(完整)初中英语现在完成时详解
绝世美人儿
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2021年01月25日 00:59
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开学安全第一课-
现在完成时
一、现在完成时构成
构成：现在完成时由助动词
have +
过去分词构成，助动词
have
有人称和数的变化。第三人
称单数用
has
，其余用
have. < br>现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上
not
、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以
study
为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式
I have not (haven’t) studied….
You have not (haven’t) studied….
He has not (hasn’t) studied….
否定疑问式
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…?
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…?
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…?
二、现在完成时用法
1< br>、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作
或状态对 现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived.
她到了。
2
、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一 段时间的状语连用，如
recently, already, just,
lately, for…, since…,
yet
等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days.
这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently.
最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years.
他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
①
for+
时段
②
since+
过去一个时间点（译为：自从
……
以来）
③
since+
时段
+ago
④
since+
从句（过去时）
⑤
It is+
时段
+since+
从句（过去时）
Mary has been ill for three days.
疑问式
Have I studied…?
Have you studied…?
Has he studied…?
简单回答（肯定
/
否定）
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Yes, he has. No, he has
n’t.
I have lived here since 1998.
注意：
since
和
for
的区别
since
后接时间点，如
1993
，
last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for
后接一段时间， 表示
“
长达多久
”
，如
ten years, a while, two days
等。
3
、表示短暂意义的动词如
arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die
等，在完成时当中不 能和
表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks.
×
The old man has died for 4 months.
×
They have left only for 5 minutes.
×
4
、
has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)
的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :
去了
(
现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到
)
Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :
去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in
：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
5
、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如
yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago,
just now, when I came in
，但可以和
already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently,
once, twice, ever, never
等连用。不能与
when
连用。
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
例如：
She has already come.
她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet.
我还没读过这个。
I have met him before.
我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student.
马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street.
我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an.
他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately.
我近来没看到他。
三、现在完成时的标志
1
、现在完成时的含义之一是 过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响
,
用以下四大标志词可以表达这
种含义
: