一般将来时现在完成时
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月25日 01:05
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一般将来时,现在完成时
---
寒假
Name: ______________
Date:___________
●
Warm-up:
NBA
经典英语词汇
Air ball
:
“
三不沾
”
,投出的球什么都没碰到。
Assist
:助攻
(
缩写:
Ast.)
。
Backboard
:篮板。注意不是
basketboard
。
Baseline
:底线。球场两端的边界线。
Basket
:篮筐。也作
ring
,还有一种通俗的说法是
hoop。
Bench
:替补队员。
Block shot
:盖帽
(
缩写:
Blk.)
。
Bo
:发出嘘声
(v.)
;嘘声
(n.)
。球迷发泄不满的 一种方法。
Bounce pass
:击地传球。
Box out
:抢篮板球挡人,即抢篮板球时站在对手和篮之间,用身体挡 住防守队员的动作。
(樱木花道的必杀记之——卡位。)
●
lauguage:
一般将来时
1
.基本概念
:
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作
或状态。
2
.一般将来时的形式
★
在英国:第一人称
+
shall
+
动词原形构成
e.g.: I
shall
go shopping.
第二、三人称
+
will
+
动词原形构成。
e.g.: They
will
come here tomorrow.
★
在美国:一律用
will
。
●will
常简略为
'll
,并与主语连写在一起,如:
I'll
,
he'll
,
it'll
,
we'll
,
you' ll
,
they'll
。
3
.一般将来时的用法
:
一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用
如:
before long
不久
in the future
在将来
in two weeks
在两周后
next week / month / year /summer
下一周
/
月
/
年
/
夏天
some day
将来的某一天
soon
很快
this evening
今天晚上
this afternoon
今天下午
tomorrow
明天
the day after tomorrow
后天
next week
下周,
from now on
从现在开始
4
.一般将来时的其他用法
1
)
“
be going to
+
do
”
表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
e.g.: I
’m
going to go
there next month.
He
is going to
visit his grandparents next year.
2
)
go
,
come
,
start,
move
,
sail
,
leave
,
arr ive
,
stay
等可用进行时态表示
按计划
即将发生
的
动作。
e.g.:
I'm leaving for Beijing./ We are meeting him after the performance.
3
)
come
,
go
,
leave
,
arrive
,
start
,
get
,
stay
等的一般现在时也可表示将来。
e.g.: The meeting starts at five o'clock.
会议五点开始。
He gets off at the next stop.
他下一站下车
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4
)时间状语从句中:
when, if, after, before, although, as soon as, because, as, even if, in case, though, till, until,
unless, so long as, where, whatever, wherever
等连词,以及副词(起连词作用)
e.g.: If it
isn’t
too much trouble,
I’d
love a cup of tea.
Once you have drunk that brand of whisky, you will never want to drink any other.
“Will”
和
“be going to”
的区别
在初中阶段
“will
/ shall +
动词原形
”
与
“
be going to +
动词原形
”
这两种表示将来时的句型
没什么太大的差别。在现在英语中,特别是在口语中,一般 更倾向于使用
“
be going to +
动词
原形
”
这一句型,但两者主要区别还不在此。
“
be going to +
动词原形
”
表示一个事先考虑好的意图, 侧重
“
打算
”
、
“
计划
”
等。
“will
/ shall +
动词原形
”
侧重表示未经事先考虑而将要发生的情况。
边学边练
1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to
B. will going to be
C. is going to be
D. will go to be
2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A
. isn’t working
B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working
D. won’t work
3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is
B. is; is
C. will be; will be
D. is; will be
4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was
B. is going to have
C. will have
D. is going to be
5.
–
________ you ________ free tomorrow?
–
No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will
B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be
D. Are; going to be; will be
6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives
B. will give
C. gives
D. give
7.
–
Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?
–
________.
(不,不要。)
A
. No, you won’t.
B. No, you aren’t.
C
. No, please don’t.
D. No, please.
8.
–
Where is the morning paper?
–
I ________ if for you at once.
A. get
B. am getting
C. to get
D. will get
9.
________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be
B. Will there be
C. There can be
D. There are
10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have
B. will have
C. had
D. would have
11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives
B. gave
C. will giving
D. is going to giving
12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes
B. has written
C. will write
D. wrote
13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back
B. came back
C. will come back
D. is going to coming back
14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller
-skating.
A. isn’t rain
B. won’t rain
C. doesn’t rain
D. doesn’t fine
15.
–
Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?
–
No, ________
(不去)
.
A. they willn’t.
B. they won’t.
C. they aren’t.
D. they don’t.
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现在完成时
1.
基本构成:
have (has) + done
注:
has
用于第三人称单数,
have
用于其他所有人称。
2
.现在完成时的用法:
(
1
)现在完成时表示过去发生 或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
通常与时间副词
just
,
already,
before,
yet,
never,
ever,
recently
等状语连用。
I have never heard of that before.
我从没有听说过这事。
Have you ever ridden a horse?
你骑过马吗?
Have you ever been a teacher?
你当过教师吗
?
(
2
)现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在
,
也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。
时间状语:
☆
for +
时间段
, since+
时间点
/
从句
,
I have kept the library book for a week.
=
I have kept the library book since a week ago.
☆
so far, today, this week(month, year) in the last ten years
等。(都是表示一段时间)
What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?
延续性动词
表示短暂时间动作的词,
如
come, go, die, marry, buy
等的完成时不能与
for, since
等表示一
段时间的短语连用。
1.
英语动 词根据词义可分为两种
,
一种是延续性的
,
一种是终止性的
,
终止性动词
(
也可称为非
延续性动词
,
瞬间动词
,
或点动词
),
如
begin, start, die, buy, leave, come
等
,
表示动作的发生与
结束于一瞬间完成
,
不能再 延续
,
所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用
,
即
不能 与表示一段时间的状语
,for+
时间段
, since+
时间点
/
从句连用
,
也不能用在
how long
引
导的特殊疑问句中
.
I've left Shanghai for three days.
( ×
)
I've been away from Shanghai for three days.
(
√
).
I left Shanghai three days ago.
(
√
)
It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.
(
√
)
2.
常见终止性动词有
:
leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become
等
.
终止性动词要表示持续时
,
可用以下方法
:
⑴
.
将时间状语改为时间段
+ ago,
句中谓语动词用一般过去时
.
e.g.
我弟弟参军两年了
. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵
.
若保留
for+
时间段
,since+
时间点
/
从句
,
或用在
how long
句型中
,
则需将终止性动词
改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
常见终止性动词与延续性动词
(
或状态动词
)
的对应关 系如下
:
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move ----------be in/at open----------be open
die-----------dead close-----------be closed become----------be
borrow-------keep begin/start----------be on put on------------wear
leave----------be away (from) buy------- have fall asleep-------be asleep
end/finish --------be over catch a cold-----------have a cold
join the army----------be in the army be a soldier
join the Party---------be in the Party be a Party member
★
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对 现在的影响
,
强调的是现在的情况
,
不可以和表示过去的时间状语
y esterday,
in 1991, three days ago, last time,
last night
等连用
.
一般过去时表明的是 过去发生的事实
,
和现在
不发生关系
.
现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过
去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强 调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个