown
know
knew
known
ride
rode
ridden
rise
rose
risen
ring
rang
rung
shake
shook
shaken
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank
sunk
swim
swam
swum
throw
threw
thrown
write
wrote
written
take
took
taken
wear
wore
worn
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用法
（
1
）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态
,
但其结果却和
现在有联系
,
也就是说
,
动作或状态发生在 过去但它的影响现在还存在
.
I
have
spent
all
of
my
money.(
含义是
:
现在我没有钱花了
.)
Jane
has
laid
the
table.(
含义是
:
现在桌子已经摆好了
.)
Michael
has
been
ill.(
含义是
:
现在仍然很虚弱
)
He
has
returned
from
abroad.
(
含义是
:
现在已在此地
)
（
2
）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的
,
持续到现在的动作（用行
为动词表示）或状态（
be
动词表示）常与
for
（
+
时间段）
,since
（
+
时间点或 过去时
的句子）连用
.
①
for+
时段
②
since+
过去一个时间点（译为：自从
……
以来）
③
since+
时段
+ago
④
since+
从句（过去时）
●
⑤
It
is+
时段
+since+
从句（过去时）
Mary
has
been
ill
for
three
days.
I
have
lived
here
since
1998.
●
注：
瞬间动词
（
buy,die,join,lose ……
）不能直接与
for
since
连用。要改变动
词
come/arrive/reach/get
to -----be
in
go
out----be
out
finish----be
over
open----be
open
die----be
dead
………………
★
代替
buy
My
brother
has
had(
不能用
has
bought)
this
bike
for
almost
four
years.
★
2
、用
keep
或
ha ve
代替
borrow
I
have
kept(
不能用
have
borrowed)
the
book
for
quite
a
few
days.
★
3
、用
be
替代
become
How
long
has
your
sister
been
a
teacher?
★
4
、用
have
a
cold
代替
catch
a
cold
Tom
has
had
a
cold
since
the
day
before
yesterday.
★
5
、用
wear
代替
put
on
b)
用
“be
＋形容词
”
代
终止性动词
1
、
be
＋
married
代
marry
2
、
be
＋
ill
代
fall
(get)
ill
3
、
be
＋
dead
代
die
4
、
be
＋
asleep
代
fall
(get)
asleep
5
、
be
＋
awake
代
wake/wake
up
6
、
be
＋
gone
代
lose, die,sell,leave
7
、
be
＋
open
代
open
8
、
be
closed
代
close/shut
9
、
be
＋
missing(go ne,lost)
代
lose
c)
用
“be
＋副词
”
代终止性动词
1“be
＋
on”
代
start,begin
2“be
＋
up”
代
get
up
3“be
＋
back(to)”
代
return
to,come
back
to,go
back
to
4“be
here
(there)”
代
come(arrive,reach,get)
here
或
go
(arrive,reach,get)
th
ere
等等
d)
用
“be
＋介词短语
”
代终止性动词
1.“be
in/at
+
地点
”
代替
go
to
/come
to
2.
用
be
in
the
army
代替
join
the
army
3.“be
in/at
+
地点
”
代替
move
to
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常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表
：
常用瞬间动词变
延续性动词
表：
1.
have
arrived
at/in
sw.
got
to/reached
sw.
come/gone/moved
to
sw.
→have
been
in
sw./at…
相应的介词
2.
have
come/gone
back/returned
→
have
been
back
3.
have
come/gone
out
→have
been
out
4.
have
become
→
have
been
5.
have
closed
/
opened→
have
been
close/open
6.
have
got
up
→
have
been
up
；
7.
have
died
→
have
been
dead
；
8.
have
left
sw.
→
have
been
away
from
sw.
9.
have
fallen
asleep/got
to
sleep
→
have
been
asleep
；
10.
have
finished/ended/completed
→
have
been
over
；
11.
havemarried
→
have
been
married
；
12.
have
started/begun
to
do
sth.
→
ha
ve
done
sth.
；
13.
have
begun
→
have
been
on
14.
have
borrowed/bought
→have
kept/had
15.
have
lost
→
haven’t
had
16.
have
put
on
→have
worn
17.
have
caught
/get
a
cold
→
have
had
a
cold
；
18.
have
got
to
know
→
have
known
19.
have/has
g
one
to
→
have
been
in
20.
have
joined/have
taken
part
in
the
league/the
Party/the
army
→have
been
a
member
of/
have
been
in/have
been
the
Party’s
member/
the
league
member/the
soldier…
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]
用法注意
：
1.
现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，
(
如表示过 去的时间状语）
如
yesterday(morn ing
、
afternoon),last(morning
、
aftern oon)
等，除非与
for,sin
ce
连用
.
2.
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
,
如
already
（肯定）
,
yet
（否定，疑问）
,
just,
before,
recently,still,
lately
等
:
He
has
already
obtained
a
scholarship.
I
haven't
seen
much
of
him
recently
(lately).
We
have
seen
that
film
before.
Have
they
found
the
missing
child
yet
?