现在完成时(知识梳理)
别妄想泡我
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2021年01月25日 00:54
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赞美教师的诗-
现在完成时
【概念引入】
欣赏含有现在完成时的名言:
Life
has taught
me to think, but thinking
has not taught
me to live.
生活教会了我思考,但思考却没有教会我生活。
Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. We
have already missed
the spring.
对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说,冬天一定很冷。我们已经错过春天了。
Nature
has given
us the seeds of knowledge, but not knowledge itself.
在自然赋予我们知识的种子,而非知识本身。
现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时是:助动词
have
(
has
)
+
过去分词构 成的。
I have finished my homework.
我已经完成了作业。
现在完成时的否定句:是在助动词
have(has)
的后面加
not
构成。
I haven’t seen the film so far.
到目前为止,我还没有看那部电影。
现在完 成时的一般疑问句:是把助动词
have(has)
提到句子主语的前面。
Have you seen the film yet?
你看过那部电影了吗?
【用法讲解】
一、现在完成时的定义及用法(
1
)
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have just cleaned my clothes.
我刚洗过衣服。
(
“
洗衣服
”
是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是
“
衣服干净了
”
)
Have you read that story
?你读过那个故事吗?
(
“
读
”
这一 动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。
)
在学习 这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:
already
,
jus t
,
ever
,
yet
,
never
等。
already
,
just
多用于肯定句中,
ever
,
y et
,
never
多用于疑问句和否定句中。
I have
already
finished my homework.
我已经做完家庭作业了。
He has
just
had his meal.
他刚吃过饭。
Have you
ever
sung this English song
?
你曾唱过这首英文歌吗?
They haven’t
started
yet
.他们还没有动身。
We have
never
heard of it
.
我们从来没有听说过这件事。
二、现在完成时的定义及用法(
2
)
表示过去已经开始,
持续到现在的动作或状态,
也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。
这时往往与表示一段的 时间状语连用。
I have been here for just over two years.
我到这里才两年多。
He has worked here since 1989.
从
1989
年,他就在这里工作。
1
)
因为表示的是持续的动作或状态,
所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词:
be, stay, study, wait,
keep, have
等。
2
)使用的时间状语通常由
for
或
since
引导,但 二者后接的词有所不同:
for
后常跟一个时
间段,
指某个动作到现在为止已 持续了多长时间。
如:
for three years, for half an hour
等。
since
作介词,
后面可以接一个时间点,
如
since 1980
,
也可以接
“
一段时间
+ago”,
如
: since three years
ago, since two months ago
等。
since
还可用作连词,引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。
如:
We have known each other since we went to college.
自从我们上大学我们就彼此认识了。
3
)非延续性动词不能直接和
for
或
since
连用,但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动
词短语来替换这些非延续性动词。
如
:
come→be,
come to→be in / at,
go out→ be out,
leave→be away,
begin→be on,
stop→ be over
,
buy→ have,
borrow→ keep,
open→be open,
close→be closed,
join→be a member of,
die→be dead,
catch a cold→have a cold,
get to know→know,
become a teacher →be a teacher,
fall asleep→be asleep,
fall ill→ be ill
等。
三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别及联系:
1
)都表示过去发生的事;
2
)现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系,不能和具体的时间状语连用;
3
)一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用(
last,
ago,
yesterday,
etc.
)
。
He had his breakfast at 6:00.
(一般过去时)
他六点钟吃的早饭。
He has had his breakfast.
(现在完成时)
他吃过早饭了。
四、
have gone to
,
have been to
与
have been in
的用法比较
have/has gone to:
已经去了或在途中,还没有返回;
have/has been to:曾经去过某地,现在已经回来了
,
后面可接表示
“
次数
”
的状语
;
have/has been in:
表示某人
“
已在 某地停留一段时间,
现仍在那里
”
,
其后常带表示一段时间的
状语。
They have gone to England, and they will go back next week.
他们去英国了,下周回来。
Mr. Green has been in China for many years.
格林先生在中国呆过好多年了。
Miss Brown has been to Japan twice.
布朗小姐到日本去过两次。
五、重点句型
:
It is/ has been+
段时间
+since
从句
段时间
+has passed+ since
从句
举例:他死了两年了。
(可用多种句式表达)
He died two years ago.
He has been dead for two years /since two years ago
It is/ has been two years since he died.
Two years has passed since he died.
[Exercises1]
选择填空
(
)1.I
Enghish
in
this
school
since
1999
(A)taught
(B)have taught
(C)tea
(D)would
teach
(
)
the
pen
for
five years
(A)has had
(B)bought
(C)have
had
(D)have
bought
(
)
her
grand mother's
photo
before
(A)haven't seen
(B)have seen
(C)see
(D)hasn't seen
Exercises2]
选择填空
(
)1.
—
Have
you finished
your
work?
—
.
(A).Yes,I have.
(B)Yes,I do.
(C)Yes,I am.
(D)Yes,I did.
(
)2.
—
Has she
ever learned English?
—
(A)Yes, she has.
(B)Yes, she does.
(C)No, she doesn
’
t
(D)No, she has
(
)
finished
his
homework. yet
(A)doesn
’
t
(B)haven
’
t
(C)hasn
’
t
(D)doesn
’
t have
[Exercises3]
选择填空
(
)1.
—
Have
you
travelled on the train.
—
Yes, I have.
(A)never
(B)ever
(C)just
(D)yet
(
)2.
——
Have
you
finished
your
homework
——
Not
(A)ever
(B)already
(C)yet
(D)just
(
)3. We haven't
finished our homework
.
(A)already
(B)ever
(C)yet
(D)never
(
)4.
—
Have you
learned
English?
—
Yes, I've
learned a lot.
(A)never, ever (B)ever, never
(C)ever, already
(D)already. ever
[Exercises4] A
)
用
since
和
for
填空
1) ______ two years
2) _______ two years ago
3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999
5) _______ yesterday
6) _______ 4 o
’
clock
7) ______ 4 hours
8) _______ an hour ago
9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time
11) ______ she left here
B
)
用
since
和
for
填空
.