(完整版)初中现在完成时讲解和练习_
绝世美人儿
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2021年01月25日 00:59
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工伤赔偿协议书范本-
现在完成时
I.
定义：
1.
表示过 去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.
也可以表示过去已经开始，一
直延续到现在的动作或状态
II.
现在完成时的结构
have/has+ done (
过去分词
)
注意：表示短暂 时间动作的词，如
:come
，
go
，
die
，
m arry
，
buy
等的完成时不能与
for
，
since< br>等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如
live
，< br>study
，
be
，
wait
等，常和
since< br>（自从）或
for
（经历）引导的词语连用。
如：
I have lived here for more than thirty years.
我已在此住了
30
多年。
III.
现在完成时的时间状语
1.
ever, never, twice
（
once…
）
, so far
（到目前为止）
,
, already
（肯定句）
, yet
（否定，
疑问句）
, just(
刚刚
), before
（以前）
, recently
（近来）
等词连用
+
时间点，
for+
时间段
，
in the past/last few years
表示短暂时间动作的词，如
:come
，
go
，
die
，
marry
，
buy
等的 完成时不能与
for
，
since
等表示
一段时间的词连用。用来持 续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如
live
，
study
，
b e
，
wait
等，常
和
since
（自从）或
fo r
（经历）引导的词语连用。
说明：
already
与
y et
都有
“
已经
”
的意思，但
already
常用 于肯定句，并用于句中。
yet
常用于
否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。
例如：
I have already finished my homework.
I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?
They have left. (
他们已经离开了
,
也就是说现在他们人不在这里
)
I have had my lunch. (
我已经吃过午饭了
,
也就是说我现在不饿
)
I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.
注意：
1)
现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用
,
如
yesterday,
last
week,
three
years
ago
等
;
2)
不能与
when
连用
IV.
现在完成时的用法
A
．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或 结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结
果）。例如：
The car has arrived.
车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）
Someone has broken the window.
有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）
B.
表示过去已经开始，
持续到现在的动作或状态，
可以和表示从过去某一 时刻延续到现在
（包
括
“
现在
”
在内）的一段时间的状语连 用
,
如
for+
时间段、
since+
过去的时间点、疑问 词
how long
等。
例如：
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.
自从
2002
年
Mr. Black
一直住在中国。
How long have you been here?
你来这里多久了？
用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，
时间状语为
“for
＋时间段
”
或
“
since
＋时间点
”
。如：
He has been in the Green China for three years.
He has been a member of the Green China for three years.
他加入
“
绿色中国
”
已经三年了。
The old man died 4 years ago.---- The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He joined the Party 2 years ago.---- He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I bought the book 5 days ago.----
I have had the book for 5 days.
表示时间段的短语有
:
for+
一段时间
(for 2 years), since+
从句
(since he came here), since+
时间点名词
( since last year, since 5
days ago),how long; for a long time
等。
V.
现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去
发生的，强调 过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调动作发生的时间是
yesterday
。
）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。
）
2
一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：
…ago, last week/...
in 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday,
yesterday ..then(
那时
),
that day, one day, once(
从前
)
现在完成时常和
recently
（近来）
，
ever, never, twice, so far
（到目前为止）
, since
，
for
，
in the
past/last few years , already
（肯定句）
, yet
（否定，疑问句）
, just(
刚刚
), before
（以前）连
用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如
live, teach, learn, work,
study, know.
VI.
比较
have/has been to
、
have/has gone to
和
have been in
have(has) been to...
表示
“
曾去过 某地，已经从那里回来了
”
，可以和
ever
、
never
、
twice
等连用。
have(has) gone to
表示
“
已经去了某地，
在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来
”
。
have (has) been in
表
示
“
在某地呆多长时间
”
，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：
since, for, how long
等
He went to Shanghai last week
上周他去了上海
He has been to Shanghai.
他
(
曾经
)
到
/
去过上海
.(
但他人现在肯 定不是在上海而是回来了
)
He has gone to Shanghai.
他 已经去上海了
.(
也许刚动身出发
,
也许已经到了
,
也许还 在路上
,
反正他人不
在这里
)
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
布朗先生来上海已经有三天了
六．过去分词
1
、
规则动词：
规则动词的过 去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则：
(1)
、一般动词，在词尾直接加
“ ed ”
。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited ---visited
(2)
、以
“ e ”
结尾的动词，只在词尾加
“ d ”
。
live---lived---lived ,
(3)
、以
“
辅音字母
+ y ”
结尾的动词，将
变为
，再加
“ ed ”
。
study---studied--- studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)
、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加
“ ed ”
。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2
、不规则动词：
AAA
型
burst burst burst
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
put put put
★
2
、用
keep
或
have
代替
borro w
I have kept(
不能用
have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★
3
、用
be
替代
become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
★
4
、用
have a cold
代替
catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
★
5
、用
wear
代替
put on
b)
用
“be
＋形容词
”
代终止性动词
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
set
set set
read read read
read
原形发音为/ri:d/,
过去式和过去分词发音为
/red/
AAB
型
beat beat beaten
ABA
型
become became become
run ran run
come came come
特殊情况
ABB
型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
catch caught caught
dig dug dug
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
sell sold sold
shoot shot shot
sit sat sat
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
win won won
ABC
型
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
give gave given
grow grew grown
know knew known
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
ring rang rung
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
throw threw thrown
write wrote written
七．
瞬间动词（
buy, die, join, come
，
go ,leave, join ……
）不能直接与
for since
连用。要改变
动词
buy---- have
borrow -----keep
go out----be out
begin-----be on
come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in
leave ----be away
finish----be over
open----be open
close -----be closed
die----be dead
★
代替
buy
My brother has had(
不能用
has bought) this bike for almost four years.
1
、
be
＋
married
代
marry 2
、
be
＋
ill
代
fall (get) ill
3
、
be
＋
dead
代
die 4
、
be
＋
asleep
代
fall (get) asleep
5
、
be
＋
awake
代
wake/wake up 6
、
be
＋
gone
代
lose,die,sell ,leave
7
、
be
＋
open
代
open 8
、
be closed
代
close/shut
9
、< br>be
＋
missing(gone,lost)
代
lose
c)
用
“be
＋副词
”
代终止性动词
1“be
＋
on”
代
start, begin
2“be
＋
up”
代
get up
3“be
＋
back(to)”
代
return to, come back to, go back to
4“be here (there)”
代
come(arrive, reach, get) here
或
go (arrive, reach, get) there
等等d)
用
“be
＋介词短语
”
代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +
地点
”
代替
go to /come to
2.
用
be in the army
代替
join the army
3.“be in/at +
地点
”
代替
move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…
相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have
been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up
；
7. have died → have been dead
；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asle
ep/got to sleep → have been asleep
；
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over
；
11. have married → have been married
；
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth.
；
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/ha
d
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold
；
18. have got to know → have known
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have
been a member of/
have been in/
have been the Party’s member/