过去完成时
余年寄山水
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2021年01月25日 01:00
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职场励志小故事-
过去完成时
一、
过去完成时的概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生
或完成了
的动作，即
“过去的过去”
。
二、
过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由“助动词
had +
过去分词”构成，
其中
had
通用于各种人称。
eg.1 When I got to school, the bell had rung.
eg.2 By the time I got home ,my little brother had gone to bed.
eg.3 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
三、
过去完成时的用法
用法
1
：过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。
强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
1.
他说他以前见过你。
He said that he
(see) you before.
2.
我出去的时候
,
公共汽车已经开走了。
By the time I got outside, the bus
（
leave
）
.
用法
2
：过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，
这一动作一直持续
或将继续下去。常和
for, since
构成的时间状语连用。
1.
到了六点钟为止，
他们已经工作了八小时了。
By six o'clock they
(work)for eight hours.
2.
我到广州时，
他在那里很长时间了。
When I came to GangZhou , he
(be) there for a long time.
用法
3.
过去完成时和
already, just, ever, yet
等连用表示过去的过去。
1.
他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。
He told me that his team
2.
她说她仍没去过长城。
already
(win).
She said that she
(not be to) the Great Wall yet.
用法
4.
在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，
如果叙述的是过去的事，
先发生的
动作常用过去完成时。
例如：
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
1
/
5
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
用法
5.
过去完成时常常用在
told, said, knew, heard, thought
等动词后的宾语从
句（或间接引语）
中，
这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如：
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
用法
6.
状语从句：
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，
发生在前，
用过去完
成时；
发生在后，
用一般过去时。
如
when, before, after, as soon as, till/until
引导的
例
如：
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.
我
醒来时雨已停了。
She didn' t go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
→ 注意：
如果两个动作紧接着发生，
则常常不用过去完成时，
特别是在包含
before
和
after
的复合句中，
因为
这
时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后
顺序已经非常明确，
这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
例如：
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，
努力提高他的英语水平。
用法
7.
动词
think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend
等用过去完成时来表示过去未
曾实现的想法，
希望，
打算或意图等。
例如：
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，
但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .
我们本来希望能来看看你。
四、
过去完成时的基本结构
基本结构：
主语
+had+
过去分词
(done)
①肯定句：
主语
+had+
过去分词
+
其他
.
②否定句：
主语
+had+not+
过去分词
+
其他
.
③一般疑问句：
Had+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他
?
2
/
5
肯定回答：
Yes,
主语
+had.
否定回答：
No,
主语
+had not .
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组
+
一 般疑问句
（
Had+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他）？< br>
五、
过去完成时的判断依据
1.
由“过去的过去”来判断：
通常句子中有明显表示过去的动作或时间，
而谓
语部分的动作发生在过去的动作或时间之前；
或由
already/just/ever/yet
等词判
断。
2.
由时间状语来判定：
一般说来，
各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
如
by the
time
；
by
+
过去的时间点；
by the end of
+
过去的时间点；
before+
过去的时间等。
【
练
习
】
一
、
单项选择
1
．
I lost the dictionary I
．
A
．
have bought B
．
bought C
．
had bought D
．
had been bought
2
．
The train had gone when my brother at the station
．
A
．
have arrived B
．
arrived C
．
had arrived D
．
am arriving
3. Mary
her mind.
A
．
has thought B
．
thought C
．
had thought D
．
had been thought
4
．
------Did you meet Tom at the
ai
rpor
t
？
------No
，
he by the time I
there
．
A
．
has left
；
got B
．
had left
；
arrived C
．
left
；
arrived D
．
left
；
had got
5
．
-------Why
didn't
Tom
attend
the
meeting
yesterday
？
-------H
e
Beiji
ng
．
A
．
has gone to B
．
had gone to C
．
went to D
．
had been to
6
．
-------I to come to help you
．
------But you didn't come
．
A
．
have meant B
．
had meant C
．
meant D
．
will mean
7
．
Finally one of my friends
by Beijing Un
i
v
e
rs
it
y
，
for which she
five
times
．
A
．
were admitted; had tried B
．
was admitted; had tried C
．
were admitted; has tried
D
．
was admitted; tried
8
．
------I have bought you the books you w
a
n
t
．
------Oh
，
good
，
I
afraid
you had forgotten
．
A
．
was B
．
am C
．
had been D
．
have been
9
．
We four thousand new words by the end of last year
．
A
．
had learned B
．
have learned C
．
learned D
．
will have learned
of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weather made her change
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