现在完成时态---练习
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2021年01月25日 01:02
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一、时态讲解：现在完成时
（
1
）构成：现在完成时由助动词
have +
过去分词构成，助动词
have
有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用
has
，其
余用
have. < br>现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上
not
、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以
study
为例，其否定式、
疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式
I have not (haven’t) studied….
You have not (haven’t) studied….
He has not (hasn’t) studied….
否定疑问式
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…?
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…?
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…?
简单回答（肯定
/
否定）
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Yes, he has. No, he ha
sn’t.
疑问式
Have I studied…?
Have you studied…?
Has he studied…?
（
2
）用法：
1
） 现在完成时通常表示在
说话之前已经完成的动作
或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对 现在的
结
果或影响
。
My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived.
她到了。
2
）表示持续到现在的动作或状态， 往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如
recently,
already,
just,
lately, for…, since…,
yet
等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days.
这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently.
最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years.
他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
a)
since
和
for
的区别
since
后接时间点，如
1993
，
last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for
后接一段时间， 表示
“
长达多久
”
，如
ten years, a while, two days
等。
Exercise:
用
since
和
for
填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
2
）表示短暂意义的动词如
arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die
等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时 间的状语连
用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks.
×
The old man has died for 4 months.
×
They have left only for 5 minutes.
×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has _____ _______ for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
现归纳总结
:
由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换
1.
直接用延续性动词
buy
–
have
catch(get) a cold
–
have a cold
borrow
—
keep
2.
转换成
be+
名词
join the army
–
be a soldier
；
go to school
–
be a student
become a teacher
—
be a teacher
join---be a member of
3
转换成
be+
形容词或副词
die
—
be dead
；
finish
–
be over
；
begin
—
be on
；
leave
—
be away
fall sleep
–
be asleep
return
—
be back
get married /marry
–
be married
finish →
be over
open
→
be open
close
—
be closed
fall ill
–
be ill.
go out
–
be out ,
stop
–
be over
fall asleep
—
be asleep ,
get up_
be up
4
转换成
be+
介词短语
:
go to school
–
be in school
；
go to bed
–
be in bed
come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+
某地
—
be in(at) +
某地；
练一练：延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化
died 10 years ago.
——
He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
——
He _____________the book for 2 weeks.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
——
He ___________the motorbike for a month.
4. He arrived here three days ago.
—
He ____________here since three days ago.
5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.
——
The light __________for 2 hours.
6. He left here 2 years ago.
———
He ____________from here for 2 years.
7. The film began 30 minutes ago.
——
The film __________ for 30 minutes.
8. They opened the door an hour ago.
——
The door __________ for an hour.
9. They closed the door an hour ago.
——
The door ___________for an hour.
10. He joined the army last year.
——
He _____________ a _______ for a
year.
He _____________ the army for a year.
It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.
put on-- wear
receive
—
have
go to sleep
–
sleep
get to know
–
know
2
）
have (has) been
和
have (has) gone
的区别：表示
“
曾到过某地
”
要用
“have (has) been”;
表示
“
已经去某地
”
要
用
“have (has) gone”
。试比较：
Where has he been?
他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone?
他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada.
他们到过加拿大。
（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada.
他们到加拿大去了。
（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）
.
3
）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如
yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I
came in
，但可以和
already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never
等连用。
例如：
She has already come.
她已经来了。
I haven’t read i
t yet.
我还没读过这个。
I have met him before.
我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student.
马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street.
我经常在街上看见他。
They have
never been to Yan’an.
他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately.
我近来没看到他。
Irregular Verbs
Base Form
bear
beat
become
blow
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
do
drink
drive
eat
fall
find
fly
get
give
go
grow
have
hear
keep
leave
Past Form
bore
beat
became
blew
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
did
drank
drove
ate
fell
found
flew
got
gave
went
grew
had
heard
kept
left
3
Past Participle
born
beaten
become
blown
brought
built
bought
caught
chosen
come
done
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
found
flown
got
given
gone
grown
had
heard
kept
left
lose
make
put
read
run
say
see
sell
send
sing
sink
take
teach
write
am, is
are
lost
made
put
read
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
sang
sank/sunk
took
taught
wrote
was
were
lost
made
put
read
run
said
seen
sold
sent
sung
sunk
taken
taught
wrote
been
been
Exercise:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come
B. got
C. arrived
D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2
B. for 2 years
4
C. when I was 2.
D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been
B. gone
C. went
D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after
B. since
C. for
D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met
B. have met
C. had met
D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy
B. did, buy
C. are, having
D. have, had
7.--Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have turned
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived
B. lived
C. have been
D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking.
Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. went to
D. will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US?
-- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone
B. Have, been
C, Do, go
D. were, going
III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (
改为否定句
)
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
2.
He hasn’t come to school
because he was ill. (
就划线部分提问
)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (
用
just
改写
)
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(
改为同义句
)
We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______?
（改成反意疑问句）
6. They have been here since 2000.
(
对划线部分提问
)
_______ _______have they been here?
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die)
（动词填空）
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.
(
同义句转换
)
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
5