迎战书-

2021年1月25日发(作者：爱没如果)





现在完成时讲解

一、基本结构：主语
+have/has+
过去分词
(done)



①肯定句：主语
+have/has+
过去分词
+
其他



②否定句：主语
+have/has+not+
过去分词
+
其他



③一般疑问句：
Have/Has+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他



④特殊疑 问句：特殊疑问词
+
一般疑问句（
have/has+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他）

二、用法

1
）

现在完成时的

完成用法

现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成 的动作或状态
,
但其结果却和现在有联系
,
也就是说
,
动作 或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在
.

He has turned off the light.
他已把灯关了。
(
动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--
灯
现在不亮了。
)


I have spent all of my money.(
含义是
:
现在我没有钱花了
.)



Jane has laid the table.(
含义是
:
现在桌子已经摆好了
.)

2
）

现在完成时的

未完成用法

指的是动 作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词
要用
持续性动词< br>。常与
for
（
+
时间段）
,since
（
+
时间点）
连用
.



Mary has been ill for three days.

Mary has been ill since three days ago.
注意
:
1.
现在完 成时
不能单独与准确时间连用
，
(
如表示过去的时间状语）




如
yesterday(morning
、
afternoon),last(morning
、
afternoon)
等，除非与
for, since
连用
.


2.
现在完成时往往同表示
不确定的过去时间状语连用



,
如
already
（肯定）
, yet
（否定，疑问）
, just, before, recently, still, latel
y
等
:



He has already obtained a scholarship.



I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).



We have seen that film before.



Have they found the missing child yet ?


3.
现在完成时常常与
表示频度的时间状语
连用
,


如
ever, never, twice, several times
等
:



Have you ever been to Beijing












I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.



I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.



George has met that gentleman several times.


4.
现在完成时还往往
可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用
,


如
up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far
等
:



Peter has written six papers so far.



Up to the present everything has been successful.



5.
现在完成时还可以用来
表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作
.



We have had four texts this semester.

6.
have been to
和
have gone to
的区别

have been to
强调“去过”，现已不在那里
，如：

He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。
（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）

have gone to
主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场
，如：

--Where's your mother? --
你妈妈在哪？

--She has gone to the hospital. --
她去医院了。

has been in
一直在某地


三、现在完成时考点例析

现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：

一、
考查其构成


助动词
have (has) +
动词过去分词

构成现在完成时。如：

1. Kate's never seen Chinese films
，
____ ?
A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she
析 ：陈述句部分含否定词
never,
简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因
Kate's是
Kate
has
的缩写，
故选
B
。

2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (
改为否定句
)
His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.

析：
already常用在肯定句中，
yet
常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填
hasn't, yet
。

3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents.
A. has B. had C. did D. have









析：

助
/
系
/
情态动词
+
主语< br>
结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致
，
又后
句的主语为
her parents
是复数
,
故选
D
。

二、
考查其用法与标志词

(
一
)
当句中有
never, ever, just, already, yet, before
等时，常用现在完成时。如：

1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?

-______you______ your homework yet?

A. Do; finish
B. Are; finishing
C. Did; finish
D. Have; finished
2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed
B. Have; surfed; surfed

C. Did; surf; have surfed
D. Have; surfed; have surfed
析：据
yet
和
before< br>可知
,
应用现在完成时，故
1
题选
D
，
2< br>题选
D
。

(
二
)
当句中有

+
段时间

或

+
点时间

等时，主句常用现 在完成时，谓语动词必须是
延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词
(
短语
)
。如：

1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.


A. after
B. before
C. since
D. for
析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选
C
。

2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent
B. has borrowed
C. has bought
D. has had
析：
A
、
B
、
C
均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表

段时间

的短语连用，故选
D
。

3. I______a letter from him since he left.


A. didn't receive
B. haven't got
C. didn't have
D. haven't heard
析：据
since
可知，应排除< br>A
、
C
，

意为

收到
某人的来信
，故选
B
。

三、
考查
have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)
的区别
。如：

1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?
-Yes, I have.


A. went to
B. gone to
C. been in
D. been to
析：据句中的
have
，排除A
，
B
项意为

去某地了

，
C
项意为

一直呆在某地

，
D
项意为

去过某地

，符合题意，故选
D
。

2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.


A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been

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