现在完成时专题
余年寄山水
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2021年01月25日 01:01
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初中教师个人工作总结-
现在完成时专题
1.
用法
：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或 结果，强调结果。标志性的词语有
just,
already,
before,
yet,
never,
ever,recently
（最近）
，
...
例：
I have finished my homework already.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。标志性的词语
for
、
since
，
so far
（句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
例：
I have lived here since 1990.
2.
现在完成时的构成
主语
+havehas+
过去分词
+
其它
3.
现在完成时的四个基本句型
一般疑问句：
Has he finished the work?
肯定句：
He
has finished
the work.
两回答：
Yes ,he has.
否定句：
He has not finished the work.
No, he hasn
’
t.
特殊疑问句：
What has he done
？
4.
在下列情形下用现在完成时
（
1
）九词语
①
already
已经
肯定句中或句尾
例
: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.
②
yet
否定句中意为
“还”
，
疑问句句尾意为
“已经”
例：
I have not finished the work yet.
Have you read the book yet?
③
ever
曾经
例：
Have you ever seen pandas?
④
never
从不
例：
I have never been to Beijing.
⑤
just
刚刚
例：
I have just done my work.
⑥
before
以前
例：
I have never been there before.
⑦
so far
到目前为止
例：
So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧
how long
多久
例：
How long have you lived here?
⑨
how many times
多少次
例：
How many times has he been to Beijing?
（
2
）
三词组
have
去了某地，没有回来
例：
He has gone to Beijing
(
去了北京
.
未回
)
have
去过某地，已经回来
例：
He has been to Beijing.
(
去过北京，已经回来
)
have / has been in +
地点
表示呆在某地、某个团体 、机构（常与
for
和
since
连用）
He has been in Beijing for 20 years.
他呆在北京已经
20
年了
.
（
3
）两结构
for +
时间段
例如：
for two months
Jim has lived here for 2 months.
since +
过去时间点
例如：
since last year
，
since 1990
I have lived here since last year.
since +
时间段
+ago
例如：
since 3 years ago
Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.
since +
过去时态句子
例如：
since he came here
He has been in China since he came here.
5.
在现在完成时中，短暂性性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
.
例：
He has bought the book for 3 years.
（错）
因
buy
这个短暂性性动词不能和一段时间
for 3 years
连用。
6.
还有其他短暂性性动词也是这种情况。
例如下：
①
come/arrive/get to/reach
→
be here
例：
I have come here for 3 years.
（错）改为：
I have been here for 3 years.
②
leave/go
→
be away
例：
He has left for 3 hours.
（错）
改为：
He has been away for 3 hours.
③
begin/start
→
be on
例：
The film has begun for 3 minutes.
（错）
改为
The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④
open
→
be open / close
→
be closed
例：
The shop has opened for 3 years.(
错
)
改为
The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤
die
→
be dead
例：
His father has died for 3 years.(
错
)
改为：
His father has been dead for 3 years.
⑥
finish/end
→
be over
例：
He has finished the work for 3 days.(
错
)
改为
The work has been over for 3 days
⑦
join
–
be in/ be a member of +
团体
I have joined the army for 3 years.
（错）改为：
I have been in the army for 3 years.
或
I
have been a soldier for 3 years.
⑧
buy /catch
→
have
例：
I have bought the bike for 3 years.
（错）
改为：
I have had the bike for 3 years.
例：
He has caught a cold for 3 days.
（错）
改为：
He has had a cold for 3 days.
⑨
borrow
→
keep
例：
I have borrowed the book for 3 years.
（错）
改为
I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
break
→
be broken
get up
→
be up
marry
→
be married