卢沟桥烽火-

2021年1月25日发(作者：吹破气球)
Unit
9:

现在完成时讲解

一．

基本结构
：
助动词
have/has+
过去分词
(done)

二．

句型
：

否定句：主语
+hav e/has+not+
过去分词
+
其他
.
一般疑问句：
H ave/Has+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他
.
简略答语
:
Yes,
主语

+
have/has.(
肯定
)







No,
主语

+
haven't/hasn't.(
否定
)

三．用法
< br>（
1
）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影
响或结果


I
have
spent
all
of
my
money
(so
far).(
含义是
:
现在
我没有钱花了
.)




Guo
zijun
has
(just/already)
come.
(
含义：
郭子君现在在
这儿
)
My
father
has
gone
to
work.(
含义是
:
我爸爸现在不在这儿
)

（
2
）
现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的
,
持续到现在< br>的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（
be
动词表示）常与
for
（+
时间
段）
,since
（
+
时间点或过去时的句子） 连用
.



①
for+
时段



②
since+
过去一个时间点（译为：自从
……
以来）



③
since+
时段
+ago


④
since+
从句（过去时）



●
⑤
It
is+
时段
+since+
从句（过去时）



Mary
has
been
ill
for
three
days.



I
have
lived
here
since
1998.


四．

has
gone
(to),has
been
(to),
has
been
(in)
的区别




Have/Has
gone(to)
:
去了
(
现在不在说话现场
)
Where
is
your
father
？
He
has
gone
to
Shanghai.

Have/Has
been
(to)
:
去过（已不在去过的地方）

My
father
has
been
to
Shanghai.

Have/has
been
in
：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

My
father
has
been
in
Shanghai
for
two
months
.
/
sin
ce
two
months
ago.
五．现在完成时的标志




1.
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响
,
用以
下四大标志词可以表达这种含义
:

*
以
already, just
和
yet
为标志



He has already got her help.
他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.
他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn't come back yet.
他还没有回来。



*
以
ever
和
never
为标志


This is the best film I have ever seen.
这是我曾经看过的最好
的一部电影。

He has never been to Beijing.
他从没有到过北京。



*
以动作发生的次数为标志



He says he has been to the USA three times.
他说他已经去
过美国三次了。



*
以
so far
（到目前为止）为标
+before

He has got to Beijing so far.
到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the examso far.
到目前为止她已经通过了考
试。

2.
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在
,
甚至有可能继续延续下
去
,
我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手
,
进
一步学习现在完成时。


*


①
for+
时段


②
since+
过去一个时间点（过去

从句）
为标志


注意：

1)
现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用
,
如
yesterd
ay,last
week,
three
years
ago
等
;
2)
不能与
when
连用

2.
现在
完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用



六．过去分词





1
、
规则动词
：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词
的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则 ：




(1)
、一般动词，在词尾直接加
“
ed
”
。




work--- worked---worked
,visit---visited---visited



(2)
、以
“
e
”
结尾的动词，只在词尾加
“
d
”
。




live---lived---lived
,



(3)
、以
“
辅音字母

+
y
”
结尾的动词，将


变为


，再加
“
ed
”
。




study---studied---studied
,cry--- cried---cried



(4)
、重读闭音节结尾，末 尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音
字母，再加
“
ed
”
。




stop---stopped ---stopped
,
drop---dropped--dropped



2
、
不规则动词
：



AAA
型



原型

过去式

过去分词



burst
burst
burst
hurt
hurt
hurt
let
let
let


cast
cast
cast


cost
cost
cost


cut
cut
cut


hit
hit
hit






put
put
put


set
set
set


shut
shut
shut


spread
spread
spread
read
read
read


read
原形发音为
/ ri:d/,
过去式和过去分词发音为
/red/


AAB
型


beat
beat
beaten


ABA
型

become
became
become



run
ran
run


come
came
come


特殊情况




ABB
型



bring
brought
brought


buy
bought
bought


build
built
built


burn
burnt
burnt


shoot
shot
shot


sit
sat
sat


stand
stood
stood


catch
caught
caught



dig
dug
dug



feel
felt
felt



fight
fought
fought



find
found
found



hear
heard
heard



hold
held
held



keep
kept
kept



lay
laid
laid



lead
led
led



lose
lost
lost



make
made
made



meet
met
met



sell
sold
sold

sweep
swept
swept
teach
taught
taught
tell
told
told

think
thought
thought
win
won
won
ABC
型


begin
began
begun
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
choose
chose
chosen
draw
drew
drawn
drive
drove
driven
drink
drank
drunk

fly
flew
flown
















forgive
forgave
forgiven


forget
forgot
forgotten


freeze
froze
frozen


give
gave
given


grow
grew
grown


know
knew
known


ride
rode
ridden


rise
rose
risen


ring
rang
rung


shake
shook
shaken


sing
sang
sung


sink
sank
sunk


swim
swam
swum


throw
threw
thrown


write
wrote
written

七．

瞬间动词
（
buy,die,join,come
，
go
,leave,join
直接与
for
since
连用。要改变动词

）不能
buy----have

borrow
-----keep

come/arrive/reach/get
to-----be
in




go
out----be
out

leave
----be
away
begin----- be
on




finish----be
over


open----be
open


close
-----be
closed

die ----be
dead
★

代替
buy



My
brother
has
had(
不能用
has
bought)
this
bike
for
a
lmost
four
years.

★
2
、用
keep
或
h ave
代替
borrow



I
have
kept(
不能用
have
borrowed)
the
book
for
quite
a
few
days.

★
3
、用
be
替代
become

How
long
has
your
sister
been
a
teacher?

★
4
、用
have
a
cold
代替
catch
a
cold



Tom
has
had
a
cold
since
the
day
before
yesterday.



★
5
、用
wear
代替
put
on

……


b)
用
“be
＋形容词
”
代
终止性动词




1
、
be
＋
married
代
marry
2
、
be
＋
ill
代
fall
(get)
ill



3
、
be
＋
dead
代
die
4
、
be
＋
asleep
代
fall
(get)
asleep



5
、
be
＋
awake
代
wake/wake
up
6
、
be
＋
gone
代
lose, die,
sell,leave



7
、
be
＋
open
代
open
8
、
be
closed
代
close/shut



9
、
be
＋
missing(go ne,lost)
代
lose



c)
用
“be
＋副词
”
代终止性动词




1“be
＋
on”
代
start,begin



2“be
＋
up”
代
get
up



3“be
＋
back(to)”
代
return
to,come
back
to,go
back
to



4“be
here
(there)”
代
come(arrive,reach,get)
here
或
go
(arrive,reach,get)
there
等等




d)
用
“be
＋介词短语
”
代终止性动词




1.“be
in/at
+
地点
”
代替
go
to
/come
to



2.
用
be
in
the
army
代替
join
the
army



3.“be
in/at
+
地点
”
代替
move
to



常用瞬间动词变
延续性动词
表：



1.
have
arrived
at/in
sw.
got
to/reached
sw.
come/gon
e/moved
to
sw.



→have
been
in
sw./at…
相应的介词



2.
have
come/gone
back/returned
→
have
been
back



3.
have
come/gone
out
→have
been
out



4.
have
become
→
have
been



5.
have
closed
/
opened→
have
been
close/open


6.
have
got
up
→
have
been
up
；




7.
have
died
→
have
been
dead
；



8.
have
left
sw.
→
have
been
away
from
sw.



9.
have
fallen
asleep/got
to
sleep
→
have
been
aslee
p
；




10.
have
finished/ended/completed
→
have
been
ove
r
；




11.
havemarri
ed
→
have
been
married
；

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